Resumen Pteris posee numerosos representantes de origen asiático y oceánico naturalizados en América y algunos de ellos reconocidos como malezas invasoras. Pteris ensiformis se introdujo en América a mediados del siglo XIX y posteriormente se naturalizó en USA y Centroamérica, pero los registros de su distribución en Sudamérica son aislados y el establecimiento o naturalización de las poblaciones no está claro. Como parte de un estudio más amplio cuyo objetivo es revisar la diversidad de helechos y licofitas de la selva paranaense, P. ensiformis se registra por primera vez en Argentina. Además de describir, ilustrar, y distinguir la especie de otras especies del género en el país, se presenta una revisión completa de la distribución de P. ensiformis para Sudamérica, comparando colecciones de herbario y datos obtenidos de iNaturalist, una plataforma de ciencia ciudadana. Adicionalmente, se propone un estatus para la especie en cada país donde se encuentra registrada de acuerdo a su etapa en el proceso de naturalización. invasoras Centroamérica claro paranaense P Argentina describir ilustrar iNaturalist ciudadana Adicionalmente

Abstract Pteris has numerous representatives of Asian and Oceanic origin naturalized in America, some of them recognized as invasive weeds. Pteris ensiformis was introduced in America in the middle of the 19th century and subsequently naturalized in USA and Central America, but the records of its distribution in South America are isolated and the establishment or naturalization of the populations is unclear. As part of a broader study whose objective is to review the diversity of ferns and lycophytes in the Paranaense forest P. ensiformis was found for the first time in Argentina. In addition to describing, illustrating, and distinguishing the species from other species of the genus in the country, we review the distribution of P. ensiformis in South America comparing herbarium collections and iNaturalist observations, a citizen science platform. Additionally, a status for the species is proposed or suggested in each country where it is registered according to its stage of the naturalization process. weeds th unclear P Argentina describing illustrating observations platform Additionally process

Abstract The Yabotí Biosphere Reserve (Prov. Misiones, Argentina) with 221,155 ha, represents one of the southernmost relicts of the Paranaense forest. Currently, a project is being developed in the area to inventory and describe the ferns and lycophytes. As a result of these studies, we identify a new species of Amauropelta, A. yabotiensis. Within this genus, it belongs to the group of species with uncinate hairs and presents a unique combination of diagnostic features, including the type of pubescence on the rhizome scales, the shape of the fronds and segments and type of venation. Here, we described and illustrated the species and we analyzed its taxonomic affinities and geographic distribution. Additionally, we provided a distribution map and a key to distinguish it from other Amauropelta species from Misiones province. With this new finding, we highlighted the importance of the Yabotí Reserve as a reservoir of biodiversity in the region.

Abstract Hypolepis ×paulistana was described in 2016 as a putative hybrid, known from a single gathering. The hybrid status of these plants was based solely on the intermediate morphology of the sporophyte, when compared to its presumed parent species. These were thought to be H. stolonifera and H. rugosula, but, H. rigescens (Kunze) T. Moore could not be explicitly ruled out either. In the present work, we tested the hybrid status of Hypolepis ×paulistana adding palynological evidence and by using chloroplast sequences to unambiguously identify the maternal progenitor of the species. We find that sporangia of Hypolepis ×paulistana contain both well-formed spores, as well as spores with morphological and developmental anomalies. The size of the regular spores and the abnormal spores suggest that H. ×paulistana is likely a diploid, and probably infertile hybrid. The ornamentation of the regular spores of H. ×paulistana is similar to that of H. stolonifera. The chloroplast sequences of H. ×paulistana are identical to those of H. stolonifera, as well as their sister position within the global phylogeny of the genus. Thus, we provide new evidence for the hybrid status of H. ×paulistana, and we corroborate the earlier finding that H. stolonifera is the maternal parent.

Summary Background and aims : Acrostichum danaeifolium is a widely distributed species in the Neotropics, growing in freshwater or saltwater habitats. In Argentina and Paraguay are scarce records cited by previous papers. The objective of this work is to study A. danaeifolium for Argentina and Paraguay, emphasizing the review of its distribution and the history of the botanical collections of the species. M&M : Specimens deposited in national and international herbaria and collected during monitoring tasks in the Río Pilcomayo National Park (Formosa, Argentina) were studied. Also, records were consulted in the GBIF and iNaturalist databases. The analysis of the diagnostic characters was carried out under a stereoscopic magnifying glass. Results and Conclusions : The diagnostic characters of A. danaeifolium are illustrated, and a map of the species distribution in Argentina and Paraguay is provided. We corroborate that the A. danaeifolium populations registered to date for both countries are scarce and are restricted to the Chaco Oriental district, where they grow associated with floodplains such as river banks and freshwater lagoons. The specimens found in the Río Pilcomayo National Park represent the first record of the species in a protected area, the first record in Formosa province, the most boreal record of Argentina and the first collection in the country in 70 years. Due to the intense deforestation recorded in the Chaco Oriental district in recent decades, the RPNP takes on special relevance for the conservation of the species.

Resumen Introducción y objetivos : Acrostichum danaeifolium es una especie ampliamente distribuida en el Neotrópico, que crece en hábitats de agua dulce o salada. En Argentina y Paraguay son escasos los registros citados por artículos previos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar a A. danaeifolium para Argentina y Paraguay haciendo énfasis en la revisión de su distribución y la historia de las colecciones botánicas de la especie. M&M : Se estudiaron especímenes depositados en herbarios nacionales e internacionales y coleccionados durante tareas de monitoreo en el Parque Nacional Río Pilcomayo (Formosa, Argentina), y se consultaron registros en las bases de datos GBIF e iNaturalist. El análisis de los caracteres diagnósticos fue realizado bajo lupa estereoscópica. Resultados y conclusiones : Se ilustran los caracteres diagnósticos de A. danaeifolium y se provee un mapa de la distribución en Argentina y Paraguay. Se corrobora que las poblaciones de A. danaeifolium registradas hasta el momento para ambos países son escasas y se restringen al distrito del Chaco oriental, donde crecen asociadas a terrenos inundables como márgenes de ríos y lagunas de agua dulce. Los especímenes hallados en el Parque Nacional Río Pilcomayo representan el primer registro de la especie en un área protegida y para la provincia de Formosa, el registro más boreal para Argentina y la primer colección de la especie para el país en 70 años. Debido a la intensa deforestación que atravesó el distrito del Chaco oriental en las últimas décadas, el PNRP cobra especial relevancia para la conservación de la especie.

Abstract Marquez, G. J.; A. Yañez & D. Ocampo Terraza. 2020. First record of Megalastrum oreocharis (Dryopteridaceae) for Argentina. Darwiniana, nueva serie 8(1): 389-394. Megalastrum oreocharis is cited in Argentina for the first time. Within Megalastrum, this species differs from the others in Misiones province, for the presence of rachis, costae and veins hairs greater than 0.5 mm and echinate spores. The careful study of microcharacters within the genus Megalastrum has become an important tool to find records of new species in Argentina, which contributes to ongoing biological diversity studies.

Resumen Marquez, G. J.; A. Yañez & D. Ocampo Terraza. 2020. Primer registro de Megalastrum oreocharis (Dryopteridaceae) para Argentina. Darwiniana, nueva serie 8(1): 389-394. En el presente trabajo se cita por primera vez en Argentina a Megalastrum oreocharis. Dentro de Megalastrum, esta especie se diferencia de otras por la presencia de pelos mayores a 0,5 mm en el raquis, costas y venas, y esporas equinadas. El estudio minucioso de los microcaracteres dentro del género se ha transformado en una herramienta importante para confirmar el hallazgo de nuevos registros para Argentina, lo que enriquece los proyectos de diversidad biológica en curso.

Abstract Abstract The Parque Provincial Moconá is in the east of the Misiones province, surrounded by Yabotí and Uruguay rivers. It belongs to Yabotí Biosphere Reserve, and together with other Biosphere’s protected areas, it represents one of the main relicts of the Paranaense forest in the country. In this work, fern and lycophyte species that grow in the park were exhaustively surveyed. Field trips were carried out to the study area and national herbaria were consulted. Seventy-one taxa were found, 38 of which represent new records for the protected area. A comprehensive key to the species and habitat considerations are provided. Additionally, the relationship with the adjacent protected area Parque Estadual do Turvo, Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) and the relevance to the conservation of native flora is discussed.

Resumen São apresentados os resultados do levantamento florístico das angiospermas da APA Municipal do Rio Vermelho/Humboldt, localizada em área de Mata Atlântica no sul do Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas entre os anos de 2004 e 2017, e a identificação das espécies foi baseada em consulta bibliográfica, comparação com acervos de herbários e auxílio de outros especialistas. Foram inventariadas 979 espécies, distribuídas em 134 famílias, com maior riqueza de Asteraceae (87 espécies), Orchidaceae (86), Solanaceae (58), Melastomataceae (51), Bromeliaceae, Fabaceae, Rubiaceae (cada uma com 37), Myrtaceae (34), Piperaceae (33), Cyperaceae e Poaceae (ambas com 18). Doze espécies estão classificadas como ameaçadas de extinção e 21 espécies são novas ocorrências para o estado de Santa Catarina. A elevada riqueza florística demonstra a importância da APA para a conservação da diversidade vegetal no sul do Brasil.

ABSTRACT The genera of Dennstaedtiaceae have sporophytes with very different morphological characteristics between each other, and this feature has made difficult the systematic circumscription of the family. This reason makes necessary the study of new characters that allow a better understanding of the relations within the group. The spore morphology and wall structure of Blotiella lindeniana, Histiopteris incisa and Paesia glandulosa from the Paranaense Phytogeographic Province were studied using light microscope, and scanning and transmission electron microscope. The exospore has two layers and, according to the species, the exospore surface bears pila, echinae, verrucae, bacula and tubercles. The perispore has two or three layers and its surface is psilate, baculate or rugulate. The variability found in the sculpture of the spores and their stratification and ultrastructure of perispore reflects the morphological differences observed in the sporophyte of the species studied. Additionally, while the stratification and ultrastructure of the exospore is shared by the Dennstaedtiaceae species, their ornamentation could be a character to distinguish species into the clade “hypolepidoide”. The finding of spores with similar characteristics in phylogenetically unrelated families allows us to suggest that palynological features do not have an evolutionary value to establish relationships between groups above the genus level.

A morphological analysis of the fern family Lindsaeaceae from Argentina is carried out and distributional data updated. After the rectification of previous information due to citations uncorroborated and erroneous determinations the presence of a single taxon is confirmed in the country: Lindsaea quadrangularis subsp. terminalis. A detailed morphologic description, habitat considerations, relevant notes, illustrations, photographs and a distribution map are provided for the species. A comprehensive key to identify the species of Lindsaea from Argentina and neighboring areas of Brazil is made.

Se realiza un análisis morfológico de la familia de helechos Lindsaeaceae en la Argentina, y se actualizan los datos de su distribución. A partir de la rectificación de información previa debida a citas no corroboradas y erróneas determinaciones se confirma la presencia de un único taxón en el país: Lindsaea quadrangularis subsp. terminalis. Se provee una descripción morfológica detallada, consideraciones sobre el hábitat, notas relevantes, ilustraciones, fotografías y un mapa de distribución de la especie en el área de estudio. Se elabora una clave para identificar las especies del género Lindsaea para la Argentina y áreas limítrofes de Brasil.

Anogramma chaerophylla belongs to a fern genus with annual sporophytes and potentially perennating gametophytes. In the studied area, Natural Reserve Punta Lara, the plants grow stressed mainly by pollution and the invasion of exotic species. As a part of a project on conservation of ferns inhabiting Buenos Aires province, the objectives of this work were to evaluate in Anogramma chaerophylla the conditions for in-vitro spore germination and to analyse the different stages of its reproductive cycle. Spores were sterilized in an aqueous solution 10 % of NaCIO during different times and then sown in Petri dishes with Murashige & Skoog medium, without the addition of sucrose. The dishes were kept under laboratory conditions, at 12 h light/ darkness photoperiod and a temperature of 22 (± 2) °C. After two weeks, the percentage of germination was 80%. The spore germination pattern corresponds to the Vittaria type and the prothallus development was Ceratopteris type. Gametangia developed first in the bended thalloid region of the prothallus and then bisexual tubercles originated near this zone. The sporophytes developed only in association with the tubercles. During culture in plastic pots the sporophytes gave origin to a second generation of prothalli. Our preliminary findings demonstrate that the in vitro culture technique is suitable for A. chaerophylla propagation as a strategy for ex-situ conservation.

Anogramma chaerophylla pertenece a un género de helechos con esporofitos anuales y gametofitos potencialmente perennes. En el área de estudio, la Reserva Natural Punta Lara, la vegetación crece bajo estrés debido principalmente a la contaminación y la invasión de especies exóticas. Como parte de un proyecto de conservación de helechos que habitan en la provincia de Buenos Aires, los objetivos del trabajo fueron evaluar en Anogramma chaerophylla las condiciones para la germinación de esporas in-vitro y analizar las distintas etapas de su ciclo reproductivo. Las esporas fueron desinfectadas en solución 10 % de NaCIO durante distintos tiempos y sembradas luego en medio de cultivo Murashige - Skoog, sin agregado de sacarosa. Las cápsulas se incubaron con un fotoperíodo de 12 h luz/oscuridad y una temperatura de 22 (± 2) °C. A las dos semanas germinaron el 80% de las esporas. El patrón de germinación fue tipo Vittaria y el desarrollo del protalo tipo Ceratopteris. Los gametangios aparecieron primero en la región engrosada del protalo donde posteriormente se originaron los tubérculos bisexuales. Los esporofitos se desarrollaron solo en asociación con los tubérculos. Durante su cultivo en macetas, éstos dieron origen a una segunda generación de protalos. Nuestros resultados demuestran que la técnica de cultivo in vitro es apropiada para la propagación de Anogramma chaerophylla y como estrategia para su conservación ex-situ.

A morfologia dos esporos e a ultraestrutura da parede do Microlepia speluncae e Pteridium arachnoideum da Província Paranaense foram analisadas com LM, SEM e TEM e uma análise comparativa foi realizada. Em am bas as espécies, os esporos são cobertos por uma rede tridimensional de cordões ramificados e fundidos, dis postos tangencialmente à superfície, e alguns fios com extremidades livres também são vistos. As espécies foram diferenciadas pela morfologia e a frequência de fusão de fios e redes de distribuição sobre a superfície dos esporos. Em ambas as espécies a exospore é de duas camadas na seção, ambas as camadas são atravessadas por canais únicos ou ramificados. O perisporo é de três camadas na seção: a camada interna é aderida à exospore, a camada do meio é formada por uma rede tridimensional de cordões e a camada exterior é descontínua. A ultraestrutura do perisporo de Microlepia speluncae foi interpretada como formada por subunidades helicoidais exibidas em torno de um canal central. A morfologia dos esporos e ultraestrutura do perisporo permitem diferenciar Microlepia de Pteridium, mas também para os outros gêneros Dennstaedtiaceae que crescem na Província Paranaense. Os resultados obtidos permitem estabelecer relações que nos permitem reconhecer diferentes grupos e nos deu uma nova referência para obter um melhor conhecimento da família.

The spore morphology and wall ultrastructure of Microlepia speluncae and Pteridium arachnoideum from the Paranaense Province were analyzed with LM, SEM and TEM and a comparative analysis was carried out. In both species the spores are covered by a three-dimensional network of threads branched and fused, tangentially arranged to the surface, and some free-end threads are also seen. The species were differentiated by morphology and the frequency of threads fusion and the networks distribution on the surface of the spores. In both species the exospore is two-layered in section, both layers are traversed by single or branched channels. The perispore is three-layered in section: the inner layer is adhered to the exospore, the middle layer is formed of a three-dimensional network of threads and the outer layer is discontinuous. The perispore ultrastructure of Microlepia speluncae was interpreted as formed of helical subunits displayed around a central channel. The spore morphology and perispore ultrastructure allow differentiating Microlepia from Pteridium but also to the other Dennstaedtiaceae genera that grow in the Paranaense Province. The results obtained allow establishing relationships that let us recognize different groups and gave a new reference to get a better knowledge of the family.

Dennstaedtia dissecta is recorded for the first time for the Argentinean flora in the Misiones Province. This new record was discovered during the study of herbarium specimens from BA and LP, and then corroborated with field collections from Cruce Caballero Provincial Park and Urugua-í Provincial Park. In addition to the characteristics of rhizome and lamina, the spores were an important information source for the identification of this species. The diagnostic characters are described and illustrated, including a key to identify the species of Dennstaedtia from Misiones.

Se cita por primera vez para la flora argentina a Dennstaedtia dissecta, hallada en la provincia de Misiones. Este nuevo registro surgió del estudio de ejemplares de los herbarios BA y LP, y luego se corroboró con colecciones realizadas en los Parques Provinciales Cruce Caballero y Urugua-í. Además de las características del rizoma y la lámina, las esporas resultaron una importante fuente de información en la identificación de esta especie. Se describen e ilustran los caracteres diagnósticos, y se incluye una clave para identificar a las especies de Dennstaedtia presentes en Misiones.

Epiphyte ferns on Alsophila setosa (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta) from Misiones province, Argentina. Trunks of tree ferns offer especially distinctive substrates to support epiphytes. In this paper, ferns that grow on Alsophila setosa Kaulf. from Misiones were studied. A total of 21 species, from 10 genera and 5 families, were recorded. Polypodiaceae (8) had greater specific diversity. Richest genera were Asplenium (6) and Pecluma (4). A key is presented to identify the taxa involved. The high epiphytic diversity found suggests that Alsophila setosa plays an important role as a biodiversity reservoir in the Atlantic forest.

Los cáudices de los helechos arborescentes presentan condiciones particulares que favorecen el establecimiento de epífitas. En este trabajo se estudiaron los helechos que crecen sobre Alsophila setosa Kaulf. (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta) en la provincia de Misiones. Se encontraron 21 especies, que se agruparon en 10 géneros y 5 familias. La familia más diversa fue Polypodiaceae, con 8 especies, y los géneros mejor representados fueron Asplenium (6) y Pecluma (4). Se presenta una clave para la identificación de los taxa involucrados. La cantidad de especies epífitas encontradas sugiere que Alsophila setosa juega un papel importante como reservorio de biodiversidad en el bosque atlántico.

Asplenium uniseriale Raddi is recorded for the first time for Argentina. It was collected in Moconá Provincial Park (Misiones), therefore extending its range southward. The novelty of its epiphytic habit on the tree fern Alsophila setosa Kaulf rhizome is recorded. A key to differentiate species of the same genus with a complexity similar blade is proposed.

Se cita por primera vez para Argentina Asplenium uniseriale Raddi coleccionada en el Parque Provincial Moconá, Misiones. De esta manera se extiende su área de distribución hacia el sur. Se registra la novedad de su hábito epífito sobre el rizoma del helecho arborescente Alsophila setosa Kaulf. Se propone una clave para diferenciarla de especies misioneras del mismo género con una complejidad de la lámina similar.

Hasta el año 1987 el número de helechos y licofitas citados para la Reserva Punta Lara era de 30, incluyendo taxa específicos e infraespecíficos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la diversidad de los helechos y licofitas que crecen en esta reserva, donde se halla el relicto más austral de las selvas en galería. Para llevar a cabo este estudio se realizaron viajes de campo durante los años 2006-2009 y se consultaron herbarios locales así como bibliografía especializada. Como resultado del estudio se determinaron 24 taxa de helechos y licofitas, de hábito predominantemente terrestre (70%); pocas acuáticas (17%) y epífitas (13%); dos especies exóticas, mientras que otras dos especies nativas citadas previamente no fueron halladas. Cinco taxa fueron registrados con escasa frecuencia. Se infiere que las principales causas de amenaza para las poblaciones de licofitas y helechos en la Reserva Natural Punta Lara son la extracción para su comercialización, la introducción de plantas exóticas y las fluctuaciones climáticas (periodos de sequía). Se presenta una clave de identificación de los taxa registrados y se plantean futuras estrategias de conservación de las especies consideradas vulnerables.

Diversity of ferns and lycophytes from Reserva Natural Punta Lara, Buenos Aires , Argentina. Punta Lara Natural Reserve shelters the relict of the Southernmost riparian forest in the world, where the flora is threatened by the anthropic expansion and by the introduction of exotic species. In this area the ferns and lycophytes grow in particular environments as marshland, grassland and marginal forest. The aim of this work was to evaluate the diversity of ferns and lycophytes that inhabit in Punta Lara Natural Reserve. Field trips were conducted from 2006 to 2009 and local herbaria and specific bibliography were also revised. As a result of our study twenty four taxa of ferns and lycophytes were recognized. Their habit was mainly terrestrial (70%), fewer aquatic (17%) and epiphytic (13%). Five native taxa were scarcely recorded whereas two native species previously documented were not found. We assume that the main threats on ferns and lycophytes populations in Punta Lara Reserve are: removal for comercialization, invasion by exotic species and climatic fluctuations (drought periods). Keys for taxa identification are given and strategies for the conservation of threatened taxa are proposed. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (3): 1037-1046. Epub 2011 September 01.