Resumo: As margens do “caos” do sistema de inovação têm um forte potencial de inovação e facilitam a formação e o desenvolvimento de redes de inovação em tecnologias emergentes. Em combinação com a teoria do ciclo de vida, o processo de formação de tecnologias emergentes e sua relação com a trajetória de desenvolvimento de tecnologias pré-existentes são analisados e o mecanismo de evolução das redes de inovação na indústria transformadora avançada é aprofundado. A análise empírica foi realizada através da coleta de dados sobre patentes na área de robôs industriais, utilizando a avaliação de citação de patentes combinada com a análise de redes sociais para mapear a rede de coatualização do IPC e a de citação de titulares de patentes e para verificar as características técnicas e de fluxo de conhecimento da rede de inovação de fabricação avançada calculando os indicadores da rede. Os resultados empíricos mostram que: as redes de fluxo de conhecimento têm um efeito de pequeno mundo, apresentam características de fácil fluxo, fluxo amplo, alta eficiência, fronteiras de rede ambíguas e um núcleo de temas de inovação numerosos e diversificados.

Abstract: As the “chaotic” edge of innovation system has strong innovation potential and is easy to form and develop the emerging technology innovation network, the formation process of emerging technologies and their relationship with the development trajectory of original technologies are analyzed, and the evolution mechanism of innovation network of advanced manufacturing industry is deeply studied combined with life cycle theory. Firstly, empirical analysis is carried out by collecting patents data in the industrial robotics field. Then, the IPC co-occurrence network and patentee citation network are plotted by combining patents citation analysis with social network analysis. Next, the technical characteristics and knowledge flow characteristics of an advanced manufacturing innovation network are verified by calculating various indicators of the network. Finally, the empirical results show that the technology structure in the field of industrial robotics has high heterogeneity, wide integration among technical fields, and knowledge flow network has a small-world effect, characterized by easy flow, wide flow direction, high efficiency, fuzzy network boundary, and numerous and diversified core the key players in innovation.

Fetal exposure to sevoflurane induces long-term cognitive impairment. Histone acetylation regulates the transcription of genes involved in memory formation. We investigated whether sevoflurane exposure during late-pregnancy induces neurocognitive impairment in offspring, and if this is related to histone acetylation dysfunction. We determined whether the effects could be reversed by an enriched environment (EE). Pregnant rats were exposed to 2.5% sevoflurane or control for 1, 3, or 6 h on gestational day 18 (G18). Sevoflurane reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), acetyl histone H3 (Ac-H3), and Ac-H4 levels and increased histone deacetylases-2 (HDAC2) and HDAC3 levels in the hippocampus of the offspring on postnatal day 1 (P1) and P35. Long-term potentiation was inhibited, and spatial learning and memory were impaired in the 6-h sevoflurane group at P35. EE alleviated sevoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction and increased hippocampal BDNF, Ac-H3, and Ac-H4. Exposure to 2.5% sevoflurane for 3 h during late-pregnancy decreased hippocampal BDNF, Ac-H3, and Ac-H4 in the offspring but had no effect on cognitive function. However, when the exposure time was 6 h, impaired spatial learning and memory were linked to reduced BDNF, Ac-H3, and Ac-H4, which could be reversed by EE.

Abstract: The use of ulinastatin for pancreatitis and sepsis have been described. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ulinastatin on vascular endothelial cell damage and coagulation in pregnant women with severe pre-eclampsia (PE).From October 2015 to November 2017 at Tianjin Central Hospital of gynecology and obstetrics in China. Eighty pregnant women with severe PE, who elected to deliver by cesarean section, were randomly assigned to a control group or an ulinastatin group. The plasma concentration of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and platelet granule membrane protein (GMP-140), platelet count, fibrinogen levels, prothrombin time (PT), and partial prothrombin activation time (APTT) were recorded before combined spinal-epidural anesthesia and 40 min after administration in both groups.Ulinastatin attenuates vascular endothelial cell damage in pregnant women with PE as indicated by decreased plasma concentrations of vWF and prolonged APTT.

Background: The perennial medicinal herb Dioscorea zingiberensis is a very important plant used for steroid drug manufacturing for its high level of diosgenin in rhizome. Although the stimulation of diosgenin accumulation by ethylene has been reported in a few of plant species, its regulation is not yet characterized at the molecular level, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Results: In this study, the effects of ethylene on diosgenin biosynthesis in in vitro cultures of D. zingiberensis were described. The results showed that, in samples treated with ethylene at concentration E3 (10(4) dilution of 40% ethephon), the diosgenin biosynthesis was significantly promoted in comparison with the control samples. Treatment with high concentrations of ethylene had inhibitory effect, whereas with low concentration of the gas elicitor brought about no detectable deleterious effect on the growth rate and diosgenin content of the cultures. The considerable increase of diosgenin level in in vitro cultured Dioscorea zingiberensis by ethylene application is accompanied by the concomitant increase of soluble proteins and chlorophyll content. The gene expressions of cycloartenol synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase but not of squalene synthase or farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase were up-regulated by applied ethylene. Conclusions: Our results suggest that ethylene treatment enhanced diosgenin accumulation via up-regulation of the gene expressions of cycloartenol synthase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase.