Resumo Diversas externalidades resultantes de um modelo inadequado de planejamento de transportes urbanos afetam diretamente a qualidade ambiental e de vida da população. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar cidades de referência em mobilidade urbana sustentável, avaliando-as por meio de indicadores, determinados pelos sistemas de avaliação de cidades: Mercer, Copenhagenize, Walk Score, UITP Index e European Green Capital. Foram selecionadas as cidades mais bem classificadas para validar indicadores relacionados a infraestrutura e gestão de transportes e mobilidade urbana. Os resultados demonstraram quais as práticas exitosas essas cidades referência têm adotado para a melhoria da mobilidade urbana, qualidade ambiental urbana e qualidade de vida da população, servindo de orientação para o planejamento urbano para as cidades brasileiras.

Abstract Several externalities resulting from an inadequate model of urban transport planning directly affect the environmental and living quality of the population. In this sense, the purpose of this study is to analyze cities of reference in sustainable urban mobility, evaluating them through indicators determined through city assessment systems: Mercer, Copenhagenize, Walk Score, UITP Index and European Green Capital. The best ranked cities were selected to validate indicators related to transportation infrastructure and management and urban mobility. The results demonstrated the successful practices these reference cities have adopted to improve urban mobility, urban environmental quality and the quality of life of the population, serving as an urban planning guide for Brazilian cities.

Los accidentes de transportes generan anualmente miles de víctimas fatales e no-fatales, constituyendo un problema grave de salud pública en Brasil, causando además de los impactos sociales, impactos en la economía del país. Se nota en Brasil pocos artículos que investiguen esta problemática, apuntando a subsidiar medidas de reducción de estas tasas. En este sentido, el trabajo tuvo por objetivo evaluar la evolución de los accidentes de transporte involucrando peatones y ciclistas, teniendo como referencia los registros municipales en el Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Esta evaluación se dio por medio de los registros de defunción y de internamientos hospitalarios facilitados por el Ministerio de la Salud. La evaluación resultó en mapas desarrollados en Sistemas de Información Geográfica que contienen las tasas de accidentes, además de identificar la evoluci ón de los registros de accidentes, considerando un periodo de 20 años. En general, se observa una caída en las tasas de accidentes en el Estado (víctimas fatales y no-fatales), para ciclistas y peatones. Las mejoras urbanas y las políticas públicas contribuyeron directamente al fomento a los transportes activos, generando un aumento en el nú mero de usuarios ciclistas, y una reducción expresiva en los accidentes relativos al aumento en el número de usuarios de este modal.

Os acidentes de transportes geram anualmente milhares de vítimas fatais e não-fatais, constituindo um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil, causando, além dos impactos sociais, impactos na economia do país. Nota-se no Brasil poucos artigos que investiguem essa problemática, visando subsidiar medidas de redução destas taxas. Nesse sentido, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a evolução dos acidentes de transportes envolvendo pedestres e ciclistas, tendo por referência registros municipais no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Esta avaliação se deu por meio dos registros de óbitos e de internações hospitalares disponibilizados pelo Ministério da Saúde. A avaliação resultou em mapas desenvolvidos em Sistema de Informação Geográfica contendo as taxas de acidentes, além de permitir a identificação da evolução dos registros de acidentes, considerando período de 20 anos. No geral, observa-se uma queda nas taxas de acidentes no Estado (vítimas fatais e nã o-fatais), para ciclistas e pedestres. Melhorias urbanas e de políticas públicas contribuíram diretamente para o fomento a transportes ativos, gerando um aumento no número de usuários ciclistas, e uma redução expressiva nos acidentes relativos ao aumento no número de usuários deste modal.

Les accidents de transport génèrent des milliers de victimes mortelles et non mortelles chaque année, constituant un grave problème de santé publique au Bré sil, et entraînant des impacts sociaux, ainsi que des impacts sur l'économie du pays. Il y a peu d'articles au Brésil qui étudie ce problème, visant à subventionner des mesures pour réduire ces taux. En ce sens, l'objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer l'évolution des accidents de transport impliquant des piétons et des cyclistes, en ayant comme base les registres municipaux de l'État de Santa Catarina, Brésil. Cette évaluation a été basée sur des données de d écès et d'hospitalisations mis à disposition par le ministère de la Santé, et qui ont permis de développer une cartographie des taux d'accidents, ainsi que l'identification de l'évolution de ces taux sur une période de 20 ans. En général, il y a une décroissance des taux d'accidents dans l'État (victimes mortelles et non mortelles) pour les cyclistes et les piétons. Les améliorations apportées aux politiques urbaines et publiques ont directement contribué à la promotion du transport actif, générant une augmentation du nombre d’utilisateurs cyclistes et une réduction significative du nombre d’accidents liés à l ’augmentation du nombre d’utilisateurs de ce mode.

Transportation accidents generate thousands of fatal and nonfatal victims annually, constituting a serious public health problem in Brazil, causing, besides the social impacts, impacts on the country's economy. There are few articles in Brazil that investigate this problem, in order to subsidize strategies to reduce these rates. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the evolution of transport accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists, with reference to municipal records in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. This evaluation was based on records of deaths and hospital admissions, available by the Ministry of Health. The evaluation resulted in maps developed in Geographic Information System containing the accident rates, besides allowing the identification of the evolution of the accident records, considering period of 20 years. In general, there is a decrease in accident rates in the State (fatal and non-fatal) for cyclists and pedestrians. Urban improvements and public policies contributed directly to the promotion of active transportation, generating an increase in the number of cyclist users, and a significant reduction in accidents related to the increase in the number of users of this modal.

Resumo Os custos sociais decorrentes de acidentes de trânsito são elevados e impactam diretamente na economia. Entre as principais vítimas desses acidentes estão ciclistas e pedestres, os usuários mais vulneráveis. Nesse sentido, o objetivo foi desenvolver uma metodologia para estimar os custos gerados pelos acidentes de trânsito envolvendo pedestres e ciclistas. O estudo teve como referência dados disponíveis no Sistema de Informações de Saúde, vinculado ao Ministério da Saúde, considerando vítimas fatais e não fatais de acidentes. Para a composição dos custos de vítimas não fatais, foram utilizadas duas abordagens: uma considerando apenas despesas médico-hospitalares e outra levando em conta também os custos indiretos. Para acidentes fatais, empregou-se o método do capital humano, utilizando rendimentos fornecidos pelo IBGE como base para os cálculos. Como resultado, obtiveram-se diferentes aproximações de custos para cada tipo de ocorrência (lesões e vítimas fatais), demonstrando o ônus resultante do elevado número de acidentes. Os resultados obtidos podem ser utilizados em subsídio ao planejamento estratégico urbano e às políticas de segurança nos deslocamentos.

Abstract The social costs resulting from traffic accidents are high and have a direct impact on the economy. Among the main victims of these accidents are cyclists and pedestrians, consisting of the most vulnerable users. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology to estimate the costs generated due to traffic accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists. This study had as reference data contained in the Health Information system which part is from National Ministry of Health, considering fatal and non-fatal accident victims. For the composition of the costs of non-fatal victims, two approaches were used, one considering only medical-hospital expenses and the other also considering indirect costs. For fatal accidents the Human Capital method was used, using income provided by the IBGE as a basis for calculations. As a result, different cost approaches were obtained for each type of occurrence (injuries and fatalities), demonstrating the charge resulting from the high number of accidents. The results obtained can be used to subsidize the urban strategic planning and safety policies on commuting.

Resumo O objetivo da pesquisa foi o de gerar uma base de análise quantitativa para subsidiar uma avaliação integrada da infraestrutura cicloviária inserida no contexto de mobilidade urbana das cidades. A metodologia utilizada deu ênfase a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento de parâmetros estatístico-matemáticos que explicitam a continuidade ou a fragmentação, densidade, e funcionalidade de um sistema cicloviário utilizando estudo de caso das cidades de Balneário Camboriú/SC e Itajaí/SC para validar os índices e parâmetros propostos. Ambas as cidades possuem um sistema implementado de infraestrutura cicloviário e projetos de expansão desta, o que facilitou a comparação entre elas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram-se positivos, com indicadores aderentes e sensíveis para a quantificação da qualidade do sistema cicloviário das cidades, subsidiando o planejamento urbano e adoção e monitoramento de metas. O desenvolvimento do IMCiclo (Índice de Mobilidade Cicloviária) permitiu, de forma objetiva e simplificada, classificar a qualidade do sistema cicloviário contribuindo para a difusão da necessidade de mensuração das condições da infraestrutura cicloviária. Foi possível observar claramente as diferenças entre as cidades estudadas, onde Balneário Camboriú atingiu os melhores índices.

Abstract The purpose of the research was to generate a quantitative analytical basis to support an integrated assessment of cycling infrastructure inserted in urban mobility context of cities. The methodology emphasized the research and development of statistical-mathematical parameters that explain the continuity or fragmentation, density, and functionality of cycling system using case study of the cities of Balneário Camboriú and Itajaí, Estate of Santa Catarina to validate the indexes and parameters proposed. Both cities have an implemented system of cycling infrastructure and projects for expansion of it, which facilitate the comparison between them. The results were positive, with adherents and sensitive indicators able to quantify the quality of the cycling system of cities, subsidizing urban planning and adoption and monitoring goals. The development of IMCiclo (Cycling Mobility Index) allowed in an objective and simplified way, to rate the quality of the cycling system contributing to the spread of the need to measure the conditions of cycling infrastructure. It was possible clearly observe the differences between the cities studied, where Balneário Camboriú reached the best rates.

The coastal region of the State of Santa Catarina in Brazil which includes the coastal promontories of Penha, Balneário Camboriú and Itajaí, is among the areas most affected by urbanization in that area, and consequently suffers pressure on natural resources causing destruction or degradation. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the main vectors of pressure on coastal promontories of Penha (São Roque and Monge), Itajaí (Farol de Cabeçudas) and Balneario Camboriú (Taquaras and Taquarinhas). This analysis was based on social and environmental indicators, which tend to facilitate the communicability of complex phenomena and to give subsidy to public managers and civilians, since that simplify complex concepts. For this analysis it was performed a fieldwork in the studies areas, bibliographic and documentary research applicant to the impacts and activities in these areas, as well as research based on data relating to tourism, water quality and demographic development of the municipalities. To evaluate the quality of bathing of beaches in the vicinity of areas of study, it was used the data of the monitoring carried out periodically by the environmental agency of the State of Santa Catarina The diagnosis about the demographic characteristics was developed through research of the evolution of population density of municipalities based on the 1991, 2000 and 2010 census, and population counts in 1996 and. For projections of the evolution of population, for the year 2050 in the municipalities under study, it was used the methodology used by the institute IBGE (governmental institute of statistics). The data on tourism were provided by SANTUR (government institute of tourism), with data for the years 2005-2009 of the amount of tourists on these areas. The analysis was also correlated with the number of beds of occasional use and vacant, to estimate the number of second homes or the number of tourist beds. After the compilation of data and indicators, it was constructed an index of Level of Pressure (LP) composed of three indicators: demographic density, Population Growth and Tourism. The higher the density, population growth and the expressiveness of tourism, the higher the level of pressure, thus establishing a relationship of proportionality between of the Level of Pressure, with the following classes: very high, high, medium, low, very low. This level was combined with the water bathing index (classified as proper or improper) and the Access Level to areas with the purpose of verify which areas with the greatest threats. The access level was classified in three levels: low, medium and high. The higher the rating, the better the local road infrastructure and consequent ease to access it. It was found that the major sources of pressure are population growth and tourism, which end up generating a series of effects to the natural environment. It is possible to observe that the promontories, in generally, has their flora preserved. The bathing water quality is proper for the municipality of Penha, however, in Itajaí there are deteriorating trends, as well as in the outfall of the lagoon of Taquaras in Balneario Camboriu with improper quality, due to sewage releases. Upon analysis of the data, it was found that the combination of the pressure levels with water quality and level of access to the promontories pointed that the promontory of Balneário Camboriu have the greatest threats, with a level of pressure (LP) very high; besides the improper water quality, and access level (AL) high, causing great pressure on the natural resources do promontory. In conclusion, it has been verified the need to expand environmental studies and carry out actions for environmental protection and regulation of land use in these areas of high environmental interest. As regards the use of indicators, these allow to establish relationships and understanding of compact and simplified way of how complex and synergistic phenomena, such as tourism and population growth, interfere with the environmental integrity manifested in these areas and/or municipalities. This interaction approaches the community to monitoring the effectiveness of public policies, as well as supports public managers as guides on planning and to establish goal.

La región costera del estado de Santa Catarina en Brasil, que comprende los promontorios costeros de Penha, Itajaí y Balneário Camboriú, está entre las zonas más afectadas por el proceso de urbanización y, consecuentemente, sufre presión sobre sus recursos naturales provocando destrucción o degradación. Se constató que las principales fuentes de presión son el crecimiento poblacional y el turismo, que acaban generando una serie de efectos al medio ambiente natural. Es posible observar que los promontorios de forma general en su flora se encuentran conservados. La calidad del agua de baño se encuentra óptima para el Municipio de Penha, no obstante, Itajaí posee tendencias de deterioro, como también la desembocadura de la laguna de Taquaras en Balneário Camboriú con calidad impropia. Mediante el análisis ponderado de los datos se constató que cuando se observa la combinación de los niveles de presión con la calidad del agua y el nivel de acceso a los promontorios, es posible determinar que los promontorios de Balneário Camboriú poseen las mayores amenazas con un nivel de presión (NP) muy alto; calidad del agua impropia; y un nivel de acceso (NA) alto, causando una enorme presión sobre los recursos naturales de sus promontorios.