O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a produção e o valor nutritivo de nove espécies de leguminosas forrageiras herbáceas tropicais, cultivadas sob dois níveis de irradiação luminosa e seis frequências de corte na estação chuvosa, em Anhembi (SP), Brasil. Parcelas puras foram estabelecidas ao sol e sob plantação de Eucalyptus grandis, com 8 anos de idade, com 1.000 árvores/ha, que interceptou mais de 80% da radiação luminosa incidente. Avaliou-se a taxa de acúmulo de matéria seca, a proteína bruta e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca em amostras de plantas colhidas em intervalos de 30, 60, 90 e 180 dias, com cortes adicionais aos 120 e 150 dias. Sob pleno sol, as leguminosas testadas toleraram cortes mais frequentes (intervalos de 30 - 90 dias), exceto o Lablab. Na sombra, o grau de tolerância variou conforme a espécie; em termos de produção de MS e de persistência, a Centrosema e a Puerária se destacaram dentre as demais leguminosas comparadas, quando os cortes foram realizados em intervalos de 60 dias, enquanto o Arachis e o Estilosantes foram os mais produtivos quando os cortes ocorreram em intervalos de 120 dias, mantendo o valor nutricional. O Alysicarpus e a Aeschynomene não persistiram sob o nível de sombreamento que prevaleceu nesse experimento.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the production and nutritive value of nine tropical legumes under two light intensities and six cutting regimens in the wet season, in Anhembi (SP) - Brazil. Pure stands were established in full light and under an eight-year-old eucalyptus plantation with 1.000 plants per hectare. The trees intercepted over80% of the incident radiation. Dry matter herbage accumulation, dry matter in vitro digestibility and crude protein under the cutting intervals 30, 60, 90 and 180 days, with additional cuttings at 120 and 150 days were evaluated. With the exception of Lablab, all other tested legume species tolerated higher cutting frequency under when grown under full sun light then under shade. The degree of shade-tolerance varied according to the species; Centrosema and Pueraria produced well at cutting intervals of 60 days, showing higher dry matter production and persistence while Arachis and Stylosanthes showed better results under longer cutting intervals, keeping the nutritional value, and can be indicated for differential grazing. Alysicarpus and Aeschynomene did not persist under the prevailing conditions.

Tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens) is a native bird of the Brazilian fauna and has great potential to become a domesticated species. From this perspective, the objective of this study was to evaluate the carcass and main parts yield and to assess meat quality of that bird. Two trials, one studying stocking density and the other litter materials, lasting 60 days each, were conducted. The studied traits were evaluated in two birds/replicate/treatment. Performance was evaluated by the least square method. The results showed that bird age at slaughter significantly influenced carcass and breast yields (p<0.05). Mean carcass, breast, thighs+drumstick and wing yields were 86.50±2.78%, 32.84±1.50%, 27.71±1.44%, and 13.21±0.94%, respectively. Shear force, pH, water holding capacity, lightness, redness and yellowness means and standard deviations were 1.92±0.98 kgf.cm-2, 6.07±0.12; 70±0.53%, 48.30±0.96, 1.96±1.01, and 1.61±1.0, respectively. Moisture, ash, crude protein, fat, and cholesterol contents were 72.35±0.16%, 1.12±0.06%, 25.53±0.50%, 0.17±0.01%, and 18.87±2.76 mg/10g, respectively. Results showed carcass and parts yields and the physical-chemical traits of tinamou meat are similar to chicken meat; however, tinamou meat is less acidic and has higher protein level combined with less calories and lower cholesterol levels.

Com este trabalho objetivou-se determinar parâmetros genéticos para peso corporal de perdizes em cativeiro. Foram utilizados modelos de regressão aleatória na análise dos dados considerando os efeitos genéticos aditivos diretos (AD) e de ambiente permanente de animal (AP) como aleatórios. As variâncias residuais foram modeladas utilizando-se funções de variância de ordem 5. A curva média da população foi ajustada por polinômios ortogonais de Legendre de ordem 6. Os efeitos genéticos aditivos diretos e de ambiente permanente de animal foram modelados utilizando-se polinômios de Legendre de segunda a nona ordem. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos pelos modelos de ordem 6 de ajuste para os efeitos genéticos aditivos diretos e de ordem 3 para os de ambiente permanente pelo Critério de Informação de Akaike e ordem 3 para ambos os efeitos pelos Critério de Informação Bayesiano de Schwartz e Teste de Razão de Verossimilhança. As herdabilidades estimadas variaram de 0,02 a 0,57. O primeiro autovalor respondeu por 94 e 90% da variação decorrente de efeitos aditivos diretos e de ambiente permanente, respectivamente. A seleção de perdizes para peso corporal é mais efetiva a partir de 112 dias de idade.

The objective of this work was to determine genetic parameters for body weight of tinamou in captivity. It was used random regression models in analyses of data by considering the direct additive genetic (DA) and permanent environmental effects of the animal (PE) as random effects. Residual variances were modeled by using a fifth-order variance function. The mean population growth curve was fitted by sixth-order Legendre orthogonal polynomials. Direct additive genetic effects and animal environmental permanent effect were modeled by using Legendre polynomials of order two to nine. The best results were obtained by models with orders of fit of 6 for direct additive genetic effect and of order 3 for permanent effect by Akaike information criterion and of order 3 for both additive genetic effect and permanent effect by Schwarz Bayesian information criterion and likelihood ratio test. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.02 to 0.57. The first eigenvalue explained 94% and 90% of the variation from additive direct and permant environmental effects, respectively. Selection of tinamou for body weight is more effective after 112 days of age.

Growth curves models provide a visual assessment of growth as a function of time, and prediction body weight at a specific age. This study aimed at estimating tinamous growth curve using different models, and at verifying their goodness of fit. A total number 11,639 weight records from 411 birds, being 6,671 from females and 3,095 from males, was analyzed. The highest estimates of a parameter were obtained using Brody (BD), von Bertalanffy (VB), Gompertz (GP,) and Logistic function (LG). Adult females were 5.7% heavier than males. The highest estimates of b parameter were obtained in the LG, GP, BD, and VB models. The estimated k parameter values in decreasing order were obtained in LG, GP, VB, and BD models. The correlation between the parameters a and k showed heavier birds are less precocious than the lighter. The estimates of intercept, linear regression coefficient, quadratic regression coefficient, and differences between quadratic coefficient of functions and estimated ties of quadratic-quadratic-quadratic segmented polynomials (QQQSP) were: 31.1732±2.41339; 3.07898± 0.13287; 0.02689±0.00152; -0.05566±0.00193; 0.02349±0.00107, and 57 and 145 days, respectively. The estimated predicted mean error values (PME) of VB, GP, BD, LG, and QQQSP models were, respectively, 0.8353; 0.01715; -0.6939; -2.2453; and -0.7544%. The coefficient of determination (R²) and least square error values (MS) showed similar results. In conclusion, the VB and the QQQSP models adequately described tinamous growth. The best model to describe tinamous growth was the Gompertz model, because it presented the highest R² values, easiness of convergence, lower PME, and the easiness of parameter biological interpretation.