ABSTRACT ‘BRS Vitória’ is the leading seedless table grape cultivar in tropical regions of Brazil, but there is a lack of information regarding suitable rootstocks for subtropical cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance and nutrient cycling of ‘BRS Vitória’ grapevines grafted onto rootstocks ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 766’, and ‘1103P’ under subtropical climate conditions. Crop yield, nutrient content, and weight of shoots and bunches were assessed over two growing seasons, along with nutrient removal via pruning and harvest and nutrient utilization efficiency. The ‘IAC 572’ rootstock promoted greater shoot biomass accumulation and crop yield compared to ‘IAC 766’ and ‘1103P’. Both nutrient content and nutrient accumulation were also higher in grapevines grafted onto the ‘IAC 572’ rootstock. Nevertheless, the amount of nutrients transported to the bunch was comparatively lower than in ‘IAC 766’ and ‘1103P’. Given its superior productivity, nutrient accumulation capacity, and nutrient utilization efficiency, the ‘IAC 572’ rootstock is more suitable for ‘BRS Vitória’ grapevines in subtropical regions.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the effect of rootstocks (IAC 572 and IAC 766) and potassium fertilization at different concentrations (0, 75, 150 and 300 kg·ha-1 K2O) on the phenology and thermal demand of the Niagara Rosada grapevine, and to evaluate the development of chemical traits during maturation stage. The length of the main phenological stages was recorded within two production seasons. Total thermal demand was calculated using the degree-day concept. The berries’ titratable acidity and soluble solids contents were determined during maturation. Results indicated that IAC 572 and IAC 766 rootstocks along with potassium fertilization had no influence on the phenological cycle or thermal demand of the Niagara Rosada grapevine. The production cycle lasted 144 to 148 days with thermal demands ranging from 1,465.2 to 1,615.1 degree-days. For better grape quality, i.e., with a balance between soluble solids and acidity levels, it is estimated that the grape harvest is carried out around 21 to 24 days after the veraison.

ABSTRACT Most Brazilian soils have restrictions on agricultural use related to acidity and nutrient availability. This study aims to evaluate a zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) mining by-product (Zincal™), regarding its capacity to correct soil acidity, and to serve as a source of Zn. For evaluation of its efficacy, a comparison with dolomite + Zn sulfate was conducted. The experiment was set up in two soils, a Quartzarenic Neosol and a Red Latosol, and conducted under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Treatments consisted in the application of two doses, aiming at 75 and 95% base saturation of both liming materials, as well as in a control treatment without acidity correction. The effect of said treatments on pH, base saturation, Al3+, H+Al, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn, Mn and Pb contents were evaluated over 120 days. Similar responses were obtained from both liming materials, regarding their capacity to increase the pH of the soil, reduce Al3+ and potential acidity (H+Al), and increase base saturation. Differences observed in these attributes were dose-related. In regard to Ca and Mg, the content released in soil correlates with the content present in the liming materials. Zincal™ released more Mg and less Ca than dolomite, hence proving to be efficient in releasing Zinc.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de 19 porta-enxertos clonais sobre o crescimento vegetativo e os teores de nutrientes nas folhas dos pessegueiros (Prunus persica) 'BRS Kampai' e 'BRS Rubimel'. No período de 2014 a 2018, foram realizados dois ensaios em campo, nos municípios de Jarinu e Jundiaí, no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram avaliadas as cultivares BRS Kampai e BRS Rubimel enxertadas em 19 porta-enxertos clonais, além de suas copas autoenraizadas, em Jarinu e Jundiaí, respectivamente. Em Jarinu, os porta-enxertos Barrier, Cadaman, 'Capdeboscq', Flordaguard, GxN9, I-67-52-4, 'Okinawa', México Fila-1, Nemared, Tsukuba-2 e Tsukuba-3, além da copa autoenraizada, apresentaram melhor desempenho para crescimento vegetativo e teores de nutrientes nas folhas. Em Jundiaí, todos os genótipos, exceto Marianna 2624 e Mirabolano 29C, não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas quanto ao crescimento vegetativo. O desempenho de 'BRS Kampai' e 'BRS Rubimel' autoenraizadas é similar ao dos porta-enxertos tradicionais, como 'Okinawa'. Assim, as cultivares-copa avaliadas podem ser consideradas alternativa interessante para locais com condições bióticas e abióticas de solo adequadas.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 19 clonal rootstocks on the vegetative growth and foliar nutrient contents of the 'BRS Kampai' and 'BRS Rubimel' peach (Prunus persica) trees. In the period of 2014 to 2018, two field trials were carried out in the municipalities of Jarinu and Jundiaí, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The BRS Kampai and BRS Rubimel cultivars, budded on 19 clonal rootstocks, besides their own-rooted scions, were evaluated in Jarinu and Jundiaí, respectively. In Jarinu, the Barrier, Cadaman, 'Capdeboscq', Flordaguard, GxN9, I-67-52-4, 'Okinawa', México Fila-1, Nemared, Tsukuba-2, and Tsukuba-3 rootstocks, as well as the own-rooted scion, showed the best performance for vegetative growth and foliar nutrient contents. In Jundiaí, all genotypes, except Marianna 2624 and Mirabolano 29C, did not show any statistical difference regarding vegetative growth. The performance of own-rooted 'BRS Kampai' and 'BRS Rubimel' is similar to that of traditional rootstocks, such as 'Okinawa'. Therefore, the evaluated scion cultivars may be an interesting alternative for sites with suitable biotic and abiotic soil conditions.

ABSTRACT The expansion of blackberry cropping in subtropical regions is recent, requiring adaptability studies and the development of new cultivars, as well as suitable plant management. Aiming to study adaptability and agronomic performance of blackberry (Rubus spp.) under drastic summer pruning in a subtropical region, the response of four blackberry cultivars (‘BRS Tupy’, ‘Guarani’, ‘Brazos’ and ‘Choctaw’) to N and K fertilization was evaluated during two growing seasons in Jundiaí (Brazil). The experiment used split-plots in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The plots consisted of combinations of three N rates (75, 150 and 300 kg·ha–1·year–1) and three K rates (50, 100 and 200 kg·ha–1·year–1 of K2O) in factorial arrangement and an additional control treatment without fertilizer application. In the subplots, four cultivars of blackberry were studied. Considering fruit yield, accumulation of phytomass and mineral elements, as well as the nutrient efficiency use, the cultivars that showed greater adaptation to cultivation in a subtropical area under drastic summer pruning management are ‘Brazos’, ‘Guarani’, ‘BRS Tupy’ and ‘Choctaw’, in that order. An annual application of 120 and 67 kg·ha–1 of N and K2O, respectively, is expected to be sufficient to achieve maximum economic yield.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the fertiliser sources and application methods of copper (Cu) in citrus trees during the first years of fruit production. Two experiments were set up in an orchard with 3-year-old sweet orange trees, which were applied with three sources of Cu (nitrate, sulfate or EDTA) either via fertigation (Experiment 1) or via foliar sprays (Experiment 2). Regardless of the fertiliser source, Cu application via fertigation was not efficacious to increase the micronutrient concentration in leaves and, consequently, did not affect fruit yield. Conversely, foliar application of Cu, either as nitrate or sulfate, increased this nutrient level in leaves but when applied as copper nitrate, visual phytotoxicity symptoms were verified in leaves due to salt accumulation in the plant canopy, which reduced the fruit yield. Considering the plant growth and intensified phytosanitary management of the orchard with the application of copperbased products after the third year of the experiment, the effects of Cu treatments on fruit yield are expected to be negligible as the trees age.

RESUMOSão apresentadas normas DRIS preliminares e derivados níveis críticos de nutrientes no tecido foliar (NC) para a videira ‘NiagaraRosada’ enxertada sobre o porta-enxerto ‘IAC 766’, nas condições de cultivo da região de Jundiaí-SP. As normas DRIS e os NCs foram obtidos a partir de um banco de dados com 116 registros, relacionando produtividade e teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca e Mg das videiras. Esses registros foram obtidos em experimentos de adubação e em um levantamento do estado nutricional de videiras realizados na região de Jundiaí, durante quatro ciclos de produção. Os registros foram separados em duas subpopulações: alto (>26 t/ha), e baixo rendimento (<26 t/ha) e as normas DRIS foram calculadas de acordo com os procedimentos convencionais. Mesmo com a diversidade nas condições de cultivo, a relação entre o índice de balanço nutricional e a produtividade das plantas foi altamente significativa (R2=0,48; p<0,0001), indicando que parte da variação na produtividade dos vinhedos pode ser creditada ao estado nutricional das plantas. Os NCs foram obtidos a partir de regressões múltiplas, relacionando teores foliares de cada nutriente com todos os índices DRIS. Os NCs para teores foliares de N, P, K, Ca e Mg foram 38,0; 3,0; 11,4; 13,7 e 3,5 g kg-1, respectivamente.

ABSTRACTPreliminary Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) norms and critical leaf nutrient levels (CLN) for ‘Niagara Rosada’ grape grafted on the rootstock ‘IAC 766’ growing in the region of Jundiaí, State of São Paulo (Brazil) are presented. DRIS norms and CLN were established from a data bank of leaf nutrient concentration(N, P, K, Ca and Mg) and fruit yield with 116 records. The data bank gets information from fertilizationexperiments and from a field survey comprising four crop cycles. The data were divided into high-yielding (>26 t/ha) and low-yielding (<26 t/ha) subpopulations and norms were computed using standard DRIS procedures. Even with the diversity of cropping conditions, the relationship between the nutrient balance index from DRIS and fruit yield was highly significant (R2 = 0.48, p<0.0001), indicating that part of the variation in productivity of vineyards can be credited to nutritional status of the plants. The CLNs were derived using multiple linear regressions relating to the foliar nutrient concentration with DRIS indices of all nutrients. The CLNs for N, P, K, Ca, and Mg were 38.0, 3.0, 11.4, 13.7, and 3.5 g/ kg, respectively.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de porta-enxertos e épocas de poda na produtividade e no teor e na extração de nutrientes por ramos removidos pela poda e pelos cachos na colheita da videira 'Niagara Rosada', em clima subtropical. Foram avaliados os porta-enxertos 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572', 'IAC 313', 'IAC 571-6' e '106-8 Mgt'. Os tratamentos consistiram de combinação de cinco porta-enxertos e três épocas de poda. Na ocasião da poda, avaliaram-se a massa de matéria fresca e seca dos ramos para estimar o acúmulo de biomassa. Na colheita, estimou-se a produtividade pela pesagem dos cachos por planta. Amostraram-se ramos e cachos na ocasião da poda e no momento da colheita, respectivamente, para análise dos teores de nutrientes. O teor de nutrientes e a massa de matéria seca dos ramos e dos cachos foram utilizados para estimar a extração total de nutrientes. A videira 'Niagara Rosada' enxertada no porta-enxerto 'IAC 572' apresentou maior produtividade e massa de matéria seca dos cachos, as quais diferiram significativamente das observadas em 'Niagara Rosada'/'IAC 313'. 'Niagara Rosada' enxertada sobre o porta-enxerto 'IAC 572' extraiu maior quantidade de K, P, Mg, S, Cu e Fe, tendo diferido de 'IAC 313' e 'IAC 766' na extração de K e P, e de '106-8 Mgt' na extração de Mg e S. As podas de inverno resultam em maior produtividade, acúmulo de matéria seca nos ramos, teor e extração total de nutrientes.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of rootstocks and pruning times on yield and on nutrient content and extraction by pruned branches and harvested bunches of 'Niagara Rosada' grapevine in subtropical climate. The rootstocks 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572', 'IAC 313', 'IAC 571-6', and '106-8 Mgt' were evaluated. Treatments consisted of a combination between five rootstocks and three pruning times. At pruning, fresh and dry matter mass of branches were evaluated to estimate biomass accumulation. At harvest, yield was estimated by weighing of bunches per plant. Branches and bunches were sampled at pruning and at harvest, respectively, for nutrient content analysis. Nutrient content and dry matter mass of branches and bunches were used to estimate total nutrient extraction. 'Niagara Rosada' grapevine grafted onto the 'IAC 572' rootstock had the highest yield and dry matter mass of bunches, which were significantly different from the ones observed in 'Niagara Rosada'/'IAC 313'. 'Niagara Rosada' grafted onto the 'IAC 572' rootstock extracted the largest quantity of K, P, Mg, S, Cu, and Fe, differing from 'IAC 313' and 'IAC 766' in K and P extraction, and from '106-8 Mgt' in Mg and S extraction. Winter pruning results in higher yield, dry matter accumulation by branches, and total nutrient content and extraction.

A aplicação de nutrientes via água de irrigação aumenta sua eficiência de utilização pelas plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da adubação potássica e da irrigação na produtividade e qualidade de frutos de bananeiras, cv. Willians, na região do Médio Paranapanema, São Paulo. Foram avaliados quatro regimes hídricos: sequeiro; 0,7 da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo); 1,4 ETo, e 2,1 ETo, combinados com quatro doses de potássio (K): 0; 300; 600 e 900 kg ha.ano-1 de K2O, aplicados semanalmente via fertirrigação. Sob sequeiro, a adubação potássica foi aplicada durante o período chuvoso, parcelada em quatro vezes. Observou-se que a adubação potássica realizada via fertirrigação interfere positivamente tanto na produção como na qualidade dos frutos de bananeiras cv. Willians. Além disso, a fertirrigação favorece maior eficiência da adubação potássica quando comparada à adubação sob sequeiro.

The application of nutrients through irrigation water increases their efficiency of utilization by plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of potassium fertilization and irrigation on the yield and fruit quality of banana cv. Willians, in the Médio Paranapanema Region, São Paulo. Four water regimes were evaluated: rainfed, 0.7 of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), 1.4 ETo and 2.1 ETo, combined with four doses of potassium: 0, 300, 600 and 900 kg ha year-1 K2O, applied weekly by fertigation. Under rainfed, potassium fertilization was applied during the rainy season, split into four times. Potassium fertigation affects positively both the production and the quality of the fruits of banana cv. Willians. In addition, the fertigation increased nutrient use efficiency when compared to fertilization under rainfed conditions.

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência dos porta-enxertos 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572', 'IAC 313' e 'IAC 571-6' na extração de nutrientes pelos ramos removidos na poda e pela colheita dos cachos da videira 'Niagara Rosada', cultivada em Votuporanga, no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Realizou-se a poda de produção em 18-08-2009, em que avaliaram a massa fresca e a massa seca dos ramos, visando a estimar o acúmulo de biomassa pelos ramos da videira. Na colheita, estimou-se a produtividade pela pesagem dos cachos/planta e do número de plantas/ha. As amostras de ramos e cachos foram submetidas à análise química de nutrientes e, baseado no acúmulo de massa seca dos ramos e na produtividade, estimou-se a extração de nutrientes. Obteve-se, com o porta-enxerto 'IAC 572', maior extração de nutrientes pelos ramos. Referente aos cachos, obteve-se maior extração de nutrientes com o porta-enxerto 'IAC 766'. A extração diferencial de nutrientes pela 'Niagara Rosada', em função do porta-enxerto, pode servir como base para a adubação dos vinhedos.

The objective was to evaluate the influence of rootstocks 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572', 'IAC 313' and 'IAC 571-6' on nutrient extraction by the branches removed by pruning, and bunches harvesting of 'Niagara Rosada', grown in Votuporanga, São Paulo state, Brazil. Pruning was done in 08/18/2009, when fresh and dry mass of branches were evaluated, aiming to estimate the biomass accumulation in the branches of the vine. At the harvest, the yield was estimated by the weight of clusters/plant and the number of plants/ha. Samples of branches and clusters were submitted to chemical analyses of nutrients and, based on the accumulation of dry mass of branches and the yield the extraction of nutrients was estimated. We observed for rootstock 'IAC 572' the higher extraction of nutrients by the branches. Referring to the extraction of nutrients by the clusters, we observed a higher extraction for the 'IAC 766'. The differential extraction of nutrients by 'Niagara Rosada' depending on the rootstock, can serve as a basis for the fertilization of the vineyards.

Com o objetivo de avaliar alterações em atributos químicos do solo, causadas pela adubação com NPK em videira 'Niagara Rosada', coletaram-se amostras de solo provenientes de um experimento de campo executado em Louveira (SP), durante quatro ciclos de produção. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial fracionado 1/2(4³), com tratamentos constituídos pelas combinações de doses de N (0; 65; 130 e 195 kg/ha de N), P (0; 60; 120 e 180 kg/ha de P2O5) e K (0; 45; 90 e 135 kg/ha de K2O) aplicados em cada ciclo de produção. As doses de N, P e K foram aplicadas em forma fracionada, empregando-se como fontes NH4NO3, superfosfato triplo e KCl, respectivamente. Na implantação do experimento, em agosto de 2005, e após quatro safras, em novembro de 2008, foram coletadas amostras de solo de 0 a 20 cm e de 20 a 40 cm de profundidade, determinando-se valores de pH (CaCl2), o teor de matéria orgânica, P, K, Ca, Mg, H+Al e calculada a soma de bases, CTC e saturação por bases. Avaliaram-se, também, a produtividade e as características físicas dos cachos e das bagas. A adubação nitrogenada em videira determinou incrementos significativos na acidez do solo. Doses baixas de P e K foram suficientes para manter o teor de P e de K do solo no mesmo nível da amostragem inicial, após quatro ciclos de produção. A produtividade e as características físicas dos cachos não foram influenciadas pela adubação com N, P e K. A adubação com N, P e K em vinhedos com alta disponibilidade de nutrientes no solo, condição comum na região de Louveira e Jundiaí, implica prejuízo econômico ao produtor, eleva os teores de nutrientes no solo acima das necessidades da cultura, podendo, ainda, aumentar o risco de contaminação ambiental.

Soil samples were analyzed with the objective of investigating changes on some soil chemical properties due to NPK fertilization of 'Niagara Rosada' grapevine. The samples were collected in a field experiment carried out in Louveira, Brazil, during four crop seasons. The experimental design was an incomplete NPK factorial 1/2(4³). The treatments were rates of N (0, 65, 130, and 195 kg/ha of N as NH4NO3), P (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg/ha of P2O5 as triple superphosphate) and K (0, 45, 90, and 135 kg/ha of K2O as KCl) applied at each crop season. Nutrient (P, K, Ca and Mg) availability some chemical properties (organic matter, pH CaCl2, H+Al and base saturation) were evaluated through samples carried out in the experiment implantation (August, 2005) and after four production cycles (November, 2008). Soil samples were collected from layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Fruit yield and some physical characteristics of bunches and berries were evaluated. Soil pH decreased with increasing in N rates. Low rates of P and K were sufficient to maintain soil P and K at the same concentration as found prior to the experiment. Grapevine production was not affected by NPK fertilization. The application of NPK fertilizers in vineyards with soils with high nutrient availability implies economic losses and environmental contamination risk.

Foi realizado um experimento de campo num Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, em Agudos-SP (22º30'S; 49º03'W), com o objetivo de determinar os efeitos de fontes e doses de fertilizante potássico no estado nutricional de abacaxi 'Smooth Cayenne' e em alguns atributos químicos do solo. Empregou-se um arranjo fatorial com quatro doses (0; 175; 350 e 700 kg ha-1 de K2O) e três combinações de fontes (100% KCl, 100% K2SO4 e 40% K2SO4 + 60% KCl). A amostragem de solo foi realizada nas camadas de 0 a 20 cm, 20 a 40 cm e de 40 a 60 cm na época do plantio e 14 meses depois. O estado nutricional dos abacaxizeiros foi avaliado por meio de análise foliar. A disponibilidade de K no solo aumentou em função das doses, independentemente da fonte empregada. A concentração de cloro no solo e seu teor nas folhas de abacaxizeiro cresceram com a aplicação de KCl e de K2SO4+KCl. A absorção de potássio pelo abacaxizeiro apresentou correlação significativa com as doses de K aplicadas, independentemente da fonte.

A field experiment was carried out on an Ultisol located at the city of Agudos (22º30'S; 49º03'W), in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, in order to determine the effects of rates and sources of potassium fertilizer on nutritional status of 'Smooth Cayenne' pineapple and on some soil chemical properties. The experiment was a complete factorial design with four rates (0, 175, 350, and 700 kg ha-1 of K2O) and three combinations of K sources (100% KCl, 100% K2SO4 and 40% K2SO4 + 60% KCl). Soil samples were taken from the depths 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm at planting and 14 months after. Nutritional status of pineapple plants was assessed by means of tissue analysis. Soil K availability increased with application of K fertilizer, regardless of K sources. Soil chlorine and Cl concentration in pineapple leaves increased with application of KCl or K2SO4+KCl. Plant uptake of potassium was shaped by soil K availability and by the application rates of K fertilizer, independently of K sources.

Foi realizado um experimento de campo com abacaxizeiro Smooth Cayenne num Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo localizado em Agudos-SP (22º30'S; 49º03'W), com o objetivo de determinar os efeitos de doses e fontes de potássio no crescimento e produção das plantas. O experimento foi estabelecido em blocos casualizados com os tratamentos dispostos em arranjo fatorial (4x3), com quatro doses (0; 175; 350 e 700 kg ha-1 of K2O) e três combinações de fontes de K (100% KCl, 100% K2SO4 e 40% K2SO4 + 60% KCl). Foram avaliados aspectos do crescimento e produção de frutos. A acumulação de biomassa pelas plantas foi prejudicada pelo cloreto fornecido com o uso de KCl. A produção de frutos aumentou em resposta à adubação potássica. Com as maiores doses de K, a aplicação de K2SO4 mostrou-se mais vantajosa do que a de KCl. Os efeitos negativos do KCl foram associados ao excesso de cloreto para o abacaxizeiro.

A field experiment with pineapple (Smooth Cayenne) was carried out on an Ultisol located in the city of Agudos (22º30'S; 49º03'W), in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, with the objective of investigating the effects of rates and sources of potassium fertilizer on plant growth and fruit yield. The experiment was a complete factorial design (4x3) with four rates (0, 175, 350, and 700 kg ha-1 of K2O) and three combinations of K sources (100% KCl, 100% K2SO4, and 40% K2SO4 + 60% KCl). Plant growth and fruit yield were evaluated. Biomass accumulation of pineapple plants was impaired by chlorine added with potassium chloride. Fruit yield increased with potassium fertilization. At high rates of K application, fertilization with K2SO4 showed better results than with KCl. Detrimental effects of KCl were associated with excess of chlorine.

A fertilização de bananeiras com micronutrientes é pouco estudada, principalmente a aplicação de boro (B) que apresenta funções ligadas ao desenvolvimento de meristemas apicais. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar as respostas da adubação com B em diferentes doses e formas de aplicação em bananeira 'Grande Naine'. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental em esquema fatorial com três doses (0,85; 1,70 e 3,40 g planta-1) e três formas de aplicação do fertilizante (solo, folhas e orifício do perfilho desbastado), utilizando-se de ácido bórico como fonte de B, mais uma testemunha sem aplicação de B. Avaliaram-se os efeitos dos tratamentos na disponibilidade do B no solo, no desenvolvimento, no estado nutricional e na produção de frutos das bananeiras. A aplicação de B no solo e nas folhas aumentou a disponibilidade do micronutriente na camada superficial do solo (entre 1,0-1,5 mg kg-1, para a maior dose do nutriente) e correspondente aumento até 20-40 cm, como resultado da lixiviação. A contribuição da adubação foliar no aumento do teor no solo deveu-se à lavagem e ao escorrimento da solução fertilizante das folhas para a superfície do solo. Por outro lado, não houve efeito do B quando aplicado no orifício do perfilho desbastado (~0,3 mg kg-1 de B). Também, verificou-se que não houve efeitos da aplicação de B no desenvolvimento da bananeira (altura e diâmetro do pseudocaule) medidos após a emissão da inflorescência. Nas amostragens quinzenais, os teores foliares de B, quando aplicado no orifício do perfilho desbastado, foram maiores e prolongaram-se por até um mês após a aplicação na bananeira. Porém, na última amostragem foliar (emissão da inflorescência), não houve efeito da forma de aplicação nos teores foliares de B (~20 mg kg-1). Não foram observados efeitos da fertilização na produção de frutos em função das doses e formas de aplicação do B, porém a aplicação no orifício do perfilho desbastado promoveu acúmulo do micronutriente no cacho. Nas condições deste trabalho, concluiu-se que a aplicação de B não influenciou no desenvolvimento e na produção da bananeira 'Grande Naine' em função das doses e formas de aplicação do micronutriente.

The fertilization with micronutrients is poorly studied for banana production, especially boron (B) application, which affects the development of apical meristems. This experiment aimed to study responses of B fertilization with different rates and application methods in banana plant 'Grande Naine'. The experimental design was in randomized block and factorial scheme with three rates (0.85, 1.70 and 3.40 g plant-1) and three fertilizer application methods (soil, leaves and tiller hole chopped) and a control, without B application, using boric acid as the source of B. Treatments effects were evaluated by B availability on soil, plant grown, plant nutritional status and by the yield. Treatments effects were submitted to variance analysis and when significant it was adjusted by regression equations. The B application on soil and in the leaves increased this micronutrient content in topsoil (between 1.0-1.5 mg kg-1, with the highest rate of the nutrient) and a corresponding increase up the soil layer to 20-40 cm, as a result of leaching. The contribution of foliar fertilization increasing the content in the soil was due to the washing and by draining the fertilizer solution from the leaves to the soil surface. Moreover, there was no effect of B availability in the soil when the fertilizer was applied in the tiller hole chopped (~0.3 mg kg-1 of B). It was also verified that there were no effects of B application on banana plant growth (height and pseudostem diameter) at the blooming stage. In leaf samples, collected each 15 days, it was observed that when the micronutrient was applied in the tiller hole chopped, leaf B concentration was higher and lasted up for one month. However, in the last foliar sampling (at blooming) it was observed that there was no effect of application methods on leaf B concentration (~20 mg kg-1). There were no effects of fertilization in yield according to rates and application methods of B, but the application on the tiller hole chopped promoted an increased accumulation of this micronutrient in the bunch due to the applied rates. Under the conditions of this experiment, it can be concluded that B application did not influenced the development and production of banana plant 'Grande Naine' according to the rates and application methods of this micronutrient.

Realizou-se um levantamento nutricional em 93 vinhedos nas regiões vitícolas de Jundiaí, São Miguel Arcanjo e Jales, no Estado de São Paulo, tendo por objetivo comparar os teores de nutrientes em amostras foliares, o teor de nitrato e de potássio na seiva do pecíolo e o índice relativo de clorofila (IRC) da videira 'Niagara Rosada'. Em 20 plantas selecionadas de cada vinhedo, amostraram-se folha inteira, limbo e pecíolo no pleno florescimento da videira. Posteriormente, realizou-se a medição do IRC no limbo e dos teores de NO3- e de K+ na seiva dos pecíolos. Nas amostras foliares, foram determinados os teores de macro e micronutrientes. Os vinhedos amostrados foram agrupados em função da região de estudo, sendo que cada vinhedo representou uma repetição, totalizando 45; 24 e 24 repetições, respectivamente, nas regiões de Jundiaí, São Miguel Arcanjo e Jales. Nos vinhedos selecionados da região de Jales, as plantas apresentaram maiores teores foliares de P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe e Mn, além de maiores IRC e teores de nitrato e potássio no pecíolo. Estas variações nos teores foliares foram relacionadas aos porta-enxertos utilizados nas regiões de estudo, sendo o 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572' e 'Ripária do Traviú', respectivamente, nas regiões de Jundiaí, Jales e São Miguel Arcanjo. Evidenciou-se a necessidade de se adequarem as faixas de concentração de nutrientes nas análises foliares, mediante ensaios regionais, levando em consideração o porta-enxerto e a região em estudo.

A nutritional survey was carried out in 93 vineyards of the wine regions of Jundiaí, São Miguel Arcanjo and Jales (state of São Paulo-Brazil), aiming to compare the nutrient concentration in leaf samples, the concentration of nitrate and potassium in the petiole sap and the relative chlorophyll index (IRC) of 'Niagara Rosada' vineyard. Leaves, blade and petiole in full bloom vines were sampled in 20 plants selected from each vineyard, and evaluations of the IRC in the leaf blade and the levels of NO3- and K in the petioles sap were carried out. Macro and micronutrients concentrations were measured in leaf samples. The sampled vineyards were grouped by region of study, and each vineyard was considered as a replicate sample, totaling 45, 24 and 24 repetitions, in Jundiai, São Miguel Arcanjo and Jales, respectively. Sampled vineyards from the Jales region showed higher leaf concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe and Mn, and also higher IRC and levels of nitrate and potassium in the petiole. These differences were related to the different rootstocks used, that were 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572' and 'Riparia of Traviú', respectively, for Jundiaí, Jales and São Miguel Arcanjo. The differences highlight the need to adjust the concentration ranges of nutrients in leaf analysis, through regional trials, taking into account the rootstock and the region under study.