Abstract This cross-sectional study compared the indicative of Muscle dysmorphia in CrossFit athletes. Participants were 276 male and female CrossFit athletes with an average age of 28.56 ± 8.08 years. A questionnaire was used with questions about age, practice time and frequency of Crossfit practice, as well as the questionnaire of the Adonis complex. Data analysis was conducted through Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney tests, and Spearman correlation (p<0.05). The adopted significance was p<0.05. The results showed that men obtained higher indicative of muscle dysmorphia in comparison to women as well as competitive athletes showed higher score than recreational athletes (p<0.05). It was found significant (p<0.05) and negative correlation of the indicative of muscle dysmorphia with training frequency (Rho=-0.51) among recreational athletes, and positive correlation (Rho=0.19) among competitors. It is concluded that being male and having a competitive profile are actors in the presence of Muscle dysmorphia in CrossFit athletes. crosssectional cross sectional 27 2856 28 56 28.5 808 8 08 8.0 years complex KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov MannWhitney Mann Whitney tests p005 p p<0.05 . 0 05 (p<0.05 Rho=0.51 Rho051 Rho Rho= 0.51 51 (Rho=-0.51 Rho=0.19 Rho019 19 (Rho=0.19 competitors 2 285 5 28. 80 8. p00 p<0.0 (p<0.0 Rho=0.5 Rho05 051 0.5 (Rho=-0.5 Rho=0.1 Rho01 1 (Rho=0.1 p0 p<0. (p<0. Rho=0. Rho0 0. (Rho=-0. (Rho=0. p<0 (p<0 Rho=0 (Rho=-0 (Rho=0 p< (p< (Rho=- (Rho= (p (Rho

Resumo Este estudo transversal comparou o indicativo de dismorfia muscular em praticantes de crossfit. Participaram da pesquisa 276 praticantes de CrossFit, de ambos os sexos, com idade média de 28,56 ± 8,08 anos. Utilizou-se um questionário com perguntas sobre idade, tempo e frequência da prática do Crossfit, além do questionário do complexo Adonis. A análise de dados foi conduzida por meio dos testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e Mann-Whitney, e a correlação de Spearman (p<0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que os homens apresentaram maior indicativo de dismorfia muscular em quando comparados às mulheres assim como os competidores apresentaram escores superiores do que os praticantes recreacionais (p<0,05). Verificou-se correlação significativa (p<0,05) e negativa do indicativo de dismorfia muscular com a frequência de treinamento (Rho=-0.51) entre os praticantes recreacionais, e correlação positiva (Rho=0.19) entre os competidores. Concluiu-se que ser homem e ter um perfil competitivo são fatores que podem desencadear a dismorfia muscular em praticantes de crossfit. crossfit 27 CrossFit sexos 2856 28 56 28,5 808 8 08 8,0 anos Utilizouse Utilizou se Crossfit Adonis KolmogorovSmirnov Kolmogorov Smirnov MannWhitney, MannWhitney Mann Whitney, Whitney Mann-Whitney p<0,05. p005 p p<0,05 . 0 05 Verificouse Verificou (p<0,05 Rho=0.51 Rho051 Rho Rho= 0.51 51 (Rho=-0.51 Rho=0.19 Rho019 19 (Rho=0.19 Concluiuse Concluiu 2 285 5 28, 80 8, p00 p<0,0 (p<0,0 Rho=0.5 Rho05 051 0.5 (Rho=-0.5 Rho=0.1 Rho01 1 (Rho=0.1 p0 p<0, (p<0, Rho=0. Rho0 0. (Rho=-0. (Rho=0. p<0 (p<0 Rho=0 (Rho=-0 (Rho=0 p< (p< (Rho=- (Rho= (p (Rho

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the effects of 12 weeks of a progressive resistance training (PRT) intervention on postural balance and concerns about falling in older adults. This study is a randomized controlled trial. Fifty men and women, community-dwelling older adults (aged 60 and older), were randomly assigned to a PRT (n= 25) or control group (n= 25). Participants allocated to the PRT performed a supervised RT program for 12-weeks (three times per week; three sets of 10-15 repetition maximum of nine whole-body exercises). Control group participants did not perform any structured exercise. Outcomes were obtained at baseline and follow-up and included postural balance assessment using the centre of pressure (CoP) variables. Concerns about falling and leg extension muscle strength were also evaluated using the falls efficacy scale international (FESI) and 1-RM, respectively. At the end of the intervention, PRT did not improve anteroposterior and mediolateral amplitude and velocity, and total velocity and area of CoP in any condition (bipodal, with eyes open and closed — p> 0.05 for all) or concerns about falling (mean difference: +1 point; 95%CI −2; +5). Conversely, compared with the control group, participants in the PRT demonstrated muscle strength gains in the leg extension exercise (+19 kg; 95%CI +3; +35) after the intervention. In summary, 12-weeks of PRT did not improve postural balance or concerns about falling in healthy older adults.

Abstract Aim: Resistance exercise (RE) is a widely accepted strategy to counteract the effects of aging and chronic diseases on health-related outcomes. Studies have been suggested that RE improves brain and cognitive health. RE with unstable devices (REI) is a neuromotor complexity strategy with the potential to improve strength, power, and balance in onder adults, however, their effects on neurocognitive function in individuals at risk of cognitive decline are poorly understood. Thus, we describe the REI study protocol, a randomized clinical trial design to assess the effects of 12-weeks of REI and RE on neurocognitive functions in older adults with subjective cognitive complaints. Methods: The sample will consist of individuals (aged 65 or older) with subjective cognitive complaints, who will be randomized in one of three experimental groups: control, RE or REI. Participants of the RE group will receive 12-weeks of progressive resistance training (seven exercises structured into 3 sets of 10-15 repetitions maximum, three times per week). Participants of the REI group will receive the same RE protocol performed on unstable devices that promote progressive instability. The control group received a health education program. The primary outcome is a composite score of neurocognitive functions. Secondary outcomes include each separately neurocognitive domain, functional performance, balance, falls-related parameters, cardiovascular and mood variables. The study results will provide information to design a future and larger preventive trial on populations at risk of cognitive decline and dementia, which is imperative in public health terms. Trial registration: Brazilian registry of clinical trials number RBR-4kqs22.