Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do sistema de cultivo tradicional em água clara e do em bioflocos sobre os estados antioxidante e imunológico do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei. Amostras (brânquia, hemolinfa e hepatopâncreas) foram coletadas nos dias 15, 30 e 60 do período experimental. Os seguintes parâmetros imunológicos foram analisados a cada tempo amostral: hemócitos granulares e hialinos, proteína total e apoptose. Também foram realizados ensaios da atividade da glutamato-cisteína ligase (GCL) e das concentrações de glutationa reduzida (GSH) e de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). Os parâmetros imunológicos avaliados não diferiram significativamente entre os tratamentos. Os camarões criados em água clara apresentaram maiores níveis de peroxidação lipídica nas brânquias e de GCL na hemolinfa nos dias 15 e 30. Camarões em bioflocos apresentaram maior taxa de sobrevivência, e a água não precisou ser renovada durante o período experimental. O sistema de bioflocos melhora os níveis de produtividade e promove um ambiente de cultivo mais saudável.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the traditional culture system in clear water and of the one in microbial flocs on the antioxidant and immunological status of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp. Samples (gill, hemolymph, and hepatopancreas) were collected on days 15, 30, and 60 of the experimental period. The following immunological parameters were analyzed at each evaluation time: granular and hyaline hemocytes, total protein, and apoptosis. Assays on glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activity and on the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were also performed. The evaluated immunological parameters did not differ significantly between treatments. Shrimp reared in clear water showed higher levels of lipid peroxidation in the gills and of GCL activity in the hemolymph on days 15 and 30. Shrimp in microbial floc had a higher survival rate, and the water did not have to be renewed during the experimental period. The microbial floc system improves production levels and provides a healthier culture environment.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de probióticos na produção de pós-larvas do camarão-rosa (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com dois tratamentos - uso de probióticos (Bacillus spp.) e controle com uso de antibiótico (eritromicina) - e quatro repetições. Pós-larvas no estágio PL1 foram estocadas em cada parcela experimental (3,0 L) e cultivadas até o estágio PL10. As variáveis de qualidade de água e o desenvolvimento de bactérias do gênero Vibrio, na água de cultivo, foram monitorados ao longo do experimento. Ao final do período experimental, as pós-larvas foram avaliadas qualitativamente e quanto à sobrevivência, ao peso e ao comprimento. Nas variáveis de qualidade de água, apenas o nitrito apresentou valor significativamente maior no tratamento com antibiótico. Para as variáveis peso e comprimento final, não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos quanto à qualidade das pós-larvas e à concentração de Vibrio spp. na água. A utilização de antibiótico pode ser substituída pelo emprego de probióticos durante a produção de pós-larvas de F. brasiliensis.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the use of probiotics in the production of postlarvae of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis). A completely randomized experimental design was used, with two treatments - use of probiotics (Bacillus spp.), and a control using antibiotic (erythromycin) -, and four replicates. Postlarvae in the PL1 stage were stocked in each experimental unit (3.0 L) and cultured until stage PL10. Water quality variables and the development of the bacteria of the genus Vibrio, in the culture water, were monitored throughout the experiment. At the end of the experimental period, postlarvae were evaluated qualitatively and for survival, weight, and length. Regarding water quality variables, only nitrite was significantly higher in the antibiotic treatment. For the variables weight and length, there were no significant differences between treatments. No significant differences between treatments were observed in postlarvae quality and in the concentration of Vibrio spp. in the water. The use of antibiotics may be replaced by probiotics during production of F. brasiliensis postlarvae.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of Bacillus cereus var. toyoi and Saccharomyces boulardii as probiotics to improve Rhamdia quelen culture. Six hundred larvaes (0.16±0.07 g) were divided in three replicate tanks (25-L recirculation, 20 ºC, photoperiod of 12 h light/12 h darkness) per treatment and were randomly assigned to the following treatments: Bacillus cereus var. toyoi; Saccharomyces boulardii; B. toyoi and S. boulardii; and control (without probiotic addition) for a period of 30 days. The fish were fed five times daily (56% crude protein - Supra alevino inicial®) and the probiotics were applied in water once a day. The doses of probiotics were <img src="/img/revistas/rbz/v41n3/aproximadamente.jpg">5 × 10(8) and <img src="/img/revistas/rbz/v41n3/aproximadamente.jpg">2 × 10(9) CFU (colony forming unit)/mL for B. cereus var. toyoi and S. boulardii, respectively. Both probiotics have an inhibitory effect in vitro against Vibrio carchariae and are able to grow in media prepared with fishery water; however, no effect was observed on growth parameters when they were administered to Rhamdia quelen larvae.