Aspectos epidemiológicos da doença meningocócica registrados a partir da segunda metade da década de 80 impulsionaram as autoridades de saúde pública a discutirem as medidas de controle disponíveis. A ocorrência da doença entre adolescentes e o registro de surtos envolvendo escolas são os dois pontos que mais pressionaram uma revisão das medidas de controle disponíveis. O uso das vacinas antimeningocócicas polissacarídeas e as recomendações para o controle de surtos localizados (clusters) são outros aspectos que mereceram atenção recentemente. Objetivou, assim, apresentar um panorama atual de alguns aspectos da epidemiologia e do controle dos casos secundários da doença meningocócica.

Epidemiological features of meningococcal disease described as from the second half of the 80's inclusive, have motivated a revision of current guidelines for sporadic disease and outbreak control. The increase of disease among teenagers and linked cases involving schools are the two most significant aspects that have prompted the revision of control measures. Vaccination routines and advice for the disease management of clusters are also relevant features recently revised. This present paper describes the management and some epidemiological features of secondary cases.

Aspectos epidemiológicos da doença meningocócica registrados a partir da segunda metade da década de 80 impulsionaram as autoridades de saúde pública a discutirem as medidas de controle disponíveis. A ocorrência da doença entre adolescentes e o registro de surtos envolvendo escolas são os dois pontos que mais pressionaram uma revisão das medidas de controle disponíveis. O uso das vacinas antimeningocócicas polissacarídeas e as recomendações para o controle de surtos localizados (clusters) são outros aspectos que mereceram atenção recentemente. Objetivou, assim, apresentar um panorama atual de alguns aspectos da epidemiologia e do controle dos casos secundários da doença meningocócica.

Epidemiological features of meningococcal disease described as from the second half of the 80's inclusive, have motivated a revision of current guidelines for sporadic disease and outbreak control. The increase of disease among teenagers and linked cases involving schools are the two most significant aspects that have prompted the revision of control measures. Vaccination routines and advice for the disease management of clusters are also relevant features recently revised. This present paper describes the management and some epidemiological features of secondary cases.

Using different bacteriological (urease test, Gram staining and culture) and histological (Steiner staining and modified Giemsa staining) techniques, we searched for the presence of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric antrum of 200 dyspeptic Brazilian patients (106 females and 94 males aged 19 days to 81 years). The presence of bacteria was then correlated with the endoscopic and histological findings. H. pylori was present in 59.5 of the population studied. In Brazil, colonization occurs early, involving 37 of the dyspeptic population by 20 years of age. The presence of H. pylori in the gastric antrum was strongly associated with duodenal ulcer (P < 0.001) and a normal endoscopic examination did not exclude the possibility of colonization of the gastric antrum by H. pylori. The most sensitive test was the preformed urease test (89). We conclude that more than one diagnostic method should preferably be used for the detection of H. pylori and that the presence of H. pylori is closely correlated with active chronic gastritis (P < 0.001).