Invertases desempenham um papel essencial no particionamento de fotossintatos entre armazenamento e crescimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade das enzimas invertases ácida e alcalina (neutra) e o papel que desempenham no controle do acúmulo de sacarose em cana-de-açúcar, como resultado da aplicação de reguladores vegetais no início da época de colheita. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de três reguladores vegetais da classe dos inibidores de crescimento (Sulfometuron-metil - 20g ha-1, Glifosato - 0,4L ha-1, e Compostos de radicais carboxílicos orgânicos + Glifosato - 1L ha-1 + 0,15L ha-1), além do controle (maturação natural). Os níveis das invertases ácida e neutra são afetados de maneiras e intensidades distintas, devido ao princípio ativo utilizado como agente de maturação e das condições meteorológicas. Para a variedade RB85-5453, nas condições descritas neste experimento, sugerem-se níveis elevados de SAI em relação à NI;no entanto, a primeira foi caracterizada por um elevado teor de sacarose nos colmos. Correlação inversa pode ser estabelecida entre a atividade da invertase ácida e o acúmulo de sacarose.

Invertases play an essential role in partitioning photosynthates between storage and growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of acid and neutral invertases and the role they play in controlling the accumulation of sucrose in sugarcane as a result of the application of plant regulators in the beginning of the cropping season.A randomized block experimental design was adopted, with five replicates.The treatments consisted in the application of three plant regulators of the class of growth inhibitors (Sulfomethuron-methyl - 20g ha-1, Glyphosate - 0.4L ha-1, and Compounds from organic carboxylic radicals + Glyphosate - 1L ha-1 + 0.15L ha-1), in addition to a control (natural ripening).The acid and neutral invertase levels are affected in different ways and intensities, due to the active principle used as ripening agent and to the weather conditions.In sugarcane variety RB85-5453, with the conditions described in this experiment, it is suggested high levels of soluble acid invertase in relation to levels of neutral invertase; however, the first was characterized by high sucrose content in the stalks.Inverse correlation could be established for sugarcane variety RB85-5453 between soluble acid invertase levels and effective sucrose accumulation in the stalks.

Introduction Brachytherapy is an option for treating low-risk prostate cancer (PC). Biochemical control of low-risk disease can reach 95%. The practice advocated is that a review of prostate biopsies should be mandatory before choosing the best treatment for patients with PC. Our objective was to evaluate the change in PC risk after review of a prostate biopsy by an experienced uropathologist at a reference hospital. Materials and Methods Between December 2003 and August 2012, 182 men were referred to our institution for brachytherapy to treat PC. Their slides were reviewed by the same uropathologist. Results and Discussion Classification risk disagreement occurred in 71 (39%) cases, including one in which no tumor was observed. The main cause of risk change was related to the Gleason score (GS), with 57 (81.4%) cases upgraded to GS 7 or 8. Tumor volume was also compared, although only the number of fragments was reported in most original reports. The concordance of the number of cores affected by tumor was 43.9%, and in 49% of the cases, the number was decreased by the uropathologist. Perineural invasion (PNI) was reported in one quarter of original reports, and the agreement was 58%. Conclusion Slide review by an uropathologist remains essential at reference radiotherapy centers for the treatment of PC. The change in PC risk evaluation is mainly due to the GS, but tumor volume and PNI, which are important for the characterization of tumor aggressiveness, are also misinterpreted and could drive a change in the therapy choice.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar, variedade RB855453, nas diversas porções do colmo, decorrente da aplicação de maturadores com diferentes mecanismos de ação e a influência na produtividade e na margem de contribuição agrícola. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com seis repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se da aplicação de três maturadores, sendo dois da classe dos inibidores do crescimento - glifosato, sulfometuron metil, e um da classe dos retardantes do crescimento - KNO3, com a adição de 1% de óleo vegetal, e a maturação natural como testemunha. Os tratamentos com KNO3 e sulfometuron metil, assim como a testemunha, não promoveram prejuízos ao desenvolvimento dos colmos. Os tratamentos com glifosato e sulfometuron metil propiciaram melhoria na qualidade tecnológica da matéria-prima, determinada até os 35 dias após aplicação, contribuindo para o processo de maturação e possibilitando antecipar o corte em relação à maturação natural (testemunha) e ao tratamento com KNO3, propiciando maior retorno econômico. O tratamento com glifosato reduziu a produtividade de colmos, mas elevou a pol da cana na porção superior dos colmos, possibilitando maior altura de desponte.

The objective of this research was to evaluate the technological quality of sugarcane, variety RB855453, in different portions of the stalks after the application of ripeners with distinct mechanisms of action and the effects on productivity and agricultural contribution margin. The experimental design was the completely randomized block with six replications. The treatments consisted of the application of three ripeners (two of them within the class of growth inhibitors - glyphosate, sulfometuron methyl) and one within the class of growth retardants (KNO3), with the addition 1% of vegetable oil, and the control (natural ripening). Treatments with KNO3 and sulfometuron methyl, as well as control, did not cause any damage to the development of stalks. Treatments with glyphosate and sulfometuron methyl increased technological quality of the raw material, evaluated up to 35 days after application; this contributed to the ripening process and allowed harvest to occur in advance when compared to the control (natural ripening) and the treatment with KNO3, increasing the profit. Treatment with glyphosate reduced productivity of stalks, but increased pol in cane in the superior portion of the stalks, which increased cutting height.

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar características físicas e químicas em acerolas provenientes de oito regiões do Estado de São Paulo. Os frutos foram colhidos de março a abril de 2003. Os dados foram avaliados em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Os resultados médios de peso por fruto variaram de 6,92g a 9,60g, e os oriundos de pomar situados em Guariba, Pioneiros e Guará foram os que apresentaram os maiores valores. As médias do índice de formato do fruto e do diâmetro transversal oscilaram de 0,86 a 1,24 e 2,02 a 2,37cm, respectivamente, e a coloração da casca foi mais vermelha nas acerolas oriundas de pomar de Bonfim Paulista e Aparecida do Salto. A textura dos frutos variou de 144,73 a 246,00 N.cm-2, e as acerolas colhidas em pomares de Bonfim Paulista, Aparecida do Salto e Guará apresentaram-se menos firmes. Os teores de sólidos solúveis totais variaram de 5,67 a 8,22ºBrix, sendo maiores em acerolas colhidas em pomar situado em Porto Ferreira e Guará. O pH variou de 2,39 a 4,00, a acidez total titulável de 0,504 a 1,112g de ácido málico por 100g de polpa e os de açúcares solúveis totais de 3,06 a 8,42g de glicose por 100g de polpa. As acerolas oriundas de pomares situados em Aparecida do Salto e Ituverava foram as que apresentaram os maiores valores de ácido ascórbico.

The physical and chemical characteristics of West Indian cherry from 8 regions of cultivation in São Paulo state were evaluated by this paper. The fruits were harvested from March to April 2003. The results were evaluated in an experimental delineation totally randomized. The average results of weight varied from 3.56 to 7.29g and it was highest in West Indian cherry fruits harvested in orchards from Guariba, Guará and Pioneiros region. The average sharp index and diameter oscillated from 0.86 to 1.24 and 2.02 to 2.37cm, respectively. The West Indian cherry fruits from orchards situated in Bonfim Paulista and Aparecida do Salto presented the highest red color. The fruit firmness varied from 144.73 to 246.00 N.cm-2, and the fruits harvested in orchards situated in Bonfim Paulista, Aparecida do Salto and Guará region presented the smallest fruits firmness. The ºBrix ranged from 5.67 to 8.22, and it was highest in West Indian cherry fruits harvested in orchards from Porto Ferreira and Guará region suggesting a small potential for postharvest conservation. The pH varied from 2.39 to 4.00, the titrable acidity, expressed as g of malic acid per 100g, ranged from 0.504 to 1.112 and the soluble sugar content ranged from 3.06 to 8.42g of glicose per 100g. The West Indian cherry fruits harvested in orchards situated in Bonfim Paulista, Aparecida do Salto and Ituverava region showed the highest ascorbic acid value.