ABSTRACT Justicia calycina is a subshrub well distributed in northern South America. Despite its widespread occurrence, little is known about its anatomy and plasticity in different environments. Our study aimed to evaluate how leaf anatomical traits of J. calycina adjust in forest areas with variations in canopy openness in the Southern Amazon, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Forest areas were: Open and Dense Ombrophilous Forest, and Seasonal Deciduous Forest (rocky outcrop). We performed anatomical measurements in leaves sampled on 10 individuals in each forest site, with the help of usual anatomy techniques. Foliar anatomy of J. calycina showed similar pattern among the studied forests, with significant difference (p<0.05) in four leaf traits among 22 studied: vascular bundle diameter, palisade parenchyma thickness, stomatal density and trichome density in adaxial epidermis. These leaf traits showed high plasticity index, with higher values in Dense Forest and in Deciduous Forest. Even though J. calycina showed overall little anatomical variation among forest types, the few attributes that differed are fundamental in the photosynthesis process. The adjustment in leaf anatomical traits under different luminosity conditions demonstrates a degree of phenotypic plasticity in the species, which contributes to its distribution in different forest phytophysiognomies in Brazilian Amazonia.

Resumo Qualea é um gênero comumente encontrado em diferentes fisionomias do cerrado brasileiro, crescendo em ecossistemas abertos até áreas florestais fechadas, sujeitos à alta irradiância, incêndios, baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes e deficit hídrico sazonal. Comparam-se aqui, atributos estruturais foliares de Qualea grandiflora Mart., Qualea multiflora Mart., e Qualea parviflora Mart., em uma área de cerradão na transição entre os biomas Cerrado-Amazônia. Amostras foliares foram coletadas na Reserva Biológica Municipal Mário Viana, Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso - Brasil, e processadas segundo as técnicas usuais para microscopia óptica. Cutícula espessa, cristas estomáticas, estômatos distribuídos entre as criptas estomáticas, densidade e distribuição dos tricomas tectores, hipoderme, mesofilo isobilateral com poucos espaços intercelulares, abundância de esclerênquima associado aos feixes vasculares e presença de extensões de bainha do feixe vascular são atributos anatômicos típicos de ambientes xerófilos. Encontraram-se diferenças estruturais qualitativas entre as espécies, com Qualea grandiflora apresentando estômatos com cristas distribuídos entre criptas estomáticas, e a presença de hipoderme em Qualea multiflora, e Qualea parviflora. Os resultados sugerem que as espécies são xeromórficas na região de transição Cerrado-Amazônia e que possuem atributos foliares adaptativos para lidar com as variações ambientais do seu habitat.

Abstract Qualea genus is commonly found in different phytophysiognomies of the Brazilian Cerrado, growing in open ecosystems to closed forest areas, under high irradiances, fires, low availability of nutrients and seasonal water deficit. We compared the leaf structural traits of Qualea grandiflora Mart., Qualea multiflora Mart., and Qualea parviflora Mart., in a cerradão area in the Cerrado-Amazonian forest transition. Leaf samples were collected at Mário Viana Municipal Biological Reserve, in Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso state, Brasil, and processed according to the usual techniques for optical microscopy. Thick cuticle, stomatal ridges, stomata distributed between the stomatal crypts, density and distribution of tector trichomes, hypodermis, isobilateral mesophyll with few intercellular spaces, abundance of sclerenchyma associated to vascular bundles and the presence of vascular bundle sheath extensions are typical anatomic traits of xerophytic environments. We found qualitative structural differences among the species, with Qualea grandiflora having stomata with ridges distributed among stomatal crypts, and the presence of a hypodermis in Qualea multiflora, and Qualea parviflora. The results suggest that the species are xeromorphic in the region of Cerrado-Amazonian transition having leaf adaptive traits to deal with the environmental variations of their habitat.