ABSTRACT: In order to establish protocols that can contribute to the propagation of medicinal plants, this study evaluated the effect of hydropriming and substrates on the emergence and production of Calendula officinalis L. seedlings. Seeds were submitted or not to hydropriming for 24 hours, and subsequent sowing in four substrates: S1) 100% Dystroferric Red Latosol - DRL, S2) DRL + coarse sand (1:1 v/v), S3) DRL + Tropstrato® commercial substrate (1:1 v/v) and S4) 100% Tropstrato®, and kept in greenhouse with 50% shading. Higher emergence percentage in substrates with the presence of DRL was observed. Seed hydropriming impaired seedling emergence, but contributed to root growth, biomass production and seedling quality. The 100% Tropstrato® substrate favored higher dry mass production and seedling quality. Positive linear correlation (≥ 0.70) was observed between shoot and root growth characteristics with biomass production and Dickson’s quality index. Principal component analysis explained 78.95% of the experimental variance, excluding the first count and the shoot/root ratio with low representativeness. In the cluster analysis of Euclidean distances, seedlings with the greatest similarity were those produced with 100% DRL and DRL + Tropstrato® with and without hydropriming, respectively. Dystroferric Red Latosol is recommended pure or combined with Tropstrato® for the production of C. officinalis L seedlings, and the hydropriming impaired seedling emergence characteristics. ABSTRACT plants 2 hours S1 S 100 S2 11 1 (1: v/v, vv v/v , v S3 Tropstrato S4 50 shading ≥ ( 0.70 070 0 70 Dicksons Dickson s index 7895 78 95 78.95 variance shootroot representativeness distances respectively C 10 (1 5 0.7 07 7 789 9 78.9 0. 78.

RESUMO: Com a finalidade de estabelecer protocolos que possam contribuir na propagação de plantas medicinais, objetivamos, com este estudo, avaliar o efeito do hidrocondicionamento e substratos na emergência e produção de mudas de Calendula officinalis L. As sementes foram submetidas ou não ao hidrocondicionamento durante 24 horas, e posterior semeadura em quatro substratos: S1) 100% Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico - LVD, S2) LVD + areia grossa (1:1, v/v), S3) LVD + substrato comercial Tropstrato® (1:1, v/v) e S4) 100% Tropstrato®, e mantidas em viveiro com 50% de sombreamento. Observamos maior percentagem de emergência nos substratos com presença de LVD. O hidrocondicionamento das sementes prejudicou a emergência das plântulas, mas contribuiu no crescimento de raiz, produção de biomassa e qualidade das mudas. O substrato 100% Tropstrato® favoreceu maior produção de massa seca e qualidade das mudas. Observamos correlação linear positiva (≥ 0,70) entre as características de crescimento da parte aérea e raiz com produção de biomassa e o índice de qualidade de Dickson. A análise de componentes principais explicou 78,95% da variância experimental, excluindo a primeira contagem e a relação parte aérea/raiz com baixa representatividade. Na análise de agrupamento das distâncias Euclidianas, as mudas com maior similaridade foram aquelas produzidas no 100% LVD e LVD + Tropstrato® com e sem hidrocondicionamento, respectivamente. Recomenda-se o Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico puro ou combinado com Tropstrato® para a produção de mudas de C. officinalis L., e o hidrocondicionamento prejudicou as características de emergência das plântulas. RESUMO medicinais objetivamos estudo L 2 horas S1 S 100 S2 11, 11 1 1, (1:1 v/v, vv v/v , v S3 Tropstrato S4 50 sombreamento plântulas ≥ ( 0,70 070 0 70 Dickson 7895 78 95 78,95 experimental aérearaiz representatividade Euclidianas respectivamente Recomendase Recomenda se C 10 (1: 5 0,7 07 7 789 9 78,9 (1 0, 78,

ABSTRACT Light stress damages the photochemical apparatus and affects seedling growth of forest species. Using potassium silicate (K2SiO3) can mitigate these deleterious effects and contribute to the acclimatization and robustness of seedlings. This study evaluated the effect of K2SiO3 and shading levels on the photochemical and growth of Alibertia edulis (Rich) A. Rich seedlings. The experiment was arranged under three light conditions based on shading levels of 0 % (full sun), 30 %, and 70 %. Four doses of K2SiO3 applied through foliar spray were tested: 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mL L–1. Cultivation under full sun and under 70 % of shade was stressful for A. edulis, while cultivation under 30 % of shade improved plant growth. Increasing application of K2SiO3 in seedlings under full sun damaged the reaction center, causing lower photochemical yields, but increased the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II under 30 % of shade. Using K2SiO3 contributed to leaf water regulation while applying 10.0 mL L–1 increased chlorophyll indices, leaf area, physiological indices, and the quality of seedlings cultivated under full sun and 30 % of shade. Using 10.0 mL L–1 K2SiO3 mitigated the negative effects of light stress under full sun. It provided high photochemical efficiency, morphology aspects, and Dickson quality index A. edulis seedlings in environments with high or moderate light availability. species KSiO K SiO (K2SiO3 K2SiO (Rich A sun, , sun) 3 7 tested 00 0.0 25 2 5 2.5 50 5.0 100 10 10. L1 L 1 center yields L– indices area aspects availability (K2SiO 0. 2. 5.

ABSTRACT Water deficit or flooding can damage the photosynthetic and enzymatic metabolism in plants such as Eugenia myrcianthes Nied. Thus, knowledge of technologies that can mitigate stress damage is necessary for the ex-situ cultivation of these species. This study evaluates the potential of hydrogel (H) to mitigate water stress and assist in the recovery of E. myrcianthes seedlings under different water conditions. The seedlings were separated into three water regimes: R1 - continuous irrigation (control); R2 - intermittent stress, characterized by two stress cycles: water restriction followed by flooding (stress); and R3 - intermittent stress + hydrogel - Forth® gel (stress + H). Evaluations occurred in six periods: zero time (T0), 1st zero photosynthesis (P0), 1st recovery (REC), 2nd P0, 2nd REC, and END. E. myrcianthes seedlings responded to water conditions with reduced CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration, and stomatal conductance during stressful conditions. We observed decrease in the growth parameters of this species under stress, including leaf area and biomass. Under stress, independent of H, plants increased the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and the content of the amino acid proline. We observed recovery potential in most of the evaluated traits. E. myrcianthes seedlings showed morphophysiological changes due to water deficit and flooding. Still, hydrogel did not contribute to alleviating the effects of water deficit on gas exchange and did not affect flooding. Seedlings showed survival and resumption of metabolism and growth after stressful conditions. This demonstrates their resilience due to physiological plasticity, regardless of the use of hydrogel. Nied Thus exsitu ex situ H (H E regimes R control (control) cycles (stress) Forth H. . H) periods T0, T0 T , (T0) st P0 P (P0) REC (REC) nd END CO rate transpiration biomass dismutase peroxidase proline traits Still plasticity (control (T0 (P0 (REC (T (P

RESUMO O déficit hídrico ou alagamento podem ocasionar danos nas plantas, como Eugenia myrcianthes Nied. Assim, o conhecimento de tecnologias que possam mitigar os danos causados pelo estresse é necessário para o cultivo ex situ dessas espécies. Objetivou-se avaliar o potencial do hidrogel (H) em mitigar o estresse hídrico e de auxiliar na recuperação de mudas de Eugenia myrcianthes Nied. sob flutuações hídricas. As mudas foram separadas em três regimes hídricos: R1) irrigação contínua (controle), R2) Estresse intermitente: caracterizado por dois ciclos de estresse, sendo o primeiro a restrição hídrica, e o segundo alagamento (Estresse hídrico) e R3) Estresse intermitente + Hidrogel - Forth® gel (Estresse + H). As avaliações foram realizadas em seis épocas: tempo zero, 1ª fotossíntese zero (F0), 1ª recuperação (REC), 2ª F0, 2ª REC e FINAL. Foram avaliadas características fotoquímicas, morfológicas e antioxidantes. As mudas de E. myrcianthes responderam às flutuações hídricas, havendo redução das trocas gasosas. As plantas sob estresse, independente do H, aumentaram a atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase, peroxidase e do conteúdo do aminoácido prolina. Conclui-se que mudas de E. myrcianthes apresentaram mudanças fisiológicas quanto ao déficit hídrico e alagamento, mas o H não contribuiu em aliviar o déficit hídrico sobre as trocas gasosas e não prejudicou no alagamento. As mudas apresentaram sobrevivência, retomada do metabolismo após as condições estressantes demonstrando capacidade de resiliência por plasticidade fisiológica, independente do uso do hidrogel. Nied Assim espécies Objetivouse Objetivou se (H hídricas hídricos R1 R controle, controle , (controle) R2 hídrica R3 Forth H. . H) épocas ª F0 F (F0) REC, (REC) FINAL fotoquímicas antioxidantes E dismutase prolina Concluise Conclui sobrevivência fisiológica (controle (F0 (REC (F

ABSTRACT Using organic residues and bioinputs is a promising and sustainable practice to produce seedlings with forest essences, such as Cedrela fissilis Vell. (cedar), a vulnerable species close to extinction due to intensive exploitation in native areas. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of different substrates based on organic residues associated with or without the application of Parachlorella sp. microalgae in the emergence and morphophysiology of C. fissilis seedlings. Sowing was carried out on six substrates: Oxisol with a clayey texture; Oxisol + Parachlorella sp.; Oxisol with sheep manure (3:1, v v–1); Oxisol with sheep manure + Parachlorella sp.; Oxisol with cattle manure (3:1, v v–1); and Oxisol with cattle manure + Parachlorella sp. The addition of organic residues to the soil, especially cattle manure, contributes to increasing the percentage of emergence, plant height, chlorophyll index, CO2 assimilation rate, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco due to the superior chemical attributes in the substrate, which promote greater physiological efficiency. Organic residues increased the water use efficiency of seedlings. The application of Parachlorella sp. microalgae contributes to increases in the CO2 assimilation rate and stomatal conductance when seedlings are grown only in Oxisol. C. fissilis seedlings produced in the substrate with sheep and cattle manure showed better growth and gas exchange characteristics. essences Vell cedar, cedar , (cedar) areas Thus sp C texture 31, 31 3 1, 1 (3:1 v–1 v1 v–1) soil height index CO characteristics (cedar (3: v– (3 (

RESUMO O alagamento é um fator estressante e promove danos ao aparato fotossintético, afetando negativamente o crescimento de mudas de espécies frutíferas, dentre elas a jatobazeiro Estudos sobre o manejo fisiológico, tal como aplicação exógena de fitohormônio, para aliviar o estresse abiótico tem aumentado. Assim, objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o efeito da aplicação foliar de concentrações de ácido salicílico (AS) em mudas de H. courbaril submetidas ao alagamento. As mudas receberam aplicação via foliar de quatro concentrações de AS: 0, 100, 200 e 400 mg L-1, e submetidas a dois regimes hídricos: a) controle: - não alagadas e irrigadas diariamente e b) alagamento - acondicionamento das mudas em piscina com lâmina d’água (5.0 cm) acima do nível do substrato. Decorridos 35 dias avaliamos as trocas gasosas, crescimento inicial, qualidade e o potencial de resiliência ecológica das mudas. Observou-se que todas as mudas alagadas sobreviveram, mas tiveram redução da fotossíntese, eficiência instantânea de carboxilação da Rubisco e de uso da água e condutância estomática e quando receberam aplicação entre 100-300 mg L-1 de AS. As mudas que receberam aplicação das concentrações entre 100 e 300 mg L-1 de AS tiveram maiores características de crescimento, qualidade e plasticidade fenotípica. A aplicação foliar de ácido salicílico não mitigou o efeito do alagamento sobre as trocas gasosas, mas contribuiu no crescimento das mudas de H. courbaril. fotossintético frutíferas fisiológico fitohormônio aumentado Assim objetivouse objetivou se (AS H 0 20 40 L1, L1 L 1, 1 hídricos controle b dágua d 5.0 50 5 (5. cm substrato 3 gasosas inicial Observouse Observou sobreviveram fotossíntese 100300 100-30 L- 10 30 fenotípica 2 4 5. (5 10030 100-3 ( 1003 100-

ABSTRACT Flooding is a stressful condition that causes damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, negatively affecting the growth of seedlings of fruit species, including Hymenaea courbaril L. Studies on physiological management, such as exogenous application of phytohormones, to alleviate abiotic stress have increased. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) on H. courbaril seedlings subjected to flooding. The seedlings received foliar application of four concentrations of SA (0, 100, 200, and 400 mg L-1) and were subjected to two water regimes: a) control - non-flooded and irrigated daily and b) flooded - seedlings were placed in a plastic pool, keeping the water depth at ± 5.0 cm above the substrate level. After 35 days, we evaluated the gas exchange, initial growth, quality, and potential ecological resilience of the seedlings. All flooded seedlings survived, but had reduced photosynthesis, carboxylation of Rubisco efficiency, and water-use and stomatal conductance when they received 100-300 mg L-1 SA. The seedlings that received between 100 and 300 mg L-1 SA had greater growth, quality, and phenotypic plasticity. Foliar application of SA did not mitigated the effect of flooding on gas exchange but contributed to the growth of H. courbaril seedlings. apparatus species L management phytohormones increased (SA H 0, 0 (0 200 40 L1 1 regimes nonflooded non b pool 50 5 5. level 3 days quality survived photosynthesis efficiency wateruse use 100300 100-30 L- 10 30 plasticity ( 20 4 10030 100-3 2 1003 100-

RESUMO O uso de resíduo orgânico no substrato e a disponibilidade de luz influenciam na obtenção de mudas de elevada qualidade para o cultivo ex situ de espécies florestais nativas. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito de doses de cama de frango incorporadas ao solo e níveis de sombreamento sobre as respostas morfofisiológicas e qualidade de mudas de Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich. Foram estudadas cinco doses de cama de frango (CF): 0,00; 2,08; 4,16; 6,24 e 8,32 g kg-1 sob duas condições de sombreamento: 0% (pleno sol) e 50% de sombreamento. Aos 215 dias após o transplantio, a máxima altura da A. edulis foi 47,35 cm com 5,64 g CF kg-1 solo sob 50% de sombreamento. Mudas sombreadas tiveram maior número de folhas. A máxima área foliar e radicular foi de 796,64 e 118,83 cm2 com 5,32 g e 4,21 g CF kg-1 solo, respectivamente, ambos sob 50% de sombra. Mudas sob 0% de sombra tiveram menores índices fisiológicos. Os níveis de sombreamento não afetaram a limitação estomática, mas a CF contribuiu na eficiência fisiológica. As biomassas da parte aérea foram maiores sob 50% de sombra com maiores doses de CF. Os maiores índices de qualidade ocorreram com 3,98 e 6,28 g CF kg-1 solo sob 0 e 50% de sombra, respectivamente. Mudas de A. edulis responderam positivamente à adição de CF ao solo e apresentaram plasticidade às condições contrastantes de luz. Mudas de A. edulis produzidas em 50% de sombra com adição de 6,24 g CF kg-1 solo apresentaram maiores indicadores morfofisiológicos e qualidade de mudas. A adição de 4,32 g CF kg-1 solo contribuiu na qualidade de mudas sob pleno sol. nativas Objetivouse Objetivou se Rich (Rich. (CF) 0,00 000 00 2,08 208 2 08 4,16 416 4 16 624 6 24 6,2 832 8 32 8,3 kg1 kg 1 kg- sol 50 21 transplantio 4735 47 35 47,3 564 5 64 5,6 folhas 79664 796 796,6 11883 118 83 118,8 532 5,3 421 4,2 respectivamente fisiológicos estomática fisiológica 398 3 98 3,9 628 28 432 4,3 (Rich (CF 0,0 2,0 20 4,1 41 62 6, 8, 473 47, 56 5, 7966 79 796, 1188 11 118, 53 42 4, 39 9 3, 43 0, 2, 7

ABSTRACT Organic residue in the substrate and the availability of light influence the production of high-quality seedlings for ex situ cultivation of native forest species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of doses of chicken manure incorporated in the soil and shading levels on the morphophysiological responses and quality of Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich seedlings. Five doses of chicken manure (CM) were tested, 0.00, 2.08, 4.16, 6.24, and 8.32 g CM kg-1 soil, under two shade conditions, 0% (full sun) and 50% shading. At 215 days after transplanting, the maximum height obtained for A. edulis was 47.35 cm with 5.64 g CM kg-1 soil under 50% shade. Shaded seedlings had a higher number of leaves. The maximum leaf and root areas were 796.64 and 118.83 cm2 with 5.32 and 4.21 g CM kg-1 soil, respectively, both under 50% shade. Seedlings in 0% shade had lower physiological indices. Shading levels did not affect stomatal limitation, but CM contributed to physiological efficiency. Shoot biomass was higher under 50% shade with higher CM doses. The highest quality indexes occurred with 3.98 and 6.28 g kg-1 CM under 0 and 50% shade, respectively. A. edulis seedlings responded positively to the addition of CM to the soil and presented plasticity under contrasting light conditions. A. edulis seedlings produced under 50% shading with the addition of 6.24 g CM kg-1 soil presented high morphophysiological and seedling quality indicators. The addition of 4.32 g CM kg-1 soil contributed to high seedling quality under full sun conditions. highquality species Rich. (Rich. A (CM tested 000 00 0.00 208 2 08 2.08 416 4 16 4.16 624 6 24 832 8 32 8.3 kg1 kg 1 kg- conditions 50 21 transplanting 4735 47 35 47.3 564 5 64 5.6 leaves 79664 796 796.6 11883 118 83 118.8 532 5.3 421 4.2 respectively indices limitation efficiency 398 3 98 3.9 628 28 6.2 indicators 432 4.3 (Rich 0.0 20 2.0 41 4.1 62 8. 473 47. 56 5. 7966 79 796. 1188 11 118. 53 42 4. 39 9 3. 6. 43 0. 2. 7

ABSTRACT Water availability is one of the most important factors for the growth of tree seedlings in forestry-related regions. We hypothesized that under different water regimes, a water-retaining polymer (hydrogel) can positively contribute to chlorophyll- a fluorescence and growth in Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg. Four water retention capacities (WRC) were evaluated: 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, depending on the presence or absence of hydrogel at the substrate. The lowest WRCs, particularly those under 25% without hydrogel, reduced chlorophyll index and negatively affected the photochemical activities of photosystem II. However, under low water availability the hydrogel mitigated the damage inflicted on the reaction centers and chlorophyll synthesis. The greatest growth effects occurred at 100% WRC in the presence of the hydrogel. Physiological indices were higher under 100% WRC without hydrogel and 50% with hydrogel. The increase in biomass and Dickson quality were more pronounced in the seedlings produced under 50% WRC and hydrogel, and the addition of these parameters to the substrate contributed to more viable morphophysiological indicators for the production of C. xanthocarpa seedlings.

OBJETIVO:Avaliar a presença da síndrome da disfunção lacrimal e alterações na sensibilidade corneana no pré e pós-operatório de pacientes com indicação de blefaroplastia superior. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 30 pacientes com indicação cirúrgica para correção de dermatocálase em pálpebra superior de ambos os olhos. Obtida história clínica e realizado exame oftalmológico geral, incluindo exames como teste de Schirmer I, coloração com Lissamina Verde, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, coloração com fluoresceína e teste da sensibilidade corneana com estesiômetro de Cochet-Bonnet, além de teste subjetivo pelo questionário ODSI. Os exames foram realizados antes e após 90 dias da cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Apenas 23 pacientes completaram o seguimento, sendo o sexo feminino predominante. A idade dos pacientes variou de 63 a 87 anos. De acordo com o questionário ODSI aplicado, observou-se que houve melhora dos sintomas, mas a análise estatística mostrou um resultado não-significante. Com relação à análise dos resultados obtidos com o estesiômetro de Cochet-Bonnet, 7 pacientes apresentaram uma melhora na sensibilidade corneana, 9 pacientes diminuíram a resposta e 7 mantiveram seus valores. Os resultados do BUT lacrimal, colorações com Lissamina verde e Fluoresceína foram considerados estatisticamente não-significantes. O teste de Schirmer I demonstrou uma melhora estatisticamente significativa da produção lacrimal no pós-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: Neste trabalho observou-se que os pacientes submetidos à blefaroplastia superior apresentaram uma melhora nos sinais e sintomas relacionados à SDL, apesar de ter sido diagnosticado uma diminuição na sensibilidade corneana não estatisticamente significante.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the presence of dysfunctional tear syndrome and changes in corneal sensitivity in the preoperative andpostoperative patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty. METHODS: Thirty patients with surgical indication for correction of upper eyelid dermatochalasis in both eyes. Obtained clinical history and general ophthalmologic examination, including tests such as Schirmer's test, Lissamine Green staining, tear break-up time and fluorescein staining, corneal sensitivity was evaluated using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, and subjective test by questionnaire ODSI. The examinations were performed before and after 90 days of surgery. RESULTS: Only 23 patients completed the follow-up, with females predominant. The patients' ages ranged from 63 to 87 years. According to the questionnaire ODSI applied, we found that symptoms improved, but statistical analysis showed a nonsignificant result. Regarding the analysis of results obtained with the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, 7 patients showed an improvement in corneal sensitivity, nine patients declined to answer and 7 maintained their values. The results of the tear BUT, and stained with Fluorescein and Lissamine green were considered statistically non-significant. The Schirmer's test showed a statistically significant improvement in tear production in the postoperative period. CONCLUSION: In this study we observed that patients undergoing upper blepharoplasty showed an improvement in the signs and symptoms related to SDL, despite having been diagnosed with a decrease in corneal sensitivity, not statistically significant.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados da oclusão de ponto lacrimal reversível com o uso de plugs termosensíveis para o tratamento da síndrome da disfunção lacrimal. MÉTODOS: Dezoito olhos de 9 pacientes com diagnóstico de olho seco foram selecionados e submetidos à oclusão reversível de ponto lacrimal com o uso de plugs termosensíveis, e acompanhados por 60 dias através de questionário OSDI e testes com fluoresceína, rosa bengala e Schirmer. RESULTADOS: Em todos os pacientes estudados houve melhora nos sintomas de olho seco e melhora nos parâmetros oftalmológicos pesquisados. Em apenas 1 dos pacientes a melhora dos sintomas foi pequena, e não houve diminuição na dependência de colírio lubrificante. Nos outros 8 pacientes houve diminuição no uso de colírio. Durante o estudo não ocorreram complicações infecciosas ou de extrusão. CONCLUSÃO: Oclusão temporária do ponto lacrimal com SmartPlug tm parece ser uma opção efetiva para o tratamento da síndrome da disfunção lacrimal quando o uso de lubrificantes não é suficiente. Sua colocação é relativamente simples e segura, porém estudos mais longos são necessários.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of occlusion of the lacrimal punctum reversible with the use of thermosensitive plugs to treat the dysfunctional tear syndrome. METHODS: Eighteen eyes of 9 patients with dry eye were selected and subjected to reversible occlusion of the lacrimal punctum with the use of thermosensitive plugs and were followed for 60 days through the OSDI questionnaire, fluorescein staining, rose bengal staining and Schirmer's test. RESULTS: in all studied patients there was improvement in dry eye symptoms and in ophthalmic parameters studied. In only 1 of the patients, symptom improvement was small, and no decrease in dependence on lubricating drops. In the other 8 patients there was a decrease in the use of eye drops. During the study there were no infectious complications or extrusion. CONCLUSION: Temporary occlusion of the lacrimal punctum with SmartPlug tm seems to be an effective option for treating the dysfunctional tear syndrome when the use of lubricants is not enough. Its placement is relatively simple and safe, but longer studies are needed.