Resumo Nas últimas décadas, a análise da ocupação das áreas da capitania e da província de Minas Gerais ganhou destaque na historiografia especializada. Em boa medida, os estudos têm ressaltado o desenvolvimento rural e das atividades agropecuárias, concomitantemente ou em substituição aos trabalhos de extração aurífera, cuja produção declinou ao longo da segunda metade do século XVIII. Este artigo apresenta uma contribuição pontual ao debate sobre a territorialização das Minas por meio da análise de um documento inédito referente à Guarapiranga: o “Rol dos que confessaram e comungaram no ano de 1766”. Relacionando a análise quantitativa e qualitativa dos dados extraídos do referido rol com registros populacionais do século XVIII e XIX, o artigo apresenta um panorama populacional, territorial e administrativo de uma das mais importantes freguesias do termo de Mariana - uma região de fronteira que, na segunda metade dos Setecentos, se tornaria a mais populosa e economicamente atrativa do leste mineiro.

Abstract In recent decades the specialized historiography has given special attention to the analysis of the occupation of areas belonging to the captaincy and province of Minas Gerais. Rural development and the expansion of the farming have been highlighted, both in conjunction with and to replace gold mining activities, which declined during the second half of the eighteenth century. This article aims to present a particular contribution to the debate about the territorialization of Minas through the analysis of an unpublished document about Guarapiranga: “Rol dos que confessaram e comungaram no ano de 1766” (List of those who confessed and took communion in 1766). Relating the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data collected from this list to other population records from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the article presents a demographic, territorial and administrative picture of one of the most important parishes within the limits of Mariana - a frontier region which during the second half of the eighteenth century became the most populous and economically vibrant area in the east of Minas Gerais.

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo retomar aspectos da análise sobre as formas de governo e colonização lusas na época moderna com o intuito de destacar como o conceito de razão de estado pode com ela contribuir. Para tanto, procura-se apontar, numa primeira parte, a diferença entre a razão de estado - noção que remete a uma importante literatura elaborada durante o Renascimento e o Antigo Regime - e a razão de Estado, que diz respeito à discussão sobre os interesses das nações no mundo contemporâneo. Num segundo momento, a discussão é aprofundada através da análise de um importante texto de Bartolomé Clavero sobre o tema.

Abstract This paper aims at reviewing some aspects of the analysis about the Portuguese ways of governing and colonization in the early modern age to highlight the importance of the concept of reason of state for the debate. For that purpose, it is pointed out, in a first section, the difference between the reason of state - notion that refers to an important literature elaborated during the Renaissance and the Ancien Régime - and the reason of State, which is related to the discussion about the nation’s interests in the contemporary world. In a second section, the discussion is deepened through the analysis of an important text by Bartolomé Clavero on the subject.

Este artigo objetiva levantar questões acerca de alguns dos debates travados pela historiografia colonial brasileira nas últimas duas décadas, relacionando-as, em linhas gerais, com mudanças políticas e sociais ocorridas no Brasil. Sugere-se que, no cerne de tais debates, encontra-se um mal-estar atinente às formas pelas quais os historiadores lidam com o problema da responsabilidade diante de uma sociedade marcadamente desigual.

This paper aims to raise some questions about the debates made by the Brazilian colonial historiography in the last two decades, relating them in general to the political and social changes happened in Brazil. It is suggested that in the heart of these debates it is the problem of the responsibility as to a very inequal society.

It is an exploratory study of technological innovation in the electro-medical equipment sector, encompassing an analysis of trends in Latin America. The methodological bases for the study are the procedures and indicators used in bibliometric studies and it uses as its body of analysis the invention patents available in the European Patent Office. The research study made it possible to perform qualitative analyses aimed at understanding the technological innovation behavior of institutions operating in the area. It also allowed us to show the relative position of each company, sector or country in relation to the potential competition. It is hoped that these results will be able to provide support for public policies which underpin innovation in this sector.

This paper presents a profile of a Brazilian academic research group in areas related to the management of technology innovation. Keywords searches have been chosen to generate a database composed of information about research groups, projects that are funded by Brazilian Federal Government and scientific journals. Data analysis allowed the following conclusions: 1. Most research groups have been established in the 2000s, when innovation Policies have been settled in Brazil; 2. Most of the research is located in regions which have better science and technology infrastructure; 3. There is low interaction between researchers and public/private companies; 4. Federal Agencies tend to support projects related to innovation policy instruments (technology parks, local production systems, technology transfer centers in universities and research institutes).

This paper investigates the role of virtual social networks as a mechanism complementary to formal channels of technology transfer represented by ICT and by private centers of R & D in industry. The strengthening of Web 2.0 has provided the expansion of collaborative tools, in particular the social networks, with a strong influence on the spread of knowledge and innovation. To evaluate the potential of virtual networks, a survey had been conducted to identify and describe the characteristics of some of the major social networks used in Brazil (LinkedIn, Orkut and Twitter). Even this phenomenon is not mature, the study identified the potential and benefits of social networks as informal structures that help in generation of knowledge and innovation diffusion, as a field to be explored and developed.

This paper presents and discusses the baselines of a nationwide project whose objective is to support the economic, social and environmental sustainability of Brazilian electronics industry. This project encompasses a complex and innovative articulation of a large number of multidimensional variables and includes some innovative solutions. It foresees the execution of a pilot project with the participation of nine companies producers of electro medical equipment. Its implementation occurs by coordinating innovation of products and processes with the integrated management of the marketing mix of products, by means of the integration of the company's management systems. It is presented the theoretical and methodological foundations of this pilot project, its structure and organization, and the main results obtained so far.

Este artigo visa apresentar alguns resultados derivados da pesquisa de 783 autos de notificação, custodiados pelo Arquivo Histórico da Casa Setecentista (AHCS), em Mariana (MG). Os dados trabalhados, atinentes ao período de 1711 a 1888, foram obtidos através do uso de variáveis estabelecidas numa ficha de coleta em formato eletrônico. Através dos resultados já obtidos, é possível apontar hipóteses sobre o funcionamento da Justiça no termo de Mariana.

This paper aims to present some results derived from a research on 783 notification acts that are kept by Arquivo Histórico da Casa Setecentista, in Mariana, Minas Gerais. The data, referring to the period 1711-1888, were obtained through the adoption of variables established in an electronic form. Through the results already reached, it is possible to point out some hypotheses about the inner workings of Justice in the Mariana region.

Resumo Este breve artigo visa questionar em que medida os discursos sobre a guerra das raças, descritos por Clément Thibaud em "La ley y la sangre", embora retomem elementos do historicismo, não reproduzem as estratégias de modelos historiográficos voltados à subordinação da guerra à soberania.

Abstract This short paper aims at questioning the extent in the which the discourses about the war of races described by Clément Thibaud en "La ley y la sangre", although retaking elements from historicism, reproduce the strategies of historiographical patterns that intend to subordinate the war to the sovereingty.

The study verified the production area's key user opinions about needs being met by ERP through a survey conducted within industries from the State of São Paulo. The survey instrument is composed of 28 activities related to the production area, using the literature review on production management and ERP as a basis. Also, four dimensions for production activities were defined: Inventory Management Policies, Forecasts, MRP and MRP II. Activities were evaluated according to five different criteria: Needs Being Met, Ease of Use, Parameterization, Customization and Training. The questionnaire was answered by managers from 46 industries, composing a non-probabilistic sample with an accessibility criterion. The research is exploratory. The analysis of the obtained data broadly showed that ERPs meet the expectations of production managers. However, its most noteworthy aspect is the high number of activities that are not used by companies. It was noted that the higher the number of used activities, the higher the level of perception of needs being met.

RESUMO Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada em 27 supermercados de diferentes portes, na qual se buscou avaliar os impactos da informatização na gestão desses estabelecimentos. O setor de comércio e, particularmente, os supermercados realizam investimentos em tecnologia da informação (TI) inferiores aos dos setores da indústria e de serviços. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o de levantamento, e os principais aspectos investigados foram: estrutura de TI predominante, projetos de TI mais importantes, fatores críticos de sucesso (FCS) para projetos de TI e impactos da informatização nas operações dos supermercados. A análise baseou-se na percepção dos gerentes com relação a esses aspectos. Observou-se que os supermercados de porte médio possuem, em geral, rede cliente/servidor como estrutura de TI, enquanto nos de grande porte predomina mainframe. O projeto de TI considerado mais importante entre os estabelecimentos pesquisados foi o ponto-de-venda (PV), seguido pela transferência eletrônica de fundos (TEF) e depois eletronic data interchange (EDI). Os FCS de maior importância, segundo os entrevistados, são o “apoio da alta gerência” e a “integração entre as áreas da empresa”. Finalmente, constatou-se que, no estágio atual de informatização desses supermercados, o principal impacto percebido pelos gerentes foi a maior agilidade no atendimento ao cliente.

ABSTRACT This work is the result of a research made in 27 supermarkets of different sizes. The aim of this survey was to evaluate the impact of the informatization in the management of those companies. The commerce business and particularly the supermarkets have invested less in Information Technology (IT) than the industries and service business. The research methodology used in this work was the survey. The main investigated aspects were: the most important IT structures, the most important IT projects, Critical Success Factors (CSF) for IT projects and the impacts of the informatization in the supermarket operations. The analyses were based on the managers’ perceptions in relation to the aspects which were mentioned above. It was observed that, in general, the medium size supermarkets have client/server network as IT structure. On the other hand, the full size supermarkets use, mostly, the mainframe. Point of sales (POS) was considered the most important IT project among the enterprises, followed by Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT), and finally, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). According to people who were interviewed, the “high management support” and “integration among the areas of the company” were the most important CSF. Finally, it was realized that the most remarkable impact seen by the managers in the present level of informatization in those supermarkets was the agility in the assistance to the client.

Este estudo teve como objetivos verificar em que medida as pequenas e médias empresas realizam gestão da segurança da informação e identificar fatores que influenciam pequenas e médias empresas a adotarem medidas de gestão da segurança da informação. Foi realizada pesquisa de natureza exploratório-descritiva e utilizou-se como delineamento o levantamento (survey). A amostra consistiu em 43 indústrias do setor de fabricação de produtos de metal situadas na região do Grande ABC. Com base na literatura sobre gestão da segurança da informação e na norma brasileira de segurança da informação, foram identificadas as ferramentas ou técnicas de gestão da segurança da informação e classificadas em três camadas: física, lógica e humana. O estudo identificou que a camada humana é a que apresenta a maior carência de cuidados por parte das empresas, seguida pela camada lógica. O antivírus é a ferramenta/técnica mais utilizada pelas empresas pesquisadas para garantir a segurança da informação. A pesquisa relevou que 59% das empresas pesquisadas possuem um nível de segurança satisfatório e que o principal fator motivador para adoção de gestão da segurança da informação é "evitar possíveis perdas financeiras". Todos os fatores inibidores se mostraram importantes para as empresas pesquisadas: falta de conhecimento, valor do investimento, dificuldade em mensurar custo/ benefício e cultura organizacional.

The objectives of this study were verify in what measure the small and medium companies accomplish the management security information and identify which factors influence the small and medium companies to adopt measures of management security information. The source research was exploratory-descriptive and the design used was the survey. The sample was compound of 43 metal production industries located in ABC region. According to management information security literature and Brazilian norm of information security were identified the tools or techniques of management security information and classified it into three layers: physic, logic and human. The study identified that the human layer is the one that presents the major shortage of cares in the companies followed by the logical one. The companies get used to have the antivirus as the main security tool/technique according to the researched companies to guarantee the safety of information. Besides that, the research showed that 59% of the companies have a safety satisfactory level and the main motivator factor to adopt the management security information is "to avoid possible financial loss". On the other hand, all the inhibitors factors showed important to the researched companies like: lack of knowledge, investments value, organization culture and difficulty to measure cost/benefit.

OBJETIVO: Identificar a incidência, fatores de risco e mortalidade de insuficiência renal aguda (IRA), em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia para revascularização miocárdica com circulação extracorpórea. MÉTODOS: Estudados prospectivamente todos os pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica e as variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais analisadas através de métodos uni e multivariado (regressão logística). RESULTADOS: Insuficiência renal aguda ocorreu em 16,1% dos 223 pacientes estudados, diálise foi necessária em 4,9% dos pacientes. Os fatores de risco associados à IRA na análise univariada foram: idade > 63 anos OR 3,6 (95% IC=1,6 a 8,3), creatinina sérica pré-operatória > 1,2 mg/dl OR 5,9 (95% IC=2,4 a 14,6), duração da circulação extracorpórea > 90 min OR 2,1 (95% IC=1,0 a 4,4), uso de balão intra-aórtico OR 2,6 (95% IC=1,2 a 5,5); necessidade de drogas inotrópicas OR 4,4 (95% IC=1,9 a 10,2) e, na análise multivariada, foram fatores independentes associados à IRA idade > 63 anos OR 3,0 (95% IC=1,3 a 7,2), creatinina sérica pré-operatória > 1,2 mg/dl OR 4,3 (95% IC=1,6 a 11,4), necessidade de drogas inotrópicas OR 3,2 (95% IC=1,3 a 8,0). A mortalidade nos pacientes com IRA foi de 25,0 % em comparação com 1,1% entre os sem IRA e 63,6% entre os que necessitaram de diálise. CONCLUSÃO: Insuficiência renal aguda em cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica é uma complicação freqüente e está associada à alta mortalidade. Sendo fatores de risco independentes: idade, insuficiência renal prévia e necessidade de drogas inotrópicas.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence, risk factors, and mortality of acute renal failure (ARF) in patients undergoing myocardial coronary artery bypass surgery with extracorporeal circulation. METHODS: All patients undergoing myocardial coronary artery bypass surgery were prospectively studied, and their clinical and laboratory variables were assessed using uni- and multivariate analysis (logistic regression). RESULTS: Acute renal failure occurred in 16.1% of the 223 patients studied; 4.9% of patients required dialysis. Risk factors associated with ARF in the univariate analysis were age > 63 years, OR 3.6 (95% CI=1.6 to 8.3); preoperative serum creatinine > 1.2 mg/dL, OR 5.9 (95% CI=2.4 to 14.6); duration of extracorporeal circulation > 90 min, OR 2.1 (95% CI=1.0 to 4.4); use of intraaortic balloon, OR 2.6 (95% CI=1.2 to 5.5); need for inotropic drugs, OR 4.4 (95% CI=1.9 to 10.2). In the multivariate analysis, independent factors associated with ARF were: age > 63 years, OR 3.0 (95% CI=1.3 to 7.2); preoperative serum creatinine > 1.2 mg/dL, OR 4.3 (95% CI=1.6 to 11.4); need for inotropic drugs, OR 3.2 (95% CI=1.3 to 8.0). Mortality in the patients with ARF was 25.0% compared with 1.1% in those without ARF and 63.6% in those who required dialysis. CONCLUSION: Acute renal failure after myocardial coronary artery bypass surgery is a frequent complication associated with a high mortality rate. The independent risk factors are age, previous renal failure, and the need for inotropic drugs.

Este trabalho discute a relação entre a implantação de Sistemas de Informações (SI) e processos de mudança organizacional. Considerou-se que essa relação pode ser estudada a partir de dois enfoques: tecnológico ou organizacional. O enfoque tecnológico considera a implantação de SI como um elemento desencadeador da mudança, enquanto no enfoque organizacional os SI ocupariam papel secundário. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 27 executivos de 5 empresas de autopeças, observando-se como os processos de mudança estão relacionados com a implantação de SI. O trabalho conclui que nessas empresas o enfoque organizacional é predominante, porém, identificam-se situações em que a implantação de SI tem papel e importância distintos na mudança organizacional.

This paper discuss the relation between organizational change and Information Systems (IS) implementation. It has been considered that this relation can be studied from two approaches: tecnological or organizational. In the first approach, IS implementation would be the lever of the change, while in the second, IS has a secondary role. This paper presents results from a research based on 27 interviews with managers from 5 autoparts plants. The study concludes that in those plants the organizational approach is predominant, but, it has been identified situations in which the IS implementation has distinct role and importance in the organizational change process.