The present study investigated the reliability and sensitivity of a wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (wNIRS) device in moderate and heavy exercise intensity domains. On three separate days, eleven males performed an incremental test to exhaustion, and in the following visits, four submaximal constant-load bouts (i.e., test and retest) were performed in the moderate-intensity domain (100 and 130 W) and heavy-intensity domain (160 and 190 W). The local tissue oxygen saturation index (SmO2) and pulmonary oxygen uptake (V̇O2) were measured continuously. The absolute SmO2 and V̇O2 values and the change (Δ) from the 3rd to 6th min of exercise were calculated. There was good reliability for SmO2 measurements, as indicated by the high intraclass correlation coefficient analysis (ICC ≥0.84 for all) and low coefficient of variation between the two trials (CV ≤4.1% for all). Steady-state responses were observed for SmO2 and V̇O2 from the 3rd to the 6th min in the two moderate-intensity bouts (P>0.05), whereas SmO2 decreased and V̇O2 increased from the 3rd to the 6th min in the two heavy-intensity bouts (P<0.05). Together, these findings suggested that the SmO2 measured with a wNIRS device is reliable and sensitive to track local metabolic changes provoked by slight increments in exercise intensity. nearinfrared near infrared (wNIRS domains days exhaustion visits constantload constant load i.e., ie i e (i.e. retest moderateintensity 100 (10 13 W heavyintensity 160 (16 19 W. . SmO (SmO2 VO2 VO V O2 O (V̇O2 continuously V̇O Δ (Δ rd th calculated measurements ICC 084 0 84 ≥0.8 all CV 41 4 1 ≤4.1 all. Steadystate Steady state P>0.05, P005 P P>0.05 , 05 (P>0.05) P<0.05. P<0.05 (P<0.05) Together i.e. (i.e 10 (1 16 (SmO (V̇O 08 8 ≥0. ≤4. P00 P>0.0 (P>0.05 P<0.0 (P<0.05 i.e ( ≥0 ≤4 P0 P>0. (P>0.0 P<0. (P<0.0 ≥ ≤ P>0 (P>0. P<0 (P<0. P> (P>0 P< (P<0 (P> (P< (P

O objetivo deste ensaio foi avaliar o efeito do emurchecimento e da adição de fubá durante o processo de ensilagem da alfafa sobre a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca (MS), da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e da proteína bruta (PB). Foram utilizados três bovinos adultos mestiços fistulados no rúmen, nos quais foram incubados seis tipos de silagens (1-alfafa fresca; 2-alfafa fresca +5% de fubá; 3-alfafa fresca +10% de fubá; 4-alfafa emurchecida; 5-alfafa emurchecida + 5% de fubá ; 6-alfafa emurchecida + 10% de fubá) durante três tempos de incubação (6, 24, 96 horas). O delineamento experimental foi em parcelas subdivididas, com tratamentos em parcelas, tempos em subparcelas e animais como blocos. A adição de fubá à silagem aumentou (P<0,05) a degradação da MS e FDN com o tempo de incubação. O emurchecimento proporcionou diminuição (P<0,05) na degradabilidade dos nutrientes, entretanto esse efeito foi ligeiramente contornado pela adição de 10% de fubá. Os tratamentos com a adição de fubá e o emurchecimento proporcionaram maior taxa de degradabilidade da MS de fração b, entretanto o emurchecimento diminuiu o potencial de degradação a, enquanto que a adição de níveis de fubá não alterou a degradabilidade da MS dessa fração. A degradação da fração b da FDN aumentou com a adição de fubá e diminuiu com o emurchecimento, entretanto houve aumento dessa fração quando se adicionou fubá à forragem emurchecida. A degradação da fração a da PB aumentou com a adição de fubá e diminuiu com o emurchecimento; para a fração b ocorreu o inverso. Concluiu-se que a prática do emurchecimento, por reduzir a fração solúvel da forragem, diminui a degradabilidade dos nutrientes da silagem de alfafa, que no entanto pode ser melhorada com a adição de fubá.

A split-plot design digestion trial was carried out with three rumen-fistulated steers to evaluate the effect of wilting and addition of corn meal on in situ degradability of dry matter (MS), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of alfalfa silage, using three periods (6, 24 and 96 hours) and six different silages (1-fresh alfalfa; 2-fresh alfalfa with 5% corn meal; 3-fresh alfalfa with 10% corn meal; 4-wilted alfalfa; 5-wilted alfalfa with 5% corn meal and 6-wilted alfalfa with 10% corn meal). The addition of corn meal and wilting treatments presented the highest DM and NDF degradability rates. The wilting reduced (P<0.05) degradation potential, however, addition of corn meal lightly changed the DM degradability. The b FDN fraction increased with addition of corn meal and decreased with wilting. In spite of this, fraction b increased when corn meal was added to wilted forage. Degradation rate increased CP fraction with corn meal addition and decreased with wilting. Addition of corn meal increased degradation rate of CP fraction. It is concluded that wilting decreases alfalfa silage nutrients because it reduces soluble fraction of forage. However this nutrients can be improved with addition of corn meal.

Em um esquema de parcela subdividida que incluía dois tratamentos (A= solo arenoso e B= solo argiloso) e 10 subtratamentos (10 épocas de amostragem) a bioquímica clínica de 20 vacas de corte, sob pastejo contínuo de B. decumbens, foi acompanhada durante 13 meses. Os constituintes sangüíneos estudados foram: glicose (GLI), hemoglobina (HB), bilirrubina (BIL), creatinina (CREA), albumina (ALB), aspartatoaminotransferase (AST), fosfatase alcalina (FAS) e creatinoquinase (CK). Foram obtidos valores médios de 98,0 e 110,2 mg/dl para GLI, 13,27 e13,38g/l para HB, 0,718 e 0,661mg/dl para BIL, 1,89 e 1,73mg/dl para CREA e 3,56 e 3,39g/dl para ALB nos tratamentos A e B, respectivamente. Vacas aneloradas apresentaram um perfil bioquímico clínico de animais aparentemente sadios, isto é, ausência de anemia, icterícia e disfunção renal. Não foi possível diagnosticar alterações hepáticas mas ocorreram lesões musculares (CK) em algumas épocas, sem afetar clinicamente os animais. GLI, ALB, AST e FAS apresentaram mudança sazonal com níveis mais altos na primavera-verão e mais baixos no período de seca, no outono-inverno.

A split plot design was carried out in order to study the clinical biochemistry of 20 graded Nelore cows on continuous grazing of Brachiaria decumbens on sandy (treatment A) or on clay soil (treatment B). The mean values for the blood components were glucose, 98.0 and 110.2 mg/dl; hemoglobin, 13.27 and 13.38 g/l; bilirubin, 0.718 and 0.661 mg/dl; and creatinine, 1.89 and 1.73 mg/dl, on treatments A and B, respectively. Albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and creatine kinase were also evaluated. The cows showed a metabolic profile similar to healthy-like animals, i.e., without anemia, jaudice, and renal disorder. It was not possible to detect abnormal liver function because of the need of inclusion of one specific liver enzyme in the clinical analysis. Muscular lesions were occasionally observed, even though the cows seemed clinically healthy. Glucose, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were higher during spring and summer (rainy season) than during fall and winter (dry season).