ABSTRACT Cobalt (Co) and molybdenum (Mo) are essential elements with a fundamental role in biological nitrogen fixation in legumes. Vitamins such as thiamine, despite being required in small quantities, influence plant growth. This study aimed to assess the efficiency of different doses of thiamine applied as seed treatment, combined or not with Co and Mo, in enhancing the development of soybean crops. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse according to a randomized block design with a 6 × 2 factorial arrangement, comprising six thiamine doses (0, 10, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1) in the presence or absence of Co and Mo at the recommended rate of 100 mL ha-1. At 40 days after sowing, plants were analyzed for root length, root dry weight, shoot length, shoot dry weight, nodule number, and nodule dry weight. Principal component analysis showed that combined application of Co and Mo with thiamine was negatively associated with all variables and that the thiamine doses most positively associated with the analyzed variables were 50 and 200 mg kg-1. In treatments containing thiamine alone, there was a linear direct relationship between thiamine dose and nodule dry weight. Root and shoot lengths and dry weights were highest in plants treated with thiamine only at a dose of 122 mg kg-1. Application of Co and Mo combined with thiamine via seed treatment does not promote the development of soybean crops. Thiamine application is a promising treatment to increase shoot length, root dry weight, and nodule dry weight in soybean. (Co (Mo legumes quantities growth crops arrangement 0, 0 (0 10 25 20 kg1 kg 1 kg-1 ha1. ha1 ha 1. ha-1 4 sowing length number 5 kg1. alone 12 ( kg- ha-

ABSTRACT Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds have attracted great economic interest for their high levels of linoleic and α-linolenic acids. In Brazil, there is a lack of studies on the agronomic characteristics and physiological quality of chia, necessitating research on germination processes and strategies to enhance yield under field conditions. There are no studies assessing the development of seeds with different coat colors in the presence of fungicides. This study aimed to assess the physiological quality of chia seeds as a function of coat color and fungicide treatment. The experiment followed a completely randomized design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement and six replications. For this, seeds were divided into two groups according to coat color (black and white) and subjected or not to treatment with carboxin + thiram. Germination speed index, germination rate, and shoot length were evaluated in plants sown at 0, 90, and 180 days after seed treatment. Germination rate and speed index differed significantly between coat colors, with white seeds having higher vigor than black seeds. Shoot length, however, differed only for seeds sown on the day of treatment, indicating that treated seeds were more vigorous. Salvia L. L αlinolenic α linolenic acids Brazil conditions fungicides replications this thiram 0 90 18 however vigorous 9 1

ABSTRACT Stress caused by defoliation can compromise the physiological quality of soybean seeds. However, there is evidence that the application of nitrogen (N) can be an alternative to reduce the qualitative losses in seeds caused by defoliating insects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of topdressing N fertilization in improving the physiological quality of soybean seeds from plants subjected to artificial defoliation. The experimental design was a randomized block arranged in a 2×4 factorial scheme with four replicates. The treatments consisted of two levels of defoliation (33 and 66%) and four doses of N (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1), using urea (45% N), applied two days after defoliation. Artificial defoliation was performed during the R3 stage by removing one (33%) and two leaflets (66%) from each trifoliate leaf under field conditions. At stage R5.1, leaf area was quantified, and after harvesting, germination, emergence, length, total dry mass, electrical conductivity, total protein content, mass of 1000 seeds, and tetrazolium (vigor and viability) tests were carried out. It was concluded that increasing the defoliation from 33 to 66% impaired the physiological quality of soybean seeds. The use of nitrogen fertilization for coverage after defoliation at the beginning of the reproductive phase cannot minimize qualitative losses in seeds. However (N insects 24 2 4 2× replicates (3 66 0, 0 (0 50 100 15 ha1, ha1 ha 1 , ha-1) 45% 45 (45 N, N) R 33% (33% (66% conditions R51 R5 R5.1 quantified harvesting germination emergence length conductivity content vigor viability out 3 ( 6 5 10 ha-1 (4 (66 R5. ha- (6

ABSTRACT Agroecological management is considered a model of sustainable agriculture that offers social, environmental and economic benefits. The hypotheses of this study were that agroecological production systems can promote changes in the physical fractions of soil organic matter (SOM) associated with aggregates of different origins, and that the greater diversity of plant species in the production system may favour an increase in the carbon concentration of these aggregates. The aim of this study was to a) determine the mass of the free light fraction (FLF), intra-aggregate light fraction (ILF) and light organic matter fraction (LOM) of biogenic and physiogenic soil aggregates; and b) quantify the organic carbon content of the three light SOM fractions and the residual particulate SOM fraction. Five production systems were evaluated: AgF - Agroforestry system; CSun - Coffee grown in full sun; CSha - Coffee grown in shade; FLE - Flemingia grown in alleys; and NT - No-tillage. The aggregates were separated, identified and classified according to their origin or formation pathway into biogenic (formed by biological processes) or physiogenic aggregates (resulting from chemical and physical actions). From these, the mass and carbon content of the FLF, ILF, LOM and residual particulate fractions were quantified. The greater diversity of plant species found in the AgF system has not yet favoured an increase in the carbon content of the aggregates. The longer set-up time and the management practices of the CSun system has led to an increase in the carbon content of the organic fractions of the aggregates (3.44-1.63 g kg-1 for C-LOM; 1.93-1.13 g kg-1 for C-FLF). The lowest overall mean values for LOM and ILF were found mainly in the aggregates of the NT system (1.22-1.67 and 1.55-2.20 g kg-1, respectively), being associated with the shorter time and greater mobilisation of the arable layer. Biogenic aggregation afforded the highest overall mean values for LOM, and increased the mass of the light fractions (15.5%-27.8% for FLF; 23.4%-8.0% for ILF) and the carbon in the C-LOM, C-FLF and residual particulate fractions (42.3%, 12.9%, and 35.0%, respectively) in the surface layer, suggesting an improvement in soil quality. social benefits (SOM origins FLF , (FLF) intraaggregate intra aggregate (ILF (LOM b evaluated sun shade alleys Notillage. Notillage No tillage. tillage No-tillage separated formed processes resulting actions. actions . actions) quantified setup set up 3.441.63 344163 3.44 1.63 3 44 1 63 (3.44-1.6 kg1 kg kg- CLOM C C-LOM 1.931.13 193113 1.93 1.13 93 13 1.93-1.1 CFLF. CFLF C-FLF) 1.221.67 122167 1.22 1.67 22 67 (1.22-1.6 1.552.20 155220 1.55 2.20 55 2 20 1.55-2.2 kg1, 1, respectively, respectively layer 15.5%27.8% 155278 15.5% 27.8% 15 5 27 8 (15.5%-27.8 23.4%8.0% 23480 23.4% 8.0% 23 4 0 23.4%-8.0 CLOM, 42.3%, 423 42 (42.3% 129 12 9 12.9% 350 35 35.0% quality (FLF 441 3.441.6 34416 344 3.4 163 1.6 6 (3.44-1. 931 1.931.1 19311 193 1.9 113 1.1 1.93-1. 221 1.221.6 12216 122 1.2 167 (1.22-1. 552 1.552.2 15522 155 1.5 220 2.2 1.55-2. 15.5%27.8 15527 15.5 278 27.8 (15.5%-27. 23.4%8.0 2348 234 23.4 80 8.0 23.4%-8. 42.3% (42.3 12.9 35.0 3.441. 3441 34 3. 16 1. (3.44-1 1.931. 1931 19 11 1.93-1 1.221. 1221 (1.22-1 1.552. 1552 2. 1.55-2 15.5%27. 15. 27. (15.5%-27 23.4%8. 23. 8. 23.4%-8 42.3 (42. 12. 35. 3.441 (3.44- 1.931 1.93- 1.221 (1.22- 1.552 1.55- 15.5%27 (15.5%-2 23.4%8 23.4%- 42. (42 (3.44 (1.22 15.5%2 (15.5%- (4 (3.4 (1.2 (15.5% ( (3. (1. (15.5 (3 (1 (15. (15

A novel electroanalytical approach is presented for the determination of ronidazole in environmental and food matrices by applying a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode and the square-wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry technique. From the studies of cyclic voltammetry to investigate the electroactivity of the ronidazole molecule, the occurrence of an irreversible cathodic process was verifed, which was more effciently detected using the cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode compared to the anodically pretreated electrode. Still on the electrochemical response of ronidazole, the effects of pH and scan rate were studied and, its apparent diffusion coeffcient was determined by chronoamperometry (8.20 × 10-6cm2s-1). Under optimal experimental conditions, the analytical curve obtained for ronidazole was linear in two concentration ranges (12.70 to 63.40 µmol L-1 and 76.04 to 126.2 µmol L-1), with a limit of detection of 2.55 µmol L-1. For intra- and inter-day repeatabilities, relative standard deviations of only 2.7 and 3.5% were verifed, which demonstrated the stable analytical response of the electrode. Recovery percentages ranging from 96 to 100% were achieved in the analysis of natural water and whole milk samples. Therefore, the proposed electroanalytical method shows satisfactory analytical performance towards ronidazole determination in varied matrice samples. borondoped boron doped squarewave square wave technique molecule verifed 8.20 820 8 20 (8.2 106cm2s1. 106cm2s1 cms 10 6cm2s 1 . cm s 10-6cm2s-1) conditions 12.70 1270 12 70 (12.7 6340 63 40 63.4 L1 L L- 7604 76 04 76.0 1262 126 2 126. L1, , L-1) 255 55 2.5 L1. 1. intra interday inter day repeatabilities 27 7 2. 35 3 5 3.5 9 100 samples Therefore 8.2 82 (8. 106cm2s 10-6cm2s-1 12.7 127 (12. 634 6 4 63. 760 0 76. 25 3. 8. (8 10-6cm2s- 12. (12 ( 10-6cm2s (1

ABSTRACT This study investigated the effectiveness of using the X-ray technique to assess the viability of papaya seeds. The X-ray images were performed in eight replicates of 25 seeds, placed on transparent acrylic plates on double-sided adhesive tape, previously identified, and then submitted to radiation in X-ray equipment "HP Faxitron". After exposure to X-ray radiation, the seeds were submitted to the germination test in rolls of germitest paper and kept in a germination chamber at 20-30 °C for 30 days. Seedlings were photographed and evaluated as normal seedlings, abnormal and non-germinated seeds. Afterward, the X-ray images and the seedlings from the same seeds were visually compared, and the X-ray images clearly showed seeds with and without internal filling. All abnormal seedlings were full seeds; therefore, X-ray images were not able to separate normal and abnormal. A 100% accuracy was verified by comparing the X-ray images and their respective seedlings, full seeds originated normal or abnormal seedlings, and empty seeds corresponded to non-germinated seeds. Therefore, using X-ray images is a promising technique to identify the viability of papaya seeds. The automated analysis of X-ray images is a simple, fast, and efficient technique to provide information on seed viability and generate parameters related to their germination capacity. Xray X ray 2 doublesided double sided tape identified HP Faxitron. Faxitron . Faxitron" 2030 20 20-3 C 3 days nongerminated non germinated Afterward compared filling therefore 100 Therefore simple fast capacity 203 20- 10 1

ABSTRACT One of the tools used to investigate the influence of environmental contaminants and other stresses on the development of organisms is the analysis of morphometric traits used to detect changes in growth and size patterns. To evaluate the effects of the heavy metal lead (Pb) present in experimentally contaminated soil on the morphometric traits of the aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) reared on cultivated Brassica oleracea L. (var. acephala), we analyzed three different metrics: morphometry, allometry, and fluctuating asymmetry (FA). Additionally, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of these analyses in detecting environmental stress. We cultivated kale plants in soil contaminated with the maximum allowable limit of Pb for local soils in Brazil, and the colonization of plants by aphids occurred naturally under field conditions. After collection, we photographed and measured the antennae, tibiae, and total body length of aphids from the control and contaminated treatments. We observed no significant differences in the allometry and morphometric analysis, and the presence of the contaminant did not result in any observed FA. The study demonstrated that the morphometric trait analyses employed were not effective in detecting environmental stress resulting from field exposure of aphids to Pb in soil, since these insects suffered a reduction in their population density in the presence of Pb, as indicated in our previous findings. This result diverges from those found in studies conducted under laboratory conditions. We discussed mechanisms of metal accumulation, detoxification in aphids, and population aspects in natural conditions. patterns (Pb L (L. var. var (var acephala, acephala , acephala) metrics morphometry FA . (FA) Additionally Brazil conditions collection antennae tibiae treatments findings accumulation (L (FA

Purpose This study aims to identify the interfaces between Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies and circular supply chains (CSC) in Brazilian foodtechs, focusing on key stakeholders’ perspectives to understand the efficiency and sustainability impacts of these integrations. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative exploratory research design, the study analyzes eight Brazilian foodtechs through interviews and content analysis. It identifies CSC practices and examines the adherence of I4.0 technologies within these enterprises, assessing stakeholder engagement and the implications for CSC optimization. Findings Fifteen CSC practices were identified across the foodtechs, with notable integration of three distinct I4.0 technologies. The findings suggest that while I4.0 technologies enhance efficiency in CSC, their adoption is in early stages. Stakeholder engagement emerges as a crucial element for optimizing CSC in the context of Brazilian foodtechs. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the academic discussion on the synergy between I4.0 and circular economy (CE) models, providing empirical evidence of their application in the foodtech sector and highlighting the role of stakeholders in facilitating these integrations. Practical implications The findings suggest that stakeholder engagement in circular practices is vital for both supply chain and organizational levels, with potential benefits including improved efficiency and sustainability outcomes. The research also underscores the need for public sector support, including regulatory frameworks and incentives for adopting I4.0 technologies. Social implications By demonstrating how I4.0 technologies can support CE practices in foodtechs, the study highlights the potential for these integrations to contribute to more sustainable and efficient food systems, addressing environmental concerns and promoting social well-being. Originality/value This study addresses a gap in the literature by exploring the interface between I4.0 technologies and CSC in the emerging context of Brazilian foodtechs, offering insights into the practical and societal benefits of these integrations. 40 4 0 4. I40 I I4 (I4.0 (CSC Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach design analysis I4. enterprises optimization stages limitationsimplications limitations (CE models levels outcomes systems wellbeing. wellbeing well being. being well-being Originalityvalue Originality value (I4. (I4 (I

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to carry out the extraction and chemical characterization of oil from crambe treated with resistance inducers during its cultivation to promote greater efficiency in the defense system of plants. For this purpose, Agromos® and Ecolife® inducers were applied at rates of 0.5 and 1.0 L hectare−1 during crambe cultivation. Crambe seed oil was obtained in a Soxhlet extractor using n-hexane as a solvent and the oils were characterized in terms of fatty acid composition and minority compound contents (phytosterol and tocopherol). The oil obtained from seeds without the application of inducers (control) was also characterized. We determine the oxidative stability of oils with inducer application that presented higher minority compound contents. Crambe seeds that received the treatment with the Agromos® resistance inducer had higher oil content. However, in general, the fatty acid profile of the obtained oils was similar and showed a predominance of erucic and oleic acids (which represent ~82% of the composition). The application of the Agromos® inducer allowed obtaining seeds that provided oil with higher contents of phytosterols and tocopherols and higher oxidative stability. ABSTRACT plants purpose Agromos Ecolife 05 0 5 0. 10 1 1. hectare1 hectare hectare− nhexane n hexane phytosterol tocopherol. tocopherol . tocopherol) control (control content However general which 82 ~82 composition. composition) 8 ~8 ~

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of forest restoration consortium or not with eucalyptus in the recovery of edaphic attributes. Three of them were managed with the following forest restorations: natural regeneration after clear cutting of eucalyptus planting (RP), planting of native species after clear cutting of eucalyptus planting (RA) and planting of native species after cutting 50% of eucalyptus planting (RAE), and of a secondary forest (FR). Sixteen (16) soil samples were collected in each area for the analysis of the physical and chemical attributes. The restoration with RA promoted a less acidic pH, lower Al 3+ content, higher P content and higher V%, similar to FR. The RAE and RP restorations favor an increase in SB, CTC, N and in the organic carbon content. attributes RP, , (RP) (RA 50 RAE, (RAE) FR . (FR) 16 (16 pH 3 V V% SB CTC (RP 5 (RAE (FR 1 (1 (

ABSTRACT In the Cerrado, the palm swamps ( veredas ) are characterized by being humid and stable environments that lead to the formation of Histosols ( Organossolos ). and soils with surface horizons of organic constitution, which are fragile and sensitive to anthropic action. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of anthropization (recurrent forest fires and livestock farming) on the chemical, physical and morphological properties of soils in two palm swamps in the Environmental Preservation Area (EPA) of Pandeiros River, Minas Gerais, namely: Água Doce, in preserved condition, and Taboa, in anthropized condition. Four soil profiles were morphologically described, two profiles in each palm swamp, with subsequent chemical and physical analyses, calculations of organic carbon stock and identification of the origin of organic matter. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Soil morphological properties were influenced by vegetation cover, drainage and anthropization conditions. As for the physical and chemical properties, adequate values were observed in the preserved palm swamp, including lower bulk density values and higher cation contents. Anthropic actions in the anthropized palm swamp caused degradation of soils, revealed by subsidence, reduction in organic carbon content, increase in bulk density and decrease in fertility. Changes promoted in the soils of the palm swamps compromise ecosystem services, indicating that actions at either local or governmental level should be stimulated for the preservation and conservation of these environments. Cerrado . constitution action recurrent farming EPA (EPA River Gerais namely Doce condition Taboa described analyses matter Pearsons Pearson s coefficient cover conditions contents subsidence content fertility services

Abstract In this study we investigate the niche interaction between the frogs Physalameus cuvieri and Physalaemus kroyeri that occur in syntopy in water bodies of the Atlantic Forest located in the eastern Bahia State, Brazil. We investigated the niche width and overlap in the calling activity time, microhabitat use, diet composition, advertisement call, and body size. Both species preferred the same substrate and calling substrate categories, and showed low niche width values and high spatial niche overlap values. The pseudocommunity analysis revealed the absence of competition in space use. Ants and termites were the most important items in the diet of both species with the pseudocommunity analysis indicating an absence of competition in the diet. The two species demonstrate a greater similarity in body proportions and a high overlap in the calling activity time. However, they showed divergence in acoustic parameters, especially in the dominant frequency and call duration. Our results reinforce the role of advertisement call as a relevant attribute for anuran coexistence and highlight the importance of analyzing the various axes of the multidimensional niche for the most reliable description of the existence and magnitude of niche partitioning. State Brazil time use composition size categories However parameters duration partitioning

ABSTRACT Sandy texture soils have a great expression in agricultural areas worldwide. In the Baixada Fluminense, soils with a sandy texture on the surface horizons are striking, and a good part of these areas is destined for producing vegetables using conventional cultivation methods. The sandy texture is one of the great challenges for agriculture due to the low water retention capacity provided to the soil, the rapid decomposition of organic matter, and the intense loss of nutrients by leaching. In these areas, the action of erosive processes is sometimes observed, whether water or wind erosion. The practices carried out in conventional agriculture can accentuate these processes. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different soil management systems, with different vegetation covers, on the pathways of aggregate formation, the nutrient contents contained therein, and the organic matter fractions, with the objective of using these properties as indicators of soil quality. The study was carried out in an organic production unit, with no-till system (NT) and conventional system (CT), three vegetal covers were evaluated, namely; seed cocktail 1 (C1) (Crotalaria (Crotalaria juncea) (20 kg ha-1), Jack Bean (Canavalia ensiformis) (150 kg ha-1) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (60 kg ha-1)), and seed cocktail 2 (C2) (with 50 % of the amount of seeds used in C1), and spontaneous plants (S. P). Undisturbed samples were collected at the layers of 0.00-0.05 and 0.05-0.10 m, and, from these samples, aggregates with a diameter between 9.7 and 8.0 mm were classified according to the formation route (Biogenic or Physicogenic). From these, the chemical properties were quantified (pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, P, Na+, K+), and also the carbon fractions (total organic carbon – TOC, mineral-associated organic carbon – MAOC), particulate organic carbon – POC, and free light fraction carbon – LFC). Based on the results, it was verified that the percentage of biogenic aggregates was higher than the physicogenic one in the layer of 0.00-0.05 m, not being verified influences of the vegetal coverage or the management system. Chemical properties did not differ significantly between training pathways. The CT, for the most part, was the system in which the highest values of chemical properties were observed, and in general, the C2 and S.P coatings were the ones that provided the greatest improvements for chemical properties and carbon content. worldwide Fluminense striking methods leaching observed erosion systems therein quality unit notill no till NT (NT CT , (CT) evaluated namely C1 C (C1 Crotalaria juncea 20 (2 ha1, ha1 ha Canavalia ensiformis 150 (15 ha-1 Pennisetum glaucum 60 (6 ha-1)) (C2 5 C1, C1) S. S (S P. P . P) 0.000.05 000005 0.00 0.05 0 00 05 0.00-0.0 0.050.10 005010 0.10 10 0.05-0.1 m 97 9 7 9. 80 8 8. Biogenic Physicogenic. Physicogenic Physicogenic) pH, pH (pH Ca2 Ca Ca2+ Mg2 Mg Mg2+ Al3 Al Al3+ Na Na+ K+, K K+ K+) total TOC mineralassociated mineral associated MAOC, MAOC MAOC) POC LFC. LFC LFC) results general SP content (CT (C ( 15 (1 ha- 6 000 0.000.0 00000 0.0 005 0.00-0. 050 0.050.1 00501 010 0.1 0.05-0. 0.000. 0000 0. 0.00-0 0.050. 0050 01 0.05-0 0.000 0.00- 0.050 0.05-

ABSTRACT. The screening of cover crops is essential for improving the physical-hydric properties of compacted soils. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mixed or single cover crops on improving the physical-hydric properties of compacted Oxisol. Species with tap-rooted and fibrous-rooted rooting patterns were evaluated. The species included pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), sunn hemp (Crotalaria spectabilis), velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens), white oat (Avena sativa), black oat (Avena strigosa), rye (Secale cereale), black oat + forage turnip (Raphanus sativus), black oat + white lupin (Lupinus albus L.), and black oat + group pea (Pisum arvense L.). Mixing cover crops did not improve the physical properties of the soil. The tap-rooted pigeon pea effectively reduces bulk density and increases porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) in compact soils. The selection of cover crops with characteristics that improve soil physical-hydric properties is crucial for compacted areas. ABSTRACT physicalhydric hydric soils Oxisol taprooted tap rooted fibrousrooted fibrous evaluated Pennisetum americanum, americanum , americanum) Cajanus cajan, cajan cajan) Crotalaria spectabilis, spectabilis spectabilis) Mucuna pruriens, pruriens pruriens) Avena sativa, sativa sativa) strigosa, strigosa strigosa) Secale cereale, cereale cereale) Raphanus sativus, sativus sativus) Lupinus L., L L. L.) Pisum L.. . Ksat (Ksat areas