Resumen El cerrado se caracteriza como un importante bioma brasileño, estructurando en su interior cuencas hidrográficas estratégicas tanto para el territorio nacional como internacional. A pesar de su importancia, el bioma ha sido cada vez más afectado por actividades antropogénicas. En este sentido, este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar y comprender las características físico-hídricas del suelo de una fitofisonomía de Cerrado Ralo presente en el Chapadão do Diamante (Serra da Canastra-MG), proporcionando la base necesaria para la valoración y el desarrollo de futuras formas de manejo en áreas similares. Para ello, se utilizó un simulador de lluvia y un infiltrómetro de anillos concéntricos para la prospección de datos de campo. Los resultados demostraron una alta capacidad de infiltración en el área de estudio, sin mostrar volúmenes significativos de escorrentía superficial incluso bajo precipitaciones de alta intensidad (57,35 mm), exponiendo valores elevados de velocidad de infiltración básica (VIB) de 626,56 mm/h. En general, estos valores están asociados a la dinámica de los elementos paisajísticos, destacando la relevancia de los procesos biológicos, como la acción de la vegetación y la pedofauna, en la modulación de la capacidad del suelo para retener, infiltrar y almacenar agua. brasileño internacional importancia antropogénicas sentido físicohídricas físico hídricas Serra CanastraMG, CanastraMG Canastra MG , Canastra-MG) similares ello campo estudio 57,35 5735 57 35 (57,3 mm, mm mm) VIB (VIB 62656 626 56 626,5 mmh h mm/h general paisajísticos biológicos pedofauna retener agua Canastra-MG 57,3 573 5 3 (57, 6265 62 626, 57, (57 6 (5 (

Abstract The Cerrado is characterized as an important Brazilian biome, forming strategic hydrographic basins within its territory that are significant both nationally and internationally. Despite its importance, the biome has been increasingly impacted by anthropogenic activities. In this context, this study aims to analyze and understand the physical-hydraulic characteristics of the soil in a sparse Cerrado physiognomy located in the Chapadão do Diamante (Serra da Canastra-MG), providing the necessary foundation for the assessment and development of future management strategies for similar areas. For field data prospecting, a rain simulator and a concentric ring infiltrometer were used. The results demonstrated a high infiltration capacity in the study area, with no significant surface runoff even under high-intensity precipitation (57.35 mm), revealing high values of basic infiltration velocity (BIV) at 626.56 mm/h. Overall, these values are associated with the dynamics of landscape elements, emphasizing the importance of biological processes, such as the role of vegetation and soil fauna, in modulating the soil's ability to retain, infiltrate, and store water. internationally activities context physicalhydraulic physical hydraulic Serra CanastraMG, CanastraMG Canastra MG , Canastra-MG) areas prospecting used area highintensity intensity 57.35 5735 57 35 (57.3 mm, mm mm) BIV (BIV 62656 626 56 626.5 mmh h mm/h Overall elements processes fauna soils s retain infiltrate water Canastra-MG 57.3 573 5 3 (57. 6265 62 626. 57. (57 6 (5 (

Resumo O cerrado caracteriza-se como importante bioma brasileiro, estruturando em seu interior bacias hidrográficas estratégicas tanto para o território nacional como internacional. Apesar de sua importância, o bioma vem sendo cada vez mais suprimido por atividades antrópicas. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar e compreender as características físico-hídricas do solo de uma fitofisionomia de Cerrado Ralo presente no Chapadão do diamante (Serra da Canastra-MG), gerando embasamento necessário para valoração e surgimento de futuras formas de manejo a áreas semelhantes. Para tal utilizou-se para prospecção de dados de campo um simulador de chuvas e um infiltrômetro de anéis concêntricos. Os resultados demostraram para área de estudos alta capacidade de infiltração, não exibindo volumes escoados superficialmente mesmo sob precipitações de alta intensidade (57,35mm), expondo altos valores de velocidade de infiltração básica (VIB) 626,56 mm/h. No geral, os valores estão associados a dinâmica dos elementos paisagísticos, destacando a relevância dos processos biológicos, como a ação da vegetação e da pedofauna na modulação da capacidade do solo em reter, infiltrar e armazenar a água. caracterizase caracteriza se brasileiro internacional importância antrópicas sentido físicohídricas físico hídricas Serra CanastraMG, CanastraMG Canastra MG , Canastra-MG) semelhantes utilizouse utilizou concêntricos 57,35mm, 5735mm mm 57,35mm 57 35mm (57,35mm) VIB (VIB 62656 626 56 626,5 mmh h mm/h geral paisagísticos biológicos reter água Canastra-MG 5 (57,35mm 6265 62 626, 6

Seminal studies stated that bean proteins are efficient neuronal tracers with affinity for brain tissue. A low molecular weight peptide fraction (<3kDa) from Phaseolus vulgaris (PV3) was previously reported to be antioxidant, non-cytotoxic, and capable of reducing reactive oxygen species and increasing nitric oxide in cells. We evaluated the effects of PV3 (5, 50, 100, 500, and 5000 µg/kg) on behavior and the molecular routes potentially involved. Acute and chronic PV3 treatments were performed before testing Wistar rats: i) in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) to assess the anxiolytic-like effect; ii) in the open field (OF) to evaluate locomotion and exploration; and iii) for depression-like behavior in forced swimming (FS). Catecholaminergic involvement was tested using the tyrosine hydroxylases (TH) enzyme inhibitor, α-methyl-DL-tyrosine (AMPT). Brain areas of chronically treated groups were dissected to assess: i) lipid peroxidation (LPO); ii) carbonylated proteins (CP); iii) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymatic activities. Neuronal nitric oxide synthases (nNOS) and argininosuccinate synthase (ASS) protein expression was evaluated by western blotting. Acute treatment with PV3 increased the frequency and time spent in the EPM open arms, suggesting anxiolysis. PV3 increased crossing episodes in the OF. These PV3 effects on anxiety and locomotion were absent in the chronically treated group. Acute and chronic PV3 treatments reduced the immobility time in the FS test, suggesting an antidepressant effect. TH inhibition by AMPT reverted acute PV3 effects. PV3 decreased LPO and CP levels and SOD and CAT activities, whereas nNOS and ASS were reduced in few brain areas. In conclusion, PV3 displayed central antioxidant actions that are concomitant to catecholaminergic-dependent anxiolytic and antidepressant effects.

RESUMO Avaliações com o intuito de mensurar marcadores de eficiência na performance esportiva do cavalo Crioulo são escassas e de fundamental importância no que tange às possíveis especificidades da raça. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar e determinar os padrões de frequência cardíaca, velocidade, concentração de lactato e gasto energético de equinos da raça Crioula durante provas credenciadoras ao Freio de Ouro. Tais variáveis foram avaliadas durante a realização das etapas funcionais da competição. Observaram-se flutuações superiores da variável frequência cardíaca (FC) durante a realização das etapas de Andadura, Figura, Volta sobre Patas e Esbarradas (And/fig/VSP) (203bpm) e menores valores na etapa Paleteada II (185bpm) (P<0,05). Em relação à velocidade, o maior valor atingido foi registrado na etapa de Paleteada II (39,7km/h). A concentração de lactato sanguíneo aferida se mostrou elevada em todas as fases da competição, sendo o maior valor observado na etapa de Paleteada II (14,5mmol/L) (P<0,05) e o menor durante a etapa de Mangueira I (9,3mmol/L). Superior gasto energético foi atribuído à etapa de And/Fig/VSP (853,28kcal/kgPV/min). Portanto, todas as etapas funcionais podem ser classificadas como anaeróbias, por apresentarem concentrações de lactato sanguíneo acima de 4mmol/L, e demandam alto gasto energético pelos competidores.

ABSTRACT Evaluations of athletic performance markers of Crioulo breed horses are scarce yet fundamentally important regarding possible unique characteristics of this breed. This study aimed to evaluate and determine heart rate, speed, blood lactate and energy expenditure patterns of Crioulo breed horses during qualifying tests in the functional phases of the “Freio de Ouro” championship. Higher values of heart rate during the phases “andadura, figura, voltas sobre patas, esbarradas” (And/Fig/VSP) (203bpm) and lower values at “Paleteada II” (185bpm) (P<0.05) were noticed. Regarding speed variable, the maximum value was registered at “Paleteada II” (39.7km/h). During all the phases, blood lactate concentration was high, with the highest value found at “Paleteada II” (14.5mm/L) and the lowest during “Mangueira I” (9.3mm/L) (P<0.05). Superior energy expenditure was noticed in the “And/Fig/VSP” phase (853.28Kcal/kgPV/min). Thus, all functional phases can be classified as anaerobic, as blood lactate concentrations remained above 4mmol/L, with high energy demand of the horses.

The heptapeptide Bj-PRO-7a, isolated and identified from Bothrops jararaca (Bj) venom, produces antihypertensive and other cardiovascular effects that are independent on angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, possibly relying on cholinergic muscarinic receptors subtype 1 (M1R). However, whether Bj-PRO-7a acts upon the central nervous system and modifies behavior is yet to be determined. Therefore, the aims of this study were: i) to assess the effects of acute administration of Bj-PRO-7a upon behavior; ii) to reveal mechanisms involved in the effects of Bj-PRO-7a upon locomotion/exploration, anxiety, and depression-like behaviors. For this purpose, adult male Wistar (WT, wild type) and spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) received intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (0.9% NaCl), diazepam (2 mg/kg), imipramine (15 mg/kg), Bj-PRO-7a (71, 213 or 426 nmol/kg), pirenzepine (852 nmol/kg), α-methyl-DL-tyrosine (200 mg/kg), or chlorpromazine (2 mg/kg), and underwent elevated plus maze, open field, and forced swimming tests. The heptapeptide promoted anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects and increased locomotion/exploration. These effects of Bj-PRO-7a seem to be dependent on M1R activation and dopaminergic receptors and rely on catecholaminergic pathways.

Conventionally, vineyard fertilizer management has been based on information from composite soil samples and no account has been taken of the existing spatial variability in soil fertility. This study presents a quantitative analysis of soil phosphorus (P2O5) and potassium (K2O) content as well as pH carried out in an 80 ha vineyard, during 2011 and 2013 in order to identify their spatial variability and temporal stability. Additionally a quantitative analysis of plant P2O5 and K2O content was carried out in 2013 with the objective of evaluating the spatial variability of plant nutrients.In 2013 a contact sensor was used to survey soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) and an active optical sensor was used to measure the plant Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The results showed a low potential for implementing site-specific management of phosphorus fertilizer but an interesting potential for implementing site-specific management of potassium fertilizer and pH correction. The concentration of P2O5 and K2O in the plant showed a CV<30%, with adequate values in almost the entire area of the field, in contrast to the concentration of these main macronutrients in the topsoil. These results show that for differential nutrient management of vineyards, plant nutrient concentration is a more stable tool than soil nutrients concentration. The ECa and the NDVI presented weak correlations with soil and plant concentration of, , respectively, P2O5 and K2O, which shows that further development of vegetation operational sensors is needed to support decision making in the vineyard fertilization management.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de inclusão da casca da mandioca (CM) sobre a composição centesimal e de ácidos graxos do músculo Longíssimus de cordeiros. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros mestiços Santa Inês, machos não castrados, peso corporal médio de 21 ± 1,5kg. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso aos animais, cujo os níveis de inclusão da CM foram (0, 10, 20, 30%) baseado na matéria seca da dieta. Utilizou-se como volumoso o feno da parte aérea de mandioca, e a relação volumoso:concentrado foi de 48:52. O experimento teve duração de 70 dias. Logo após, os cordeiros passaram por um jejum sólido de 16h e, depois, foram abatidos. A carcaça foi conduzida à câmara fria, permanecendo por 24h, a uma temperatura de 4°C. Na carcaça fria, foi retirada uma amostra do músculo Longíssimus, a qual foi congelada (4°C), até o início das análises. Os resultados de umidade, cinzas e proteína não foram influenciados pela CM, observando-se efeito linear decrescente para os teores de lipídeos. Com relação à composição de ácidos graxos, houve efeito linear para o C15:0 e efeito quadrático para C14:0, C18:0 e C22:0. Nos monoinsaturados, observou-se efeito linear para C16:1, C18:1-9c e C22:1-9c e efeito quadrático para C15:1, C17:1 e C20:1; já nos poli-insaturados, foi observado efeito linear para CLA, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3 e C22:6n-3, e quadrático para C20:2 e C18:3n-6. Assim, conclui-se que a composição centesimal e de ácidos graxos apresenta variações em razão da inclusão da CM, porém não compromete a qualidade da carne.

ABSTRACT This study sought to evaluate the effects of the inclusion of cassava peel on the centesimal composition and fatty acids of the Longissimus muscle of lambs. We used 32 uncastrated crossbred Santa Inês lambs, with average body weight of 21 ± 1.5 kg. Treatments were in a completely randomized design, with the inclusion of cassava peel (0, 10, 20, 30%) in the diet dry matter. Hay from the cassava shoot has been used as forage and the forage:concentrate ratio was 48:52. The experiment lasted 70 days and then the lambs underwent a fast for 16 hours, were slaughtered, and their carcasses remained at a temperature of 4°C for 24 hours. In cold carcass the Longissimus muscle were taken and frozen (4°C) until the analysis. The results for moisture, ashes and protein were not influenced by cassava peel, and a decreasing linear effect was observed for the lipids levels. In composition of unsaturated fatty acids, there was a linear effect for C15:0 and a quadratic effect for C14:0, C18:0 and C22:0. Regarding the monounsaturated fatty acids, a linear effect has been observed for C16:1, C18:1-9c and C22:1-9c, and a quadratic effect for C15:1, C17:1 and C20:1. With the polyunsaturated fatty acids, a linear effect was observed for CLA, C20:3n-6, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3 and C22:6n-3, and a quadratic effect was seen for C20:2 and C18:3n-6. Thus, it is concluded that the centesimal and fatty acid composition varies depending on the inclusion of cassava peel, however, it does not compromise the quality of the meat.

RESUMO:Os efeitos da anestesia com o óleo essencial de Ocimum gratissimum (EOO) em parâmetros de estresse após manuseio foram investigados em jundiás (Rhamdia quelen). EOO foi obtido a partir das partes aéreas por hidrodestilação. Os juvenis foram anestesiados com 70 ou 300 mg L-1 de EOO e expostos ao ar por 1 minuto. Os peixes foram amostrados imediatamente ou transferidos para aquários sem anestésico até amostragem. No primeiro experimento, os juvenis tiveram seu sangue coletado em 0, 1, 4, e 8 h após manuseio para avaliar os níveis de cortisol e glicemia. Os animais não anestesiados foram contidos manualmente para coleta sanguínea. No segundo experimento, amostras de água foram coletadas do aquário de recuperação dos animais para avaliação do fluxo iônico entre 0 - 4 h e 4 - 8 h. Grupos controles em água e etanol também foram realizados sobre as mesmas condições. Os resultados demonstraram que os níveis de cortisol não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Hiperglicemia foi detectada em peixes expostos a 70 e 300 mg L-1 de EOO em 1 h e 4 h após o manuseio. Após 8 h, os teores de cortisol e glicose foram menores ou similares aqueles imediatamente após o manuseio para todos os tratamentos. A anestesia com EOO preveniu o efluxo de Na+ observado para os grupos controle em ambos os períodos avaliados. Ocorreram efluxos de Cl- and K+ entre 0 - 4 h e influxos entre 4 - 8 h após o manuseio para a maioria dos tratamentos, e estes eventos não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Os resultados sugerem que o EOO não prejudica a recuperação do animal frente ao evento estressor ou atua como estressor adicional ao manuseio em jundiás.

RESUMO:The effects of anesthesia with the essential oil of Ocimum gratissimum (EOO) in parameters of stress after handling were investigated in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). EOO was obtained from the aerial parts by hydrodistillation. Juveniles were anesthetized with 70 or 300 mg L-1 EOO and submitted to air exposure for 1 minute. The fishes were sampled immediately or transferred to anesthetic-free aquaria until sampling. In the first experiment, juveniles had their blood collected at 0, 1, 4, and 8 h after handling to assay plasma cortisol and blood glucose levels. The unanesthetized animals were restrained manually for blood collection. In the second experiment, water samples of the recovery aquaria were collected to evaluate net ion fluxes at 0 - 4 h and 4 - 8 h. Water and ethanol controls were also performed under the same conditions. The results showed that the cortisol levels did not differ among the treatments. Hyperglycemia was verified in fish exposed to 70 and 300 mg L-1 EOO at 1 h and 4 h after handling. After 8 h, cortisol and glucose concentrations were lower or similar than those from immediately after handling for all treatments. EOO anesthesia prevented Na+ efflux observed in the control groups in both flux periods. There were net Cl- and K+ effluxes at 0 - 4 h and influxes at 4 - 8 h after handling in most treatments, and these fluxes did not differ among the treatments. The results suggest that EOO did not impair stress recovery and did not act as an additional handling stressor in silver catfish.

RESUMO Artigo de revisão que trata da importância do tratamento da xerose e de fissuras nos pés de pacientes com diabetes mellitus. Essas fissuras se não tratadas, constituem porta de entrada para infecções e podem resultar na formação de úlceras, que são a causa mais comum das amputações de extremidades de causa não traumática. Por isso a prevenção de fissuras nos pés de diabéticos é fundamental, já que a cicatrização é um processo complicado nesses pacientes, devido à hiperglicemia. Aborda sobre produtos usados no tratamento de xerose e fissuras e o crescente interesse de pesquisadores e do mercado no uso de fitoterápicos com esse objetivo.

ABSTRACT A review article that deals with the importance of treating xerosis and fissures in the feet of patients with diabetes mellitus. These wounds can be a gateway to infections and may result in the formation of ulcers, if untreated. The ulcers are the most common cause for the amputations of extremities at non-traumatic cases. For this reason, the prevention of fissures in the feet of diabetic patientsis basal, since healing is a complicated process in this patients because of their hyperglycemia symptom. This article addresses the products employed in the therapy of xerosis and fissures, and also investigates the increasing interest of researchers and market in the application of phytotherapic medicines for this purpose.

This study evaluated the sedative and anesthetic effects of the essential oils (EO) of Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq. and their isolated components on silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Quantitative chemical differences between the EOs obtained from leaves and inflorescences were verified, and a new chemotype rich in globulol was described. Although there were no significant differences in the time of induction for sedation and anesthesia between the EOs, only the leaf EO at 344 mg/L anesthetized all fish without side effects. Fractionation of the leaf EO was carried out by column chromatography. The isolated compounds [(+)-1-terpinen-4-ol and (-)-globulol] showed different activity from that detected for the leaf EO in proportional concentrations and similar sedation to a eugenol control at 10 mg/L. However, fish exposed to 1-terpinen-4-ol (3 and 10 mg/L) did not remain sedated for 30 min. Anesthesia was obtained with 83-190 mg/L globulol, but animals showed loss of mucus during induction and mortality at these concentrations. Synergism of the depressor effects was detected with the association of globulol and benzodiazepine (BDZ), compared with either drug alone. Fish exposed to BDZ or globulol+BDZ association showed faster recovery from anesthesia in water containing flumazenil, but the same did not occur with globulol. In conclusion, the use of globulol in aquaculture procedures should be considered only at sedative concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/L, and its mechanism of action seems not to involve the GABAA-BDZ system.

O conhecimento dos fatores que influenciam a lixiviação dos herbicidas no solo possibilita o uso seguro do produto do ponto de vista ambiental, além de ser fundamental para que se façam recomendações tecnicamente corretas. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a lixiviação do ametryn em quatro solos brasileiros, com diferentes características físico-químicas, e comparar o método cromatográfico com o biológico em estudos de mobilidade desse herbicida. Os substratos avaliados foram: Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo (LVA) pH 5,40 e pH 6,11, Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo húmico (LVAh) pH 4,8 e pH 6,24, Latossolo Vermelho (LV) pH 5,00 e pH 6,06 e Latossolo Amarelo (LA) pH 6,30 e 10 profundidades na coluna (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35-40, 40-45 e 45-50 cm), mais uma testemunha de cada substrato sem aplicação do herbicida, com quatro repetições. Os substratos foram colocados em colunas devidamente preparadas para estudos de mobilidade. A espécie Cucumis sativus foi utilizada como bioindicadora da presença do ametryn. Concluiu-se que os teores de matéria orgânica e pH dos solos avaliados foram as características que mais interferiram na mobilidade do ametryn e que o ensaio biológico se mostrou eficiente como indicador da lixiviação desse herbicida nas colunas. Comprovou-se que o método biológico por bioensaios pode ser utilizado como método preliminar ou complementar ao método instrumental, visando à confirmação de resultados e, ou, redução de custos e tempo das análises.

The knowledge of the factors that influence herbicide leaching in the soil enables the safe use of the product in the environment, besides being fundamental in the formulation of technically correct recommendations. The objectives of this study were to evaluate ametryn leaching in four Brazilian soils with different physicochemical characteristics, and to compare the chromatographic and biological methods in studies on this herbicide's mobility. The substrates used were: Red-Yellow Latosol (LVA) pH 5.40 and pH 6.11, Red-Yellow humic Latosol (LVAh) pH 4.8 and pH 6.24, Red Latosol (LV) and pH 5.00 pH 6.06 and Yellow Latosol (LA) pH 6.30 and 10 depths in the column (0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20, 20-25, 25-30, 30-35, 35 - 40, 40-45 and 45-50cm) and a control without herbicide application on each substrate, with four replications. The substrates were placed in columns properly prepared for mobility studies. The species Cucumis sativus was used as a bio-indicator of the presence of ametryn. It was concluded that the organic matter levels and soil pH evaluated were the characteristics that most interfered with ametryn's mobility and that the biological assay proved to be effective as an indicator of this herbicide's leaching in the columns. Therefore, the method for biological assays can be used as a preliminary method or as a complement to the instrumental method to confirm results and/or the reduction of costs and analysis time.

The objective of this study was to identify the possible involvement of the GABAergic system in the anesthetic effect of Lippia alba essential oil (EO). We propose a new animal model using silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) exposed to an anesthetic bath to study the mechanism of action of EO. To observe the induction and potentiation of the anesthetic effect of EO, juvenile silver catfish (9.30 ± 1.85 g; 10.15 ± 0.95 cm; N = 6) were exposed to various concentrations of L. alba EO in the presence or absence of diazepam [an agonist of high-affinity binding sites for benzodiazepinic (BDZ) sites coupled to the GABA A receptor complex]. In another experiment, fish (N = 6) were initially anesthetized with the EO and then transferred to an anesthetic-free aquarium containing flumazenil (a selective antagonist of binding sites for BDZ coupled to the GABA A receptor complex) or water to assess recovery time from the anesthesia. In this case, flumazenil was used to observe the involvement of the GABA-BDZ receptor in the EO mechanism of action. The results showed that diazepam potentiates the anesthetic effect of EO at all concentrations tested. Fish exposed to diazepam and EO showed faster recovery from anesthesia when flumazenil was added to the recovery bath (12.0 ± 0.3 and 7.2 ± 0.7, respectively) than those exposed to water (9.2 ± 0.2 and 3.5 ± 0.3, respectively). In conclusion, the results demonstrated the involvement of the GABAergic system in the anesthetic effect of L. alba EO on silver catfish.

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar os efeitos da umidade do solo sobre a capacidade de Canavalia ensiformis e Stizolobium aterrimum em remediar solos contaminados com os herbicidas tebuthiuron e trifloxysulfuron-sodium. O trabalho foi realizado em duas etapas, sendo na primeira avaliado o crescimento de C. ensiformis e S. aterrimum em solo com diferentes níveis de umidade, contaminados ou não com herbicidas. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação entre os herbicidas tebuthiuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium e ausência de herbicida, associados a quatro teores de água do solo (0,287, 0,358, 0,431 e 0,575 kg kg-1), dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 x 4, sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, para cada espécie remediadora. Após o preparo do substrato e enchimento dos vasos, aplicou-se à superfície do solo o herbicida trifloxysulfuron-sodium ou tebuthiuron. Um dia após essa aplicação, procedeu-se à semeadura das espécies remediadoras. Nessa mesma época, utilizaram-se, como testemunha, vasos sem planta remediadora, porém com os mesmos níveis de umidade e com aplicação do herbicida mantido nas mesmas condições daqueles com plantas remediadoras, as quais foram colhidas 60 dias após semeadura. Nessa ocasião, foram avaliadas a altura e a massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) dessas espécies. Todo o material colhido foi triturado e incorporado ao solo dos seus respectivos vasos. Na segunda etapa, avaliou-se a capacidade remediadora de C. ensiformis e S. aterrimum. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação entre quatro níveis de umidade e cinco tipos de cultivo prévio: cultivo de C. ensiformis e S. aterrimum na presença e ausência do herbicida e um tratamento sem cultivo prévio e com aplicação do herbicida, dispostos em esquema fatorial 4 x 5, sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, para cada herbicida avaliado. Amostras de 0,5 kg de solo foram retiradas dos vasos (6 L) utilizados na primeira etapa e colocadas em vasos de 0,5 L. Em seguida, cultivaram-se as espécies indicadoras de resíduo dos herbicidas no solo: sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) para o trifloxysulfuron-sodium e soja (Glycine max) para o tebuthiuron. Estas plantas foram colhidas 20 dias após a semeadura, época em que se avaliaram a altura, a MSPA e o grau de intoxicação delas pelos herbicidas. Canavalia ensiformis não sobreviveu até a época de avaliação (60 DAS) em solo contaminado pelo tebuthiuron, independentemente do nível de umidade mantido no solo. S. aterrimum sobreviveu quando cultivada em solo com teor de água entre 0,287 e 0,358 kg kg-1 e, quando comparada a C. ensiformis, foi mais eficiente na descontaminação do solo com residual do tebuthiuron. Nos solos contaminados com trifloxysulfuron-sodium ou com tebuthiuron, com o cultivo prévio das espécies remediadoras, o crescimento do sorgo e da soja foi melhor se comparado ao daquelas plantas cultivadas no solo onde não foi feito o cultivo das espécies remediadoras. De maneira geral, a variação da umidade não interferiu no processo de remediação, sendo os efeitos observados no desenvolvimento das espécies remediadoras. O melhor desenvolvimento de C. ensiformis e S. aterrimum foi observado em solo com teor de água mantido em torno de 0,431 kg kg-1; contudo, nesse teor de água, o tebuthiuron é mais facilmente disponibilizado para a solução do solo.

This paper aimed to evaluate the effect of soil humidity on Canavalia ensiformis and Stizolobium aterrimum capacity of remediating soil contaminated with tebuthiuron and trifloxysulfuron-sodium. The experiment was divided into two stages. In the first stage, soil at different levels of humidity were used, contaminated or not with herbicide, to evaluate C. ensiformis and S. aterrimum growth. Treatments consisted of a combination of tebuthiuron, trifloxysulfuron-sodium and herbicide absence, associated to four levels of soil water content (0.287, 0.358, 0.431 and 0.575 kg kg-1), arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme, in a completely randomized design, with three replicates for each species. Trifloxysulfuron-sodium or tebuthiuron were applied on soil surface after preparing the substrate and filling the pots, and the species were sowed one day after that. At this stage, pots with same humidity level and under the same conditions, but without remediating plants, were used as control. After 60 days, plants were harvested to evaluate height and dry matter of ground tissue. All material was ground and incorporated into soil of their respective pots. At the second stage, the remediating capacity of C. ensiformis and S. aterrimum was evaluated. Treatments consisted of five humidity levels and five types of prior cultivation, arranged in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, in a completely randomized design, with three replicates.Samples of 0.5 kg of soil were taken out from the pots previously used and placed in 0.5 L pots, where sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) was cultivated to trifloxysulfuron-sodium and soybean (Glycine max) to tebuthiuron. After 20 sowing days, plants were harvested to evaluate height, ground tissue dry matter and their intoxication level. C. ensiformis did not survive up to 60 days after sowing in tebuthiuron-contaminated soil, at any humidity level, and S. aterrimum survived when cultivated in soil between 0.287 and 0.358 kg kg-1 humidity. S. aterrimum was more efficient than C. ensiformis in soil decontamination with tebuthiuron. Sorghum and soybean grew better in soil contaminated with trifloxysulfuron-sodium or tebuthiuron, with prior cultivation, than in soil without prior cultivation. In general, remediation was not affected by humidity variation, with the effects on the development of remediating species being observed. C. ensiformis and S. aterrimum developed best in soil with humidity around 0.431 kg kg-1; however, at this level, tebuthiuron is more easily available for the soil solution.

Objetivou- se neste trabalho avaliar a capacidade remediadora das espécies vegetais feijão- de- porco (Canavalia ensiformis) e mucuna- preta (Stizolobium aterrimum), em solo adubado com composto orgânico e contaminado com o herbicida trifloxysulfuron- sodium. Na primeira etapa, avaliou- se o crescimento de C. ensiformis e S. aterrimum nos diferentes substratos, contaminados ou não com herbicida. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação entre duas doses do herbicida trifloxysulfuron- sodium (0,0 e 7,5 g ha- 1) e cinco teores de composto orgânico: 0, 25, 50, 100 e 200 m³ ha- 1 (equivalentes a 0, 1,25, 2,5, 5 e 10% do volume de solo em cada vaso, respectivamente), dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, para cada espécie remediadora. Um dia após a aplicação do herbicida à superfície do solo, procedeu- se à semeadura das espécies remediadoras, deixando- se como testemunha vasos sem planta. Na colheita, aos 60 dias após a emergência, avaliou- se a altura e a massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA) dessas espécies. Todo o material colhido foi triturado e incorporado ao solo dos seus respectivos vasos. Na segunda etapa, avaliou- se a capacidade remediadora de C. ensiformis e S. aterrimum. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela combinação entre cinco teores de composto orgânico e cinco tipos de cultivo prévio: cultivo de C. ensiformis e S. aterrimum na presença e ausência do herbicida trifloxysulfuron- sodium e um tratamento sem cultivo prévio e com aplicação de trifloxysulfuron- sodium, dispostos em esquema fatorial 5 x 5, sob delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Amostras de 100 g de solo foram retiradas dos vasos (6 L) usados na primeira etapa e colocadas em vasos de 100 cm³. Em seguida, cultivou- se sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) para indicação de resíduo do herbicida no solo. Essas plantas foram colhidas 20 dias depois, época em que se avaliaram a altura, a MSPA e o grau de intoxicação delas pelo herbicida. No solo com trifloxysulfuron- sodium e sem cultivo prévio das espécies remediadoras, as plantas de sorgo tiveram seu crescimento reduzido, mesmo com a adição de composto orgânico. O cultivo prévio de C. ensiformis e S. aterrimum proporcionou crescimento normal às plantas de sorgo, confirmando a capacidade remediadora dessas espécies. A adição de composto orgânico não influenciou a capacidade remediadora das espécies.

This study aimed to evaluate the remediating capacity of Canavalia ensiformis and Stizolobium aterrimum in soil fertilized with organic compound and contaminated with trifloxysulfuron- sodium, in an experiment divided into two stages. In the first one, the growth of C. ensiformis and S. aterrimum was evaluated in different substrates, contaminated or not with herbicide. Treatments were composed by the combination of two trifloxysulfuron- sodium rates (0.0 and 7.5 g ha- 1) and five contents of organic compound (0.25, 50, 100 and 200 m³ ha- 1), arranged in a factorial scheme 2 x 5, in a completely randomized design, with three replicates for each species. The species were sowed one day after the substrate was prepared and the pots filled, followed by herbicide application. At this stage, pots with the same content of organic compound and under the same conditions, but without the remediating plants, were used as control. After 60 days, the plants were harvested to evaluate height and dry matter of the aerial part. The material was ground and incorporated into the soil of their respective pots. In the second stage, the remediating capacity of C. ensiformis and S. aterrimum was evaluated. The treatments were composed by five contents of organic compound and five types of prior cultivation, arranged in a factorial scheme 5 x 5, in a completely randomized design, with three replicates. Samples of 100 g of soil were collected from the previously cultivated pots and placed in pots of 100 cm³, in which sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) was cultivated to indicate herbicide residue in the soil. After 20 days, the plants were harvested to evaluate height and dry matter of the aerial part and intoxication level. Sorghum growth decreased in the soil with trifloxysulfuron- sodium and without prior cultivation, even when organic compound was added. Prior cultivation of C. ensiformis and S. aterrimum provided a normal growth of the sorghum plants, confirming their remediating capacity. The addition of organic compound did not influence the remediating capacity of these species.