The neurochemical mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain (NP) are related to peripheral and central sensitization caused by the release of inflammatory mediators in the peripheral damaged tissue and ectopic discharges from the injured nerve, leading to a hyperexcitable state of spinal dorsal horn neurons. The aim of this work was to clarify the role played by cyclooxygenase (COX) in the lesioned peripheral nerve in the development and maintenance of NP by evaluating at which moment the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin, a non-selective COX inhibitor, attenuated mechanical allodynia after placing one loose ligature around the nervus ischiadicus, an adaptation of Bennett and Xie's model in rodents. NP was induced in male Wistar rats by subjecting them to chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the nervus ischiadicus, placing one loose ligature around the peripheral nerve, and a sham surgery (without CCI) was used as control. Indomethacin (2 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally and acutely administered in each group of rats and at different time windows (1, 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days) after the CCI or sham surgical procedures, followed by von Frey's test for 30 min. The data showed that indomethacin decreased the mechanical allodynia threshold of rats on the first, second, and fourth days after CCI (P<0.05). These findings suggested that inflammatory mechanisms are involved in the induction of NP and that COX-1 and COX-2 are involved in the induction but not in the maintenance of NP.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o processo de cicatrização de feridas de coelhos tratadas com extrato de barbatimão (S. adstringens) associado a células mononucleares autólogas da medula óssea (CMMO). Utilizaram-se 20 coelhos, distribuídos em quatro grupos: B, extrato de barbatimão; CB, CMMO com extrato de barbatimão; CS, CMMO com solução fisiológica; S, solução fisiológica. Foi avaliada a presença de crosta, hiperemia, secreção, hemorragia, reepitelização, área da ferida e tempo de cicatrização. No terceiro, sétimo, 14º e 21º dias pós-operatório, realizou-se a biópsia das feridas e avaliaram-se os indicadores dos processos de inflamação e de reparo, com destaque para o colágeno, na coloração picrosírius, bem como de proliferação celular, na coloração AgNOR. Houve maior deposição de fibras colágenas nos grupos B e CB (P=0,00003) e formação de crostas mais espessas no sétimo dia, com fibras colágenas mais organizadas no 21º dia. Conclui-se que o barbatimão estimula a produção de fibras colágenas e promove a formação de crostas mais espessas sobre a ferida na fase inicial da cicatrização e, na fase de remodelação, favorece a orientação das fibras colágenas. Além disso, a associação desse fitoterápico com CMMO não estimula a cicatrização de feridas.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the healing process of wounds of rabbits in response to treatment with barbatiman extract (S. adstringens) associated with autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells (BM-MNC). We used 20 rabbits, divided into four groups: B, 10% barbatiman extract with 9.48% of total tannins; CB, BM-MNC with barbatiman extract; CS, BM-MNC with NaCl 0.9% solution; S, NaCl 0.9% solution. Clinical evaluation was performed by observing the presence of crust, redness, discharge, bleeding, re-epithelialization, the wound area and healing time in days. In the third, seventh, 14th and 21st postoperative days wounds were biopsied for microscopic evaluation of inflammation and repair process indicators, especially collagen, in picrosirius staining, and cell proliferation, in AgNOR staining. There was a greater deposition of collagen fibers in groups B and CB (p=0.00003) on the seventh day and formation of thicker crusts, and more organized collagen fibers on the 21st day in these groups. In conclusion, in the initial phase of healing, barbatiman extract stimulates the production of collagen fibers and promotes the formation of more exuberant crusts on the wounds and remodeling phase favors the orientation of collagen fibers, but when combined with BMMC does not stimulate wound healing in rabbits.

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação antifúngica dos extratos de Allamanda blanchetti A.DC. e Momordica charantia L. no controle de Colletotrichum gloesporioides e qualidade pós-colheita em frutos de mamoeiro da cultivar Sunrise solo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nos Laboratório de Fitopatologia e Laboratório de Produtos de Origem Animal, CCA-UFPB, Campus.II, Areia-PB. Os frutos foram colhidos no estádio 1 de maturação, em seguida, sanitizados com hipoclorito de sódio a 1% por três minutos e pulverizados com os extratos etanólicos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia nas concentrações: 0, 10, 100, 500 e 1000 µg.mL-1. Os frutos foram distribuídos em bandejas de polipropileno expandido em temperatura ambiente (23±2 °C) e umidade relativa em torno de 70%. Após doze dias de armazenamento, os frutos foram avaliados quanto à incidência natural de C. gloesporioides, severidade, atividade da enzima peroxidase, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, relação SS/AT, perda de massa e aparência externa dos frutos. Foi realizada análise de regressão polinomial testando modelos até o terceiro grau para as concentrações dos extratos utilizando análise de variância pelo teste F enquanto as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, através do programa SAS® 9.2. Não se observou diferença estatística quando avaliou-se a incidência natural de C. gloesporioides em frutos de mamoeiro utilizando os extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia. Já na avaliação da severidade da antracnose, verificou-se diferença para o tratamento com o extrato de A. blanchetti, que apresentou as menores escalas de notas em relação ao tratamento com a M. charantia. Observou-se atividade da peroxidase (POD) em frutos de mamoeiro nos extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia. Os frutos tratados com A. blanchetti apresentaram teor de acidez, com máximo de 0,12 g de ácido cítrico.100 g-1 e no de M. charantiaapresentou aumento para 0,15 g de ácido cítrico.100 g-1. A relação SS/AT diminuiu com o aumento das concentrações dos dois extratos. Os frutos tratados com A. blanchetti apresentaram maior perda de massa durante todo o armazenamento, sendo maior que 10% aos nove dias. Já a perda de massa dos frutos tratados com M. charantia apresentou comportamento linear, sendo superior a 12% aos 12 dias de armazenamento. A cor evoluiu de 1 (verde) para 6 (casca alaranjada) e a aparência dos frutos diminuiu com o decorrer do tempo de 5 (excelente) para 3 (regular) em todas concentrações dos extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia. Os extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia não reduziram a incidência natural, porém, só o extrato de A. blanchetti foi responsável por reduzir a severidade da antracnose. Ocorreu a atividade da enzima peroxidase em todos os tratamentos avaliados e conservaram a qualidade pós-colheita em frutos até os nove dias de armazenamento.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal effect of the extracts Allamanda blanchetti A.DC. and Momordica charantia L. in the control of Colletotrichum gloesporioides in papaya fruits of the Sunrise Solo cultivation, as well as their post-harvest quality. The trials were conducted in the Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Animal Products Laboratory, CCA-UFPB, Campus II, Areia-PB. The fruits were harvested at maturity stage 1, then sanitized with sodium hypochlorite 1% for three minutes and sprayed with ethanol extracts of A. blanchetti and M. charantia at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, 500 and 1000 μg.mL-1.The fruits were distributed in polypropylene trays expanded at room temperature (23±2 °C) and relative humidity around 70%. After twelve days of storage, the fruits were evaluated for natural incidence of C. gloesporioides, severity, peroxidase enzyme activity, soluble solids, titratable acidity, SS/TA ratio, weight loss and external appearance of the fruit. Polynomial regression testing models to the third degree were employed for the extracts of concentrations, using analysis of variance by F test. The averages were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability, through the SAS® 9.2 program. There was no statistical difference observed when we evaluated the natural incidence of C. gloesporioides in the papaya fruit, using extracts from A. blanchetti and M. charantia. In the assessment of the severity of the anthracnose, there was no statistical difference for the treatment with the extract of A. blanchetti, which had smaller scales of notes when compared with the treatment using the M. charantia. It was observed peroxidase activity (POD) in the papaya fruits treated with the extracts of A. blanchetti and M. charantia. The fruits treated with A. blanchetti presented a maximum dose of acidity of 0.12 g g-1 of citric acid.100 g-1. In the fruits treated with M. charantia this increase was of 0.15g of citric acid.100 g-1. The SS/TA ratio decreased with increasing concentrations of the two extracts. The fruits treated with A. blanchettipresented higher weight loss of approximately 10%, since the M. charantia was over 12%. The color evolved from 1 (green) to 6 (Orange Peel) and the appearance of the fruit got worse according to the time, from 5 (excellent) to 3 (regular) in all the concentrations of the extracts of A. blanchetti and M. charantia. The A. blanchetti and M. charantia extracts did not reduce the natural incidence, however, only the A. blanchetti extract was able to decrease the severity of the anthracnose. The peroxidase enzyme presented activity in all treatments and kept the postharvest quality of the fruits in the nine days of storage.

Acidentes por escorpião constituem problema de saúde pública em Belo Horizonte. Realizou-se um estudo epidemiológico observacional retrospectivo para analisar a frequência e distribuição espacial dos acidentes escorpiônicos em Belo Horizonte, entre 2005 e 2009, e associá-las às categorias de risco classificadas pelo Índice de Vulnerabilidade à Saúde (IVS), um índice socioeconômico regional composto. Foram utilizados dados de notificação do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica (SISVE), referentes aos anos de 2008 e 2009. Para o período de 2005 a 2007, foi necessário o resgate de dados das fichas clínicas do Hospital João XXIII (HPSJXXIII) correspondentes às variáveis encontradas no SINAN e SISVE, uma vez que os mesmos não estavam digitalizados nos referidos sistemas de informação. Para georreferenciamento e análise espacial, foi utilizada a base geográfica EndGeo, o aplicativo de mapeamento MapInfo versão 10.0 e os programas Hotspot Detective e SatScan. Entre 2005 e 2009, ocorreram em Belo Horizonte 2.769 casos de acidentes por escorpião, o que representa uma incidência média de 22,4 casos por 100.000 habitantes. Do total de casos, 1.924 (69,5%) foram georreferenciados e houve predomínio de incidência em dois Distritos Sanitários (DS), com grande concentração de casos nas regiões de cemitérios do município. Foram detectados dois "clusters" no período, sendo um em 2005, nos DS Noroeste e Oeste, e outro entre 2006 e 2007, nos DS Noroeste e Nordeste. Não houve associação entre as áreas de maior incidência de escorpionismo e as áreas de maior risco à saúde classificadas pelo IVS. Com base nos resultados, conclui-se que há necessidade de melhorias no processo de notificação do agravo e que o mapeamento dos casos é uma ferramenta relevante capaz de embasar o direcionamento das ações educativas de controle para as áreas prioritárias de Belo Horizonte.

Scorpion sting accidents are a public health problem in Belo Horizonte and veterinarians play an important role in its control program when based on capture, mapping of cases and educational actions with the population. A retrospective epidemiological study was done to analyze the frequency and spatial distribution of scorpion sting cases in Belo Horizonte, between 2005 and 2009, and to associate them with the Health Vulnerability Index (IVS), a regional and composed socio-economic index. Notification data of scorpion sting accidents were used from the National System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and Epidemiological Surveillance System (SISVE) for years 2008 and 2009. For the period between 2005 and 2007 it was necessary to retrieve data from the clinical records of João XXIII Hospital (HPSJ XXIII) which were not digitalized in the referred information systems. For georeference and spatial analysis, geographic base EndGeo and features of the programs MapInfo version 10.0, Hotspot Detective and SatScan were used. Between 2005 and 2009 2769 cases of scorpionism, occurred in Belo Horizonte which represents an average incidence of 22.4 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Among 1924 (69.5%) georeferenced cases, the highest incidence was observed in two Sanitary District (DS). A large concentration of cases was also observed in the areas of the city cemeteries. Two clusters were detected during this period, one in 2005, located in the Northwest and West DS, and another between 2006 and 2007 in the Northwest and Northeast DS. There was no association between higher incidence areas of scorpionism in Belo Horizonte and the areas of higher health risk classified by IVS. It is necessary to improve the reporting process regarding scorpion sting accidents. Another conclusion is that the mapping of cases is a relevant tool to base the targeting of educative actions to the priority areas of Belo Horizonte.

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of the different inclusion levels of residue from extraction of propolis in the ruminant diet, using the digestibility and gas production measures. Were evaluated five inclusion levels of brown propolis about the in vitro nutrient digestibility with 72 hours of the incubation (with and without pepsin, considered ruminal and total rumination, respectively), and in vitro gas production. Tifton hay (Cynodon) was utilized as substrate and the concentrate was made from the soybean meal and corn, with relation roughage:concentrate around 50:50, based on dry matter. Two ruminal inoculums (from cattle and sheep) were utilized. The treatments were distributed in completely randomized design, with inclusion of the four levels of residue from extraction of propolis (5,10,15 and 20 g/kg DM). The inclusion of residue from extraction of propolis had effect on in vitro ruminal digestibility for dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, and total digestibility in vitro had significative diference for dry matter digestibility, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. The best level of inclusion for total digestibility in vitro is 13.88 g of residue from extraction of propolis/kg DM. While for gas production, the best level in vitro of residue from extraction of propolis for cattle was 8.52 g/kg DM and for sheep was 5.53 g/kg DM.

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de diferentes níveis de inclusão do resíduo da extração de própolis marrom na dieta de ruminantes, por meio de medidas de digestibilidade e produção de gás. Foram avaliados cinco níveis de inclusão da própolis marrom sobre a digestibilidade in vitro dos nutrientes, sob incubação de 72 horas (sem e com pepsina, consideradas digestão ruminal e total, respectivamente), e produção de gás in vitro. Como substrato foi utilizado feno de capim Tifton (Cynodon) e concentrado à base de farelo de soja e milho moído, com relação volumoso concentrado de 50:50, com base na matéria seca. Dois inóculos ruminais (oriundos de bovinos e ovinos) foram utilizados. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com inclusão de 4 níveis de resíduo da extração de própolis marrom (5, 10, 15 e 20 g de resíduo/kg MS). O resíduo da extração de própolis apresentou efeito sobre a digestibilidade ruminal in vitro da matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro, e a digestibilidade total in vitro também apresentou diferença significativa para digestibilidade da matéria seca, proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido. O melhor nível de inclusão para digestibilidade total in vitro de 13,88 g de resíduo do extrato de própolis/kg MS. Enquanto que para a produção de gás, o melhor nível de inclusão in vitro do resíduo da extração de própolis para bovinos foi de 8,52 g/kg MS e para ovinos foi 5,53 g/kg MS.

The aim of this study was to assess contrast sensitivity for angular frequency stimuli as well as for sine-wave gratings in adults under the effect of acute ingestion of alcohol. We measured the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) for gratings of 0.25, 1.25, 2.5, 4, 10, and 20 cycles per degree of visual angle (cpd) as well as for angular frequency stimuli of 1, 2, 4, 24, 48, and 96 cycles/360°. Twenty adults free of ocular diseases, with normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity, and no history of alcoholism were enrolled in two experimental groups: 1) no alcohol intake (control group) and 2) alcohol ingestion (experimental group). The average concentration of alcohol in the experimental group was set to about 0.08%. We used a paradigm involving a forced-choice method. Maximum sensitivity to contrast for sine-wave gratings in the two groups occurred at 4 cpd sine-wave gratings and at 24 and 48 cycles/360° for angular frequency stimuli. Significant changes in contrast sensitivity were observed after alcohol intake compared with the control condition at spatial frequency of 4 cpd and 1, 24, and 48 cycles/360° for angular frequency stimuli. Alcohol intake seems to affect the processing of sine-wave gratings at maximum sensitivity and at the low and high frequency ends for angular frequency stimuli, both under photopic luminance conditions.

Os óleos essenciais de P. arboreum, P. dilatatum e P. divaricatum foram obtidos por hidrodestilação e analisados por CG-DIC e CG-EM. Extratos etanólicos foram preparados por extração exaustiva. A atividade antioxidante de óleos e extratos foi avaliada por meio do método de sequestro de radicais livres usando 2,2-difenil-1-picril-hidrazila. Os teores de óleos essenciais foram de 0,98%, 1,50% e 0,99% para P. arboreum, P. dilatatum e P. divaricatum, respectivamente. Esses óleos demonstraram riqueza em sesquiterpenos, sendo os principais componentes: biciclogermacreno (28,7%) e β-copaen-4-α-ol (13,3%) para P. arboreum; germacreno D (16,7%), α-alaskeno (18,9%) e viridiflorol (12,5%) para P. dilatatum; e germacreno D (9,4%), valenceno (11,1%) e γ-cadineno (11,0%) para P. divaricatum. No teste de atividade antioxidante, com base nas percentagens de sequestro de radicais, foram determinados a concentrações efetivas (CE50) e o Índice de Atividade Antioxidante (IAA). Os seguintes valores de CE50 e IAA foram encontrados: ácido ascórbico (usado como referência) 226,84 µg.mL-1 e 5,30; extrato de P. arboreum 239,60 µg.mL-1 e 4,90, e extrato de P. dilatatum 367,70 µg.mL-1 e 3,20, respectivamente. A metodologia utilizada para a atividade antioxidante mostrou-se inadequada para o extrato da P. divaricatum. Os óleos essenciais não apresentaram atividade antioxidante significativa, entretanto, os extratos etanólicos de P. arboreum e de P. dilatatum apresentaram atividade antioxidante expressiva.

The essential oils of P. arboreum, P. dilatatum and P. divaricatum were obtained by means of hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The ethanolic extracts were prepared by exhaustive extraction. The antioxidant activity of the oils and extracts were evaluated by applying the free radical scavenging method using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. The yields of the essential oils were 0.98%, 1.50% and 0.99% for P. arboreum, P. dilatatum and P. divaricatum, respectively. The oils are rich in sesquiterpenes, and the main components of P. arboreum are the bicyclogermacrene (28.7%) and β-copaen-4-α-ol (13.3%); of P. dilatatum, the germacrene D (16.7%), α-alaskene (18.9%) and viridiflorol (12.5%); and of P. divaricatum, the germacrene D (9.4%), valencene (11.1%) and γ-cadinene (11.0%). The antioxidant activity test, based on the percentages of radical scavenging, determined the effective concentrations (CE50) and the Antioxidant Activity Index (AAI). The following CE50 and AAI values were found: 226.84 µg.mL-1 and 5.30 for ascorbic acid (used as the reference), 239.60 µg.mL-1 and 4.90 for P. arboreum, and 367.70 µg.mL-1 and 3.20 for P. dilatatum. The antioxidant evaluation using this methodology is not applicable for the P. divaricatum extract. These essential oils did not present a significant antioxidant activity. However, the ethanolic extracts of P. arboreum and P. dilatatum did show a strong antioxidant activity.

Mediastinitis is one of the most serious complications from cardiac surgery. It is reported to occur in 0'5-5 % of sternotomy incisions, and this incidence is much higher in diabetic patients, obese, immunocompromised, COPD, etc. We report a case of a diabetic and morbid obese woman suffering mediastinitis after double coronary bypass surgery. For the reconstruction a transdiaphragmatic tunnelled omental flap was used. The omentum is useful to cover large defects. It has antiinfective properties and promotes revascularization of neighbouring tissues. Omental flap can be a highly effective treatment for patients with large sternal wounds and immune disorders and wound healing disorders.

La mediastinitis es una de las complicaciones más graves de la cirugía cardíaca. Aparece en el 0,5-5 % de las esternotomías y esta incidencia es mucho mayor en pacientes diabéticos, obesos, inmunodeprimidos, con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), etc. Presentamos el caso de una paciente diabética, obesa mórbida, que sufre mediastinitis tras doble by-pass coronario. Para la cobertura del defecto se empleó un colgajo de epiplon tunelizado transdiafragmático. El colgajo omental permite cubrir grandes defectos además de que posee capacidad antimicrobiana y favorece la revascularización tisular. Las características de este colgajo hacen que actualmente deba considerarse como primera elección en pacientes con grandes defectos esternales y trastornos de la inmunidad y la cicatrización.

The objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters involving yearling weight (Ps), carcass weight (Pc), hip height (Ag) and the scores of conformation (C), precocity (P) and musculature (M) and carcass yield (Rd) and finishing score (Ac) in Nellore cattle in order to define criteria for selection in this breed. The data of the 20 732 animals were obtained from Agropecuária Jacarezinho, SP. Data were analyzed by restricted maximum likelihood using animal model multi-trait analysis, which included fixed effects of contemporary groups (animals born at the same month and slaughtered on the same day) and the covariate age at slaughter (linear) for carcass traits, and contemporary groups (animals of the same farm, age, sex and management group at weaning and yearling) and yearling age (linear) for growth and as random, the additive effects and residual effects. Estimates ranged from 0.13 (Ac and Rd) to 0.36 (Ag) for heritability and from -0.59 ± 0.62 (Rd with Ac) to 0.71 ± 0.17 (Pc with C) for genetic correlations. Selection for Pc, C, P, M, Ag or Ps may be efficient because their heritability estimates are of magnitude moderate. Selection for Ps and C can favor heavier Pc, considering their positive and high genetic correlation.

Objetivou-se estimar parâmetros genéticos envolvendo o peso ao sobreano (Ps) e de carcaça (Pc), altura de garupa (Ag) e os escores de conformação (C), precocidade (P), musculatura (M), rendimento (Rd) e acabamento (Ac), em bovinos Nelore, com o intuito de definir critérios de seleção nesta raça. Os dados de 20 732 animais foram oriundos da Agropecuária Jacarezinho, SP. Análises foram realizadas pelo método da máxima verossimilhança restrita, em modelo animal multicaracterística, que incluiu os efeitos fixos de grupo de contemporâneos (animais nascidos no mesmo mês e mesmo dia de abate) e a covariável idade de abate para as características de carcaça, e grupo de contemporâneos (animais de mesma fazenda, ano e mês de nascimento, sexo, grupo de manejo à desmama e ao sobreano) e a covariável idade ao sobreano (linear) para as de crescimento e como aleatório, para ambas características, o efeito aditivo e o residual. As estimativas de herdabilidade variaram de 0,13 (Ac e Rd) a 0,36 (Ag) e as estimativas de correlação genética variaram de -0,59 ± 0,62 (entre Rd e Ac) a 0,71 ± 0,17 (entre Pc e C). As características Pc, C, P, M, Ag e Ps podem responder à seleção por apresentarem estimativas de herdabilidade de média magnitude. A seleção baseada em Ps em C deve promover resposta correlacionada para maiores Pc nos animais, uma vez que as correlações genéticas foram positivas e altas.

Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram caracterizar as recusas por parte da população em permitir a borrifação de seus imóveis, em quatro regiões de Belo Horizonte, no período de 2006 a 2008, e relacionar estas recusas com o surgimento de casos de leishmaniose visceral, no mesmo local e período. Utilizaram-se as localizações onde se encontraram 27 casos humanos de leishmaniose visceral obtidos do SINAN, todos referentes a quatro áreas de abrangência da região noroeste de Belo Horizonte, no período de 2006 a 2008. De um total de 33.579 residências visitadas pelo controle químico vetorial, 9636 (28,70%) aceitaram a borrifação interna e a externa do domicílio, 20741 (61,77%) concordaram com a borrifação apenas do peridomicílio, 141 (0,42%) aceitaram apenas a borrifação do intradomicílio, 909 (2,70%) se encontraram fechadas no momento da borrifação e 2152 (6,41%) recusaram qualquer tipo de borrifação no imóvel. Na maioria das residências, o controle químico foi permitido apenas no peridomicílio. A diferença entre o perfil de recusas dos quarteirões contidos em uma área de 200 metros ao redor de um caso humano de leishmaniose visceral e o mesmo perfil dos quarteirões fora desta área foi significativa (P<0,05) em sete (25,92%) dos 27 casos da doença.

The purpose of this study was to characterize the population's refusal to allow their houses to be sprayed in four regions of Belo Horizonte, in the period from 2006 to 2008, and relate these denials with the emergence of cases of visceral leishmaniasis in the same location and time. We used the location of 27 human cases of visceral leishmaniasis obtained from SINAN, all data from four regions in the West Region of the city of Belo Horizonte, from 2006 to 2008. Of a total of 33,579 houses visited by the chemical vector control, 9636 (28.70%) accepted spraying inside and outside the home, 20741 (61.77%) agreed with spraying only the areas surrounding the property, 141 (0.42%) agreed only to spray indoors, 909 (2.70%) were found closed at the time of spraying, and 2152 (6.41%) refused any kind of spray at house. A chemical control vector was allowed only in surrounding areas of most of the houses studied. The difference between the profile of denials of the blocks contained in an area of 200 meters around a human case of VL, with the same profile of the blocks out of this area was significant (P<0,05) in 07 (25,92%) of 27 cases of the disease.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever e avaliar a mordedura canina e o atendimento antirrábico humano em Minas Gerais, de 1999 a 2004, correlacionando fontes de informação e áreas de risco predeterminadas para raiva humana transmitida por cão. Realizou-se um estudo observacional descritivo retrospectivo, utilizando-se, de forma adaptada, a análise exploratória de prontuários dos atendimentos da Superintendência de Epidemiologia da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Minas Gerais (339.012 de atendimentos), do Sistema de Informação de Notificação de Agravos, do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares e do Programa Nacional de Imunizações (132.452 fichas). Para a classificação dos agravos, usou-se o Código Internacional de Doenças (10ª revisão). Os dados foram armazenados e analisados com auxílio dos softwares Epi-Info, Tab-Win e Office®. Verificou-se que o tratamento antirrábico humano é excessivo nas áreas de baixo e médio risco para raiva e, ao contrário, reduzido nas áreas de alto risco. O perfil do paciente é estudante masculino, menor de 14 anos, residente em área urbana de baixo risco para raiva humana transmitida por cão, com mordedura única nos membros, provocada por cão sadio e observável. Os sistemas de informação não oferecem a confiabilidade necessária ao médico responsável para a prescrição do tratamento antirrábico adequado. A profilaxia da raiva deve ter um aspecto multicêntrico, com interfaces na atenção tanto à saúde humana quanto à animal, o que não tem ocorrido, propiciando falhas na vigilância e no atendimento do agravo.

The objective of the present paper is describe and evaluate dog bite and some aspects of anti-rabid human care in Minas Gerais during five years, correlating the sources of information and epidemiological risk areas defined for human rabies transmitted by dogs in the State. We performed an observational retrospective study by adapted exploration form analysis, from 1999 to 2004, using databases of Epidemiology of Minas Gerais and National Information Systems of reportable disease, Immunization, Mortality, Hospitalization, International Code of Diseases (10th revision). The areas of risk for human rabies transmitted by dogs were pre determined. The dog bite is still the main complaint that leads to care. The profile of the patient is a male student, under 14 years of age, with a single wound in members, resident in an urban low risk area for human rabies transmitted by dogs, and is healthy and observable. The treatment is excessive in areas of low and medium risk. In high-risk areas, there is a low indication of treatment. Information systems do not offer the reliability required by the doctor responsible for prescribing the appropriate anti-rabies treatment. Rabies prophylaxis should have a multi-centre aspect, with interfaces in attention to health and veterinary, which has not occurred, providing surveillance failures.

The hypothalamus is a forebrain structure critically involved in the organization of defensive responses to aversive stimuli. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic dysfunction in dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamic nuclei is implicated in the origin of panic-like defensive behavior, as well as in pain modulation. The present study was conducted to test the difference between these two hypothalamic nuclei regarding defensive and antinociceptive mechanisms. Thus, the GABA A antagonist bicuculline (40 ng/0.2 µL) or saline (0.9% NaCl) was microinjected into the dorsomedial or posterior hypothalamus in independent groups. Innate fear-induced responses characterized by defensive attention, defensive immobility and elaborate escape behavior were evoked by hypothalamic blockade of GABA A receptors. Fear-induced defensive behavior organized by the posterior hypothalamus was more intense than that organized by dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei. Escape behavior elicited by GABA A receptor blockade in both the dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamus was followed by an increase in nociceptive threshold. Interestingly, there was no difference in the intensity or in the duration of fear-induced antinociception shown by each hypothalamic division presently investigated. The present study showed that GABAergic dysfunction in nuclei of both the dorsomedial and posterior hypothalamus elicit panic attack-like defensive responses followed by fear-induced antinociception, although the innate fear-induced behavior originates differently in the posterior hypothalamus in comparison to the activity of medial hypothalamic subdivisions.

Vacuum assisted therapy in complex and complicated wounds has been used since the 40s; however, it has only been applied in paediatric patients recently. To our best knowledge there are not A level evidence studies in this field, although experience in its use has been shown to be satisfactory in the majority of cases. Due to the importance in health management of controlling costs and resources, this therapy represents a useful tool, specially when we try to reduce hospital stay and improve quality of life, which is very important in children. We report our experience in the use of vacuum therapy in paediatric patients in the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department in La Fe University Hospital, Valencia, Spain, between 2007 and 2010.

El uso de la terapia de vacío en el tratamiento de heridas complejas y de evolución tórpida tiene sus inicios en los años cuarenta. Sin embargo, la experiencia con su utilización en la población infantil es mucho más reciente. En la actualidad no disponemos de estudios científicos contrastados y con nivel de evidencia A para emitir conclusiones firmes en estos casos; a pesar de ello, la experiencia clínica acumulada hasta el momento es satisfactoria en la mayoría de los casos. En la gestión sanitaria moderna, el control de recursos y costes es hoy en día un pilar fundamental; es por ello que contar con una terapia de estas características constituye un recurso de gran valor, sobre todo cuando la intención es minimizar la estancia hospitalaria y a la vez mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente, lo cual es especialmente importante cuando se trata de niños. Presentamos la experiencia en el uso de terapia de vacío en pacientes pediátricos del Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva del Hospital La Fe de Valencia, España, entre los años 2007 y 2010.

Treatment of complex wounds that imply loss of substance or important anatomic structures exposure has a great relevance in Plastic Surgery Departments nowadays. Even though surgical debridement keeps on being the principal choice treatment in infected or necrotic wounds, VAC® therapy use and its new technology advances in the last decade, has allowed an option to control bacterial colonization, exudates and surgical wounds. We present 9 cases of vacuum therapy use for treatment of different pathologies such as sternum dehiscence, burned patients, extremities trauma, etc. In all these cases vacuum therapy has been essential in the management of exudates, protection of anatomic vital structures as well as to improve patient's quality of life during hospital stay.

El tratamiento de heridas complejas, con pérdida de sustancia importante o exposición de estructuras nobles, constituye una práctica diaria en la mayoría de los Servicios de Cirugía Plástica de referencia. A pesar de que el desbridamiento quirúrgico continúa siendo la terapia de elección para el tratamiento de heridas infectadas o con abundantes restos necróticos, el advenimiento de la terapia de vacío y las mejoras tecnológicas experimentadas por dicha terapia en la última década, hacen de su utilización una herramienta coadyuvante para el control del lecho quirúrgico, de los exudados de la herida y de la colonización bacteriana. Presentamos 9 casos clínicos de uso de terapia VAC® en el tratamiento de diversas patologías, tales como: dehiscencia esternal, grandes quemados, traumatismos de extremidades, etc. En todos ellos, esta terapia constituyó un pilar fundamental en el tratamiento de los pacientes facilitando el control del exudado de las heridas, la protección de estructuras nobles y mejorando la calidad de vida y el confort de los pacientes durante su estancia hospitalaria.

Vacumm therapy has shown to be useful and effective in different types of wounds. Its use is common in the Plastic Surgery Departments and it is a very important tool in the acute and chronic wounds management; it achieves the healing of the wounds or it gives an adequate bed for the posterior coverage. We report our experience in the use of vacuum therapy Renasys®(Smith&Nephew, Spain) in the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department in La Fe University Hospital, Valencia (Spain) in the last year, showing the utility of vacuum therapy in different etiology and types of wounds.

La terapia de vacío ha demostrado ser útil y eficaz en el tratamiento de múltiples tipos de heridas. Su uso está ampliamente difundido en los servicios de Cirugía Plástica y constituye una herramienta a tener en cuenta en el manejo de heridas tanto agudas como crónicas; permitiendo la curación total de las mismas o consiguiendo un lecho adecuado para una cobertura posterior. Presentamos nuestra experiencia con el sistema de terapia de vacío Renasys® (Smith & Nephew, Spain) en el Hospital Universitario La Fe en Valencia (España) a lo largo del último año, demostrando su utilidad en heridas de distinta etiología y características.