RESUMO Com o presente estudo, objetivou-se avaliar o tempo de fornecimento de náuplios de artêmia e o período de transição alimentar para pós-larvas de acará-severo (Heros severus). Foram utilizadas 450 pós-larvas de acará-severo, distribuídas em 45 aquários, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 3x5, com três repetições. Foram avaliados três períodos de fornecimento de náuplios de artêmia: zero, cinco e 10 dias. Além disso, foram testados cinco períodos de transição alimentar: um, dois, três, quatro e cinco dias, quando os animais receberam alimentação conjunta de náuplios de artêmia e dieta farelada. Ao final do experimento, os peixes foram contados, pesados e fotografados, para avaliação do desempenho produtivo e das variáveis morfométricas. Para todos os parâmetros avaliados, não foi constatada interação entre o tempo de fornecimento de artêmia e o período de transição alimentar. Os animais alimentados por 10 dias com náuplios de artêmia apresentaram os melhores resultados de desempenho e as maiores variáveis morfométricas. Os peixes que receberam alimentação conjunta por três dias apresentaram desenvolvimento satisfatório. Dessa forma, recomendam-se 10 dias de fornecimento de náuplios de artêmia e três dias de transição alimentar, antes de se iniciar o fornecimento exclusivo de dieta inerte para pós-larvas de acará-severo.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the supply time of artemia and the period of food transition to post-larvae of severum (Heros severus). A total of 450 post-larvae of severum were distributed in 45 aquaria, in a completely randomized design, in a 3x5 factorial scheme, with three replicates. Three feeding periods with artemia nauplii were evaluated: zero, five, and ten days. In addition, five feeding transitions were tested: one, two, three, four and five days, when the animals received joint feeding of artemia nauplii and dry diet. At the end of the experiment the fish were counted, weighed and photographed, to evaluate the productive performance and the morphometric variables. For all parameters evaluated, no interaction between the time of artemia supply and the feeding transition period was observed. Animals fed for 10 days with artemia nauplii showed the best performance results and the highest morphometric variables. The fish that received joint feeding for three days presented satisfactory development. Thus, 10 days of artemia nauplii supply and three days of feeding transition is recommended before starting the exclusive supply of diet inert to post-larvae of severum.

The present study aimed to study the effects of exercise training (ET) performed by rats on a 10-week high-fructose diet on metabolic, hemodynamic, and autonomic changes, as well as intraocular pressure (IOP). Male Wistar rats receiving fructose overload in drinking water (100 g/L) were concomitantly trained on a treadmill for 10 weeks (FT group) or kept sedentary (F group), and a control group (C) was kept in normal laboratory conditions. The metabolic evaluation comprised the Lee index, glycemia, and insulin tolerance test (KITT). Arterial pressure (AP) was measured directly, and systolic AP variability was performed to determine peripheral autonomic modulation. ET attenuated impaired metabolic parameters, AP, IOP, and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) induced by fructose overload (FT vs F). The increase in peripheral sympathetic modulation in F rats, demonstrated by systolic AP variance and low frequency (LF) band (F: 37±2, 6.6±0.3 vs C: 26±3, 3.6±0.5 mmHg2), was prevented by ET (FT: 29±3, 3.4±0.7 mmHg2). Positive correlations were found between the LF band and right IOP (r=0.57, P=0.01) and left IOP (r=0.64, P=0.003). Negative correlations were noted between KITT values and right IOP (r=-0.55, P=0.01) and left IOP (r=-0.62, P=0.005). ET in rats effectively prevented metabolic abnormalities and AP and IOP increases promoted by a high-fructose diet. In addition, ocular benefits triggered by exercise training were associated with peripheral autonomic improvement.

RESUMO Entre as espécies sinantrópicas de baratas, a barata alemã, Blattella germanica (L., 1767), é a mais importante por desenvolver altas populações em habitações. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a mortalidade de B. germanica exposta a diferentes áreas tratadas, com quantidade equivalente de inseticidas e verificar a mortalidade provocada por inseticidas em superfícies lisa e rugosa, antes e após lavagem. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Departamento de Fitossanidade da UNESP/FCAV de Jaboticabal, SP. No primeiro experimento, a aplicação dos inseticidas foi realizada sobre placas de Petri, com áreas de exposição ao inseticida de 25, 50, 75 e 100%. No segundo, a aplicação foi realizada com pulverizador costal pressurizado, sobre superfícies lisa (de azulejo) e rugosa (de cimento), que posteriormente foram lavadas com detergente e água corrente. Foram utilizados os inseticidas cypermethrin (Cynoff 400 PM) 2,5 g p.c./L; deltamethrin (Deltagard WG 250) 1,0 g p.c./L; lambda-cyhalothrin (Icon 5 CE) 5,0 mL p.c./L e uma testemunha sem aplicação. Foram confinadas, por quinze minutos, cinco baratas adultas no primeiro experimento e dez no segundo. As avaliações de mortalidade foram realizadas 0, 1, 2, 4, 24, 48 e 72 horas após o confinamento. Assim, conclui-se que os inseticidas aplicados em 50%, 75% e 100% das áreas resultaram em alta mortalidade de B. germanica. Os inseticidas cypermethrin , deltamethrin e lambda-cyhalothrin foram eficientes no controle de B. germanica, antes da lavagem, na superfície lisa. A eficiência de controle dos inseticidas foi maior na superfície lisa que na superfície rugosa. Após a lavagem, a eficiência diminuiu em ambas as superfícies.

ABSTRACT Among the species of synanthropic cockroaches, the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L., 1767) is the most important in terms of developing high populations in habitations. This study evaluated the mortality of B. germanica exposed to different areas treated with an equivalent amount of insecticides to verify the mortality caused by pesticides on smooth and rough surfaces, before and after washing. The experiments were carried out at the Departamento de Fitossanidade, UNESP/FCAV, Campus Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. In the first experiment, the insecticide was applied to Petri dishes, with areas of exposure to the insecticide of 25, 50, 75 and 100%. The second application was performed by pressurized spraying on smooth and rough surfaces, which were then washed with detergent and water after treatment. The insecticides used were cypermethrin (Cynoff 400 AM) 2.5 c.p. g/L, deltamethrin (250 Deltagard WG) 1.0 c.p. g/L; lambda-cyhalothrin (Icon 5 EC) c.p. 5.0 mL/L and an untreated plot (control). In the first experiment, 5 adult insects were enclosed for fifteen minutes, while 10 were enclosed in the second experiment. Mortality evaluations were performed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 24, 48 and 72 hours after confinement. It was found that the insecticides used in 50%, 75% and 100% of the area resulted in a high mortality of B. germanica. The insecticides cypermethrin, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin proved efficient for the control of B. germanica, before the washing of the smooth surface. The effectiveness of these insecticides was greater on a smooth surface than a rough one. After washing, the effectiveness was lower for both surfaces.

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar eficiência e efeito residual de inseticidas aplicados sobre azulejo (face lisa) e ardósia (rugosa) para o controle de Blattella germanica. Realizou-se o experimento no Departamento de Fitossanidade, UNESP-Jaboticabal, SP (de 3-5 a 2-8-2007). A população suscetível ao controle químico foi criada em sala não climatizada. Os tratamentos utilizados foram (dosagens em produtos comerciais): lambdacialotrina (Demand 2,5 CS) 10 mL/L (12,5 mg/m2); lambdacialotrina (Icon 5,0 CE) 5 mL/L (12,5 mg/m2); deltametrina (Deltagard WG) 2 saches/10 L (12,5 mg/m2); lambdacialotrina (Zeon 50CS) 5 mL/L (12,5 mg/m2); deltametrina (Deltek CS) 5 mL/L (6,25 mg/m2); Diclorvos (DDVP 1000CE) 5 mL/L (250 mg/m2) e testemunha. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os inseticidas foram aplicados com pulverizador pressurizado (350 kPa) e volume de 40 mL/m2. Uma hora após a aplicação, liberaram-se 10 baratas adultas para caminhar sobre a área tratada. Após 15 minutos foram retiradas e colocadas em potes para avaliações (0, 1, 2, 4, 24, 48 e 72 horas após a exposição). Placas tratadas foram mantidas em prateleiras para avaliar o efeito residual dos produtos 30, 60 e 90 dias após aplicação. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste Tukey. Concluiu-se que no dia da aplicação dos inseticidas não ocorre diferença entre as superfícies no controle de B. germanica. O efeito residual dos inseticidas foi maior na superfície lisa (azulejo) do que na superfície rugosa (ardósia). Os inseticidas lambdacialotrina e deltametrina (WG) proporcionaram excelente controle de B. germanica, até 90 dias após a aplicação.

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency and residual effect of insecticides applied on tiles and slate for the control of Blattella germanica. The experiment was carried out in the Departamento de Fitossanidade, UNESP Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, (May 3 to August 5, 2007). The population susceptible to chemical control was grown in a nonclimatized room. The treatments were lambda-cyhalothrin (Demand 2,5CS) 10 mL/L (12,5 mg/m2); lambda-cyhalothrin (Icon 5,0 CE) 5 mL/L (12,5 mg/m2); deltamethrin (Deltagard WG) 2 sachets/10 L (12,5 mg/m2); lambda-cyhalothrin (Zeon 50CS) 5 mL/L (12,5mg/m2); deltamethrin (Deltek CS) 5 mL/L (6,25 mg/m2); dichlorvos (DDVP 1000CE) 5 mL/L (250 mg/m2) and a control plot. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks with four replicates. Insecticides were sprayed with a pressurized sprayer (350 kPa) at a volume of 40 mL/m2. After 1h, 10 adult German cockroaches were plotted over the treated area and stayed there for 15 min. They were then transferred to pots for evaluations (0, 1, 2, 4, 24, 48 and 72 h after exposition). Treated plates were kept on shelves to evaluate the residual effect of products 30, 60 and 90 days after application. Data was submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test. The efficiency was calculated. It was concluded that on the application of insecticides there is no difference between the surfaces in the control of B. germanica. The residual effect was greater on a tiled surface in relation to slate. The insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin (WG) resulted in sufficient control up to 90 days after the spraying.