Abstract There is scarcity of global data on suicide attempts (SA). The higher frequency of mental disorders places women at a higher risk for SA. Mental disorders (MD) are ranked first in the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) in terms of years lived with disability (YLD) and common mental disorders (CMD) affect women the most. IN this light, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of CMD during pregnancy, as well as 6 to 9 years after birth, on SA in women who were registered in the Family Health Strategy from the town of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. This study consisted of two stages of a prospective cohort. 643 adult women were included. The prevalence of CMD in stage I (pregnancy) and in stage III (six to nine years after birth) were, respectively, 19.3% and 12.6%. The incidence of SA was 10.9%. The multivariate analysis demonstrated a cumulative effect of CMD for SA: only during pregnancy (OR 5.4; 95%CI 2.2-13.3); only in the third stage (OR 5.8; 95%CI 2.3-14.9); and in both stages (OR 6.0; 95%CI 2.5-14.4). The increase of CMD in women increases the chances of SA, hence the importance of implementing public policies for women’s health, especially for those with a history of mental disorders and unhealthy habits, and those who suffer violence.

Resumo Há escassez de dados globais sobre as tentativas de suicídio (TS). A maior frequência de adoecimento mental coloca as mulheres em maior risco de TS. Os transtornos mentais (TM) estão em primeiro lugar na carga global de doenças em termos de anos vividos com incapacidade (AVI). Entre os problemas de saúde mental que mais acometem mulheres estão os transtornos mentais comuns (TMC). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o impacto dos TMC na gravidez e seis a nove anos após o parto para a TS em mulheres cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família no Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. O estudo engloba duas etapas de uma coorte prospectiva. Foram incluídas 643 mulheres adultas. A prevalência de TMC na etapa I (gestação) e sua incidência na etapa III (seis a nove anos após o parto) foram, respectivamente, 19,3% e 12,6%. A incidência da TS foi de 10,9%. A análise multivariada demonstrou efeito cumulativo dos TMC para a TS: TMC só na gestação (OR 5,4; IC95% 2,2-13,3); só na terceira etapa (OR 5,8; IC95% 2,3-14,9); e em ambas (OR 6,0; IC95% 2,5-14,4). O acúmulo dos TMC em mulheres aumenta a chance de TS, sendo importante a implementação de políticas públicas para a saúde das mulheres, principalmente com histórico de doença mental, hábitos não saudáveis e que sofrem violência.

Abstract There is scarcity of global data on suicide attempts (SA). The higher frequency of mental disorders places women at a higher risk for SA. Mental disorders (MD) are ranked first in the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) in terms of years lived with disability (YLD) and common mental disorders (CMD) affect women the most. IN this light, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of CMD during pregnancy, as well as 6 to 9 years after birth, on SA in women who were registered in the Family Health Strategy from the town of Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil. This study consisted of two stages of a prospective cohort. 643 adult women were included. The prevalence of CMD in stage I (pregnancy) and in stage III (six to nine years after birth) were, respectively, 19.3% and 12.6%. The incidence of SA was 10.9%. The multivariate analysis demonstrated a cumulative effect of CMD for SA: only during pregnancy (OR 5.4; 95%CI 2.2-13.3); only in the third stage (OR 5.8; 95%CI 2.3-14.9); and in both stages (OR 6.0; 95%CI 2.5-14.4). The increase of CMD in women increases the chances of SA, hence the importance of implementing public policies for women’s health, especially for those with a history of mental disorders and unhealthy habits, and those who suffer violence. . (SA) MD (MD GBD (GBD YLD (YLD (CMD most light birth Recife Pernambuco Brazil cohort 64 included (pregnancy six respectively 193 19 3 19.3 126 12 12.6% 109 10 10.9% OR 5.4 54 5 4 95CI CI 95 2.213.3 22133 2.2 13.3 2 13 2.2-13.3) 5.8 58 8 2.314.9 23149 2.3 14.9 14 2.3-14.9) 6.0 60 0 2.514.4. 25144 2.5 14.4 2.5-14.4) womens s health habits violence (SA 1 19. 12.6 10.9 5. 213 2.213. 2213 22 2. 133 13. 2.2-13.3 314 2.314. 2314 23 149 14. 2.3-14.9 6. 514 2.514.4 2514 25 144 2.5-14.4 12. 10. 21 2.213 221 2.2-13. 31 2.314 231 2.3-14. 51 2.514. 251 2.5-14. 2.21 2.2-13 2.31 2.3-14 2.514 2.5-14 2.2-1 2.3-1 2.51 2.5-1 2.2- 2.3- 2.5-

Resumo Há escassez de dados globais sobre as tentativas de suicídio (TS). A maior frequência de adoecimento mental coloca as mulheres em maior risco de TS. Os transtornos mentais (TM) estão em primeiro lugar na carga global de doenças em termos de anos vividos com incapacidade (AVI). Entre os problemas de saúde mental que mais acometem mulheres estão os transtornos mentais comuns (TMC). O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o impacto dos TMC na gravidez e seis a nove anos após o parto para a TS em mulheres cadastradas na Estratégia de Saúde da Família no Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. O estudo engloba duas etapas de uma coorte prospectiva. Foram incluídas 643 mulheres adultas. A prevalência de TMC na etapa I (gestação) e sua incidência na etapa III (seis a nove anos após o parto) foram, respectivamente, 19,3% e 12,6%. A incidência da TS foi de 10,9%. A análise multivariada demonstrou efeito cumulativo dos TMC para a TS: TMC só na gestação (OR 5,4; IC95% 2,2-13,3); só na terceira etapa (OR 5,8; IC95% 2,3-14,9); e em ambas (OR 6,0; IC95% 2,5-14,4). O acúmulo dos TMC em mulheres aumenta a chance de TS, sendo importante a implementação de políticas públicas para a saúde das mulheres, principalmente com histórico de doença mental, hábitos não saudáveis e que sofrem violência. . (TS) TM (TM AVI. AVI (AVI) TMC. (TMC) Recife Pernambuco Brasil prospectiva 64 adultas (gestação foram respectivamente 193 19 3 19,3 126 12 6 12,6% 109 10 9 10,9% OR 5,4 54 5 4 IC95 IC 2,213,3 22133 2,2 13,3 2 13 2,2-13,3) 5,8 58 8 2,314,9 23149 2,3 14,9 14 2,3-14,9) 6,0 60 0 2,514,4. 25144 2,5 14,4 2,5-14,4) violência (TS (AVI (TMC 1 19, 12,6 10,9 5, IC9 213 2,213, 2213 22 2, 133 13, 2,2-13,3 314 2,314, 2314 23 149 14, 2,3-14,9 6, 514 2,514,4 2514 25 144 2,5-14,4 12, 10, 21 2,213 221 2,2-13, 31 2,314 231 2,3-14, 51 2,514, 251 2,5-14, 2,21 2,2-13 2,31 2,3-14 2,514 2,5-14 2,2-1 2,3-1 2,51 2,5-1 2,2- 2,3- 2,5-

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between emotional and behavioral difficulties in schoolchildren and maternal educational practices. Methods: Participants and Setting: 631 mother-child pairs were evaluated in a poor urban district in Recife, northeastern Brazil. Cross-sectional study carried out between 2013 and 2014. It integrates a prospective cohort study designed to investigate the consequences of intimate partner violence that occurred during pregnancy, postpartum, and seven years after birth for the physical and mental health of women and their children. Maternal educational practices were assessed using the Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (CTSPC – mother-child version) and the child’s behavioral and emotional disorders through the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) mother-version. The association was estimated through crude and adjusted prevalence ratios, using Poisson regression considering the 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of violent maternal educational practices was 91.8% (572/631) being 89.7% (566/631) of psychological aggression and 75.6% of physical aggression, subdivided into corporal punishment (73.5%), physical maltreatment (35.8%) and severe physical maltreatment (1.7%). Corporal punishment (Adjusted PR 1.5; CI 95%: 1.1–2.1; p = 0.010) and severe physical maltreatment (Adjusted PR 1.9; CI 95%: 1.3–2.8; p = 0.002) were associated with emotional and behavioral difficulties in schoolchildren. Conclusion: The high prevalence of violent maternal educational practices, especially corporal punishment and severe physical maltreatment is associated with emotional and behavioral disorders in children. Therefore, it is necessary to interventions that promote parental support and effective use of non-violent discipline in conducting the educational process to establish healthier family relationships and to prevent/mitigate the impact of emotional and behavioral problems in children. © 2022 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Objective Methods Setting 63 motherchild mother child Recife Brazil Crosssectional Cross sectional 201 2014 pregnancy postpartum children ParentChild Parent Child CTSPC version childs s SDQ (SDQ motherversion. motherversion version. mother-version ratios 95 interval Results 918 91 8 91.8 572/631 572631 572 (572/631 897 89 7 89.7 566/631 566631 566 (566/631 756 75 6 75.6 73.5%, 735 73.5% , 73 5 (73.5%) 35.8% 358 35 (35.8% 1.7%. 17 1.7% . 1 (1.7%) Adjusted 1.5 15 1.1–2.1 1121 2 0.010 0010 0 010 1.9 19 9 1.3–2.8 1328 3 0.002 0002 002 Conclusion Therefore nonviolent non preventmitigate prevent mitigate 202 Pediatria Ltda BYNCND BY NC ND https//creativecommons.org/licenses/byncnd/4.0/. httpscreativecommonsorglicensesbyncnd40 httpscreativecommonsorglicensesbyncnd https //creativecommons.org/licenses/by nc nd/4.0/ creativecommons org licenses nd 4 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) 20 91. 572/63 57263 57 (572/63 89. 566/63 56663 56 (566/63 75. 73.5 (73.5% 35.8 (35.8 1.7 (1.7% 1. 1.1–2. 112 0.01 001 01 1.3–2. 132 0.00 000 00 byncnd https//creativecommons.org/licenses/byncnd/4.0/ httpscreativecommonsorglicensesbyncnd4 creativecommonsorglicensesby nd40 nd/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 572/6 5726 (572/6 566/6 5666 (566/6 73. (73.5 35. (35. (1.7 1.1–2 11 0.0 1.3–2 13 https//creativecommons.org/licenses/byncnd/4.0 nd4 nd/4. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 572/ (572/ 566/ (566/ (73. (35 (1. 1.1– 0. 1.3– https//creativecommons.org/licenses/byncnd/4. nd/4 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4. (572 (566 (73 (3 (1 1.1 1.3 https//creativecommons.org/licenses/byncnd/4 nd/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4 (57 (56 (7 ( https//creativecommons.org/licenses/byncnd/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ (5 https//creativecommons.org/licenses/byncnd (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between child exposure to intimate partner violence (CEIPV) committed against their mother and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in school-age children. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out that evaluated 626 mother-child pairs living in a poor urban area in the Northeast of Brazil. The mothers were asked about their children’s exposure to intimate partner violence. Holden’s classification was used, which investigates ten types of CEIPV from prenatal care. The number of exposures, age of onset, and the perpetrator of the exposure were also verified. The FGIDs in children were identified from the mother’s responses to the questionnaire about pediatric gastrointestinal symptoms, Roma III version parent-report, translated and cross-culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese. Results: FGIDs were more frequent among children exposed to violence than those not exposed (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.04-2.58; p = 0.03). Likewise, in children who suffered four or more types of exposure (OR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.10-2.96; p = 0.01), in which the exposure started in the first two years of life (OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.08-3.47; p = 0.02) and in those whose biological father was the perpetrator of the violence (OR; 1.62; 95% CI: 1, 05-2.48; p = 0.02). Conclusion: Corroborating the proposal of the biopsychosocial model, CEIPV increases the chance of occurrence of FGIDs in school-age children. Therefore, early identification and proposals for appropriate interventions are suggested both for the prevention of CEIPV and for the prevention and follow-up of FGIDs. Objective (CEIPV (FGIDs schoolage school Methods 62 motherchild Brazil childrens s Holdens Holden used care exposures onset verified symptoms parentreport, parentreport parent report, report parent-report crossculturally cross culturally Portuguese Results OR (OR 1.64 164 1 64 95 CI 1.042.58 104258 1.04 2.58 04 2 58 1.04-2.58 0.03. 003 0.03 . 0 03 0.03) Likewise 1.81 181 81 1.102.96 110296 1.10 2.96 10 96 1.10-2.96 0.01, 001 0.01 , 01 0.01) 1.93 193 93 1.083.47 108347 1.08 3.47 08 3 47 1.08-3.47 0.02 002 02 1.62 162 052.48 05248 05 2.48 48 05-2.48 0.02. Conclusion model Therefore followup follow up 6 1.6 16 9 042 1.042.5 10425 104 1.0 258 2.5 5 1.04-2.5 00 0.0 1.8 18 8 102 1.102.9 11029 110 1.1 296 2.9 1.10-2.9 1.9 19 083 1.083.4 10834 108 347 3.4 4 1.08-3.4 052 052.4 0524 248 2.4 05-2.4 1. 1.042. 1042 25 2. 1.04-2. 0. 1.102. 1102 11 29 1.10-2. 1.083. 1083 34 3. 1.08-3. 052. 24 05-2. 1.042 1.04-2 1.102 1.10-2 1.083 1.08-3 05-2 1.04- 1.10- 1.08- 05-

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. METHODS A nested case-control study was carried out within a cohort study with 1,120 pregnant women aged 18–49 years old, who were registered in the Family Health Strategy of the city of Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The cases were the 233 women who reported intimate partner violence in pregnancy and the controls were the 499 women who did not report it. Partner violence in pregnancy and previous experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were modeled to identify differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. RESULTS Having seen the mother suffer intimate partner violence was associated with physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.62; 95%CI 1.89–3.63) and in adolescence (OR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.01–2.13), sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.28; 95%CI 1.68–6.38) and intimate partner violence during pregnancy (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.01 – 2.12). The intimate partner violence during pregnancy was frequent in women who reported more episodes of physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.08; 95%CI 1.43–3.02) and adolescence (OR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.07–2.47), who suffered sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.92; 95%CI 1.86–8.27), and who perpetrated violence against the partner (OR = 8.67; 95%CI 4.57–16.45). CONCLUSIONS Experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members emerge as strong risk factors for intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Identifying and understanding protective and risk factors for the emergence of intimate partner violence in pregnancy and its maintenance may help policymakers and health service managers to develop intervention strategies.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. METHODS A nested case-control study was carried out within a cohort study with 1,120 pregnant women aged 18–49 years old, who were registered in the Family Health Strategy of the city of Recife, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The cases were the 233 women who reported intimate partner violence in pregnancy and the controls were the 499 women who did not report it. Partner violence in pregnancy and previous experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were modeled to identify differential associations between the exposure to violence in the family of origin and victimization and perpetration of intimate partner violence in pregnancy. RESULTS Having seen the mother suffer intimate partner violence was associated with physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.62; 95%CI 1.89–3.63) and in adolescence (OR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.01–2.13), sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.28; 95%CI 1.68–6.38) and intimate partner violence during pregnancy (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.01 – 2.12). The intimate partner violence during pregnancy was frequent in women who reported more episodes of physical violence in childhood (OR = 2.08; 95%CI 1.43–3.02) and adolescence (OR = 1.63; 95%CI 1.07–2.47), who suffered sexual violence in childhood (OR = 3.92; 95%CI 1.86–8.27), and who perpetrated violence against the partner (OR = 8.67; 95%CI 4.57–16.45). CONCLUSIONS Experiences of violence committed by parents or other family members emerge as strong risk factors for intimate partner violence in pregnancy. Identifying and understanding protective and risk factors for the emergence of intimate partner violence in pregnancy and its maintenance may help policymakers and health service managers to develop intervention strategies.

OBJETIVO Estimar a incidência e identificar fatores de risco para violência por parceiro íntimo no pós-parto.MÉTODOS Realizamos estudo de coorte prospectivo com mulheres de 18 a 49 anos, cadastradas na Estratégia Saúde da Família da cidade de Recife, Nordeste do Brasil, entre 2005 e 2006. Das 1.057 mulheres entrevistadas durante a gestação e no puerpério, foram avaliadas 539 sem relatos de violência antes e durante a gestação. Foi construído um modelo teórico-conceitual com três blocos de fatores, hierarquicamente ordenados: características sociodemográficas, comportamentais da mulher e do parceiro e dinâmica da relação. A incidência e fatores de risco de violência por parceiro íntimo foram estimados pela Regressão de Poisson.RESULTADOS A incidência de violência no pós-parto foi 9,3% (IC95% 7,0;12,0). Violência psicológica isolada foi mais frequente (4,3%; IC95% 2,8;6,4). A sobreposição de violência psicológica com a física ocorreu em 3,3% (IC95% 2,0;5,3) e com a física ou sexual ou ambas, em quase 2,0% (IC95% 0,8;3,0) dos casos. O risco de violência por parceiro íntimo no pós-parto foi maior para mulheres: com baixa escolaridade (RR = 2,6; IC95% 1,3;5,4), sem renda própria (RR = 1,7; IC95% 1,0;2,9) e que agrediam fisicamente o parceiro sem estarem sendo agredidas (RR = 2,0; IC95% 1,2;3,4), tinham um parceiro muito controlador (RR = 2,5; IC95% 1,1;5,8) e brigavam frequentemente com seus parceiros (RR = 1,7; IC95% 1,0;2,9).CONCLUSÕES A elevada incidência de violência por parceiro íntimo no pós-parto e sua associação com aspectos da qualidade da relação entre o casal, revela a necessidade de políticas públicas que promovam a mediação de conflitos, busquem equidade social e de gênero e possibilitem formas de empoderamento das mulheres para o enfrentamento do ciclo violento.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence and identify risk factors for intimate partner violence during postpartum.METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted with women, aged between 18-49 years, enrolled in the Brazilian Family Health Strategy in Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. Of the 1.057 women interviewed during pregnancy and postpartum, 539 women, who did not report violence before or during pregnancy, were evaluated. A theoretical-conceptual framework was built with three levels of factors hierarchically ordered: women’s and partners’ sociodemografic and behavioral characteristics, and relationship dynamics. Incidence and risk factors of intimate partner violence were estimated by Poisson Regression.RESULTS The incidence of violence during postpartum was 9.3% (95%CI 7.0;12.0). Isolated psychological violence was the most common (4.3%; 95%CI 2.8;6.4). The overlapping of psychological with physical violence occurred at 3.3% (95%CI 2.0;5.3) and with physical and/or sexual in almost 2.0% (95%CI 0.8;3.0) of cases. The risk of partner violence during postpartum was increased for women with a low level of education (RR = 2.6; 95%CI 1.3;5.4), without own income (RR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.0;2.9) and those who perpetrated physical violence against their partner without being assaulted first (RR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2;3.4), had a very controlling partner (RR = 2.5; 95%CI 1.1;5.8), and had frequent fights with their partner (RR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.0;2.9).CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of intimate partner violence during postpartum and its association with aspects of the relationship’s quality between the couple, demonstrated the need for public policies that promote conflict mediation and enable forms of empowerment for women to address the cycle of violence.

OBJETIVO Estimar a incidência e identificar fatores de risco para violência por parceiro íntimo no pós-parto.MÉTODOS Realizamos estudo de coorte prospectivo com mulheres de 18 a 49 anos, cadastradas na Estratégia Saúde da Família da cidade de Recife, Nordeste do Brasil, entre 2005 e 2006. Das 1.057 mulheres entrevistadas durante a gestação e no puerpério, foram avaliadas 539 sem relatos de violência antes e durante a gestação. Foi construído um modelo teórico-conceitual com três blocos de fatores, hierarquicamente ordenados: características sociodemográficas, comportamentais da mulher e do parceiro e dinâmica da relação. A incidência e fatores de risco de violência por parceiro íntimo foram estimados pela Regressão de Poisson.RESULTADOS A incidência de violência no pós-parto foi 9,3% (IC95% 7,0;12,0). Violência psicológica isolada foi mais frequente (4,3%; IC95% 2,8;6,4). A sobreposição de violência psicológica com a física ocorreu em 3,3% (IC95% 2,0;5,3) e com a física ou sexual ou ambas, em quase 2,0% (IC95% 0,8;3,0) dos casos. O risco de violência por parceiro íntimo no pós-parto foi maior para mulheres: com baixa escolaridade (RR = 2,6; IC95% 1,3;5,4), sem renda própria (RR = 1,7; IC95% 1,0;2,9) e que agrediam fisicamente o parceiro sem estarem sendo agredidas (RR = 2,0; IC95% 1,2;3,4), tinham um parceiro muito controlador (RR = 2,5; IC95% 1,1;5,8) e brigavam frequentemente com seus parceiros (RR = 1,7; IC95% 1,0;2,9).CONCLUSÕES A elevada incidência de violência por parceiro íntimo no pós-parto e sua associação com aspectos da qualidade da relação entre o casal, revela a necessidade de políticas públicas que promovam a mediação de conflitos, busquem equidade social e de gênero e possibilitem formas de empoderamento das mulheres para o enfrentamento do ciclo violento.

OBJECTIVE To estimate the incidence and identify risk factors for intimate partner violence during postpartum.METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted with women, aged between 18-49 years, enrolled in the Brazilian Family Health Strategy in Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. Of the 1.057 women interviewed during pregnancy and postpartum, 539 women, who did not report violence before or during pregnancy, were evaluated. A theoretical-conceptual framework was built with three levels of factors hierarchically ordered: women’s and partners’ sociodemografic and behavioral characteristics, and relationship dynamics. Incidence and risk factors of intimate partner violence were estimated by Poisson Regression.RESULTS The incidence of violence during postpartum was 9.3% (95%CI 7.0;12.0). Isolated psychological violence was the most common (4.3%; 95%CI 2.8;6.4). The overlapping of psychological with physical violence occurred at 3.3% (95%CI 2.0;5.3) and with physical and/or sexual in almost 2.0% (95%CI 0.8;3.0) of cases. The risk of partner violence during postpartum was increased for women with a low level of education (RR = 2.6; 95%CI 1.3;5.4), without own income (RR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.0;2.9) and those who perpetrated physical violence against their partner without being assaulted first (RR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2;3.4), had a very controlling partner (RR = 2.5; 95%CI 1.1;5.8), and had frequent fights with their partner (RR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.0;2.9).CONCLUSIONS The high incidence of intimate partner violence during postpartum and its association with aspects of the relationship’s quality between the couple, demonstrated the need for public policies that promote conflict mediation and enable forms of empowerment for women to address the cycle of violence.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e analisar o padrão da violência por parceiro íntimo antes e durante a gestação e no pós-parto. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte realizado com 960 mulheres de 18 a 49 anos, cadastradas no Programa Saúde da Família da cidade do Recife, PE, entre 2005 e 2006. As mulheres foram entrevistadas durante a gestação e no puerpério, utilizando-se um questionário adaptado do Estudo Multipaíses sobre a Saúde da Mulher e Violência Doméstica da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para avaliar o padrão de ocorrência da violência por parceiro íntimo, entre um determinado período e o subseqüente, o odds ratio foi calculado com intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de violência por parceiro íntimo antes, durante e/ou depois da gestação foi estimada em 47,4% e, para cada período isolado, em 32,4%, 31,0% e 22,6%, respectivamente. As mulheres que relataram violência antes da gravidez tiveram chance 11,6 vezes maior (IC95%: 8,3;16,2) de relatar violência durante a gravidez. Quando as mulheres relataram violência durante a gravidez, a chance de relatos no pós-parto foi 8,2 vezes maior (IC95%: 5,1;11,7). A violência psicológica foi a de maior prevalência, principalmente durante a gestação (28,8%; IC95%: 26,0%;31,7%); a sexual, a menos prevalente, especialmente no pós-parto (3,7%; IC95%: 2,6%;5,0%); e a física diminuiu quase 50% durante a gestação em comparação com o período anterior. CONCLUSÕES: Parcela significativa das mulheres em idade reprodutiva vivencia situações de violência por parceiro íntimo. Os períodos de consultas de pré-natal e de puericultura são oportunidades para que o profissional de saúde possa identificar situações de violência.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and analyze the pattern of intimate partner violence, before and during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. METHODS: This was a cohort study undertaken on 960 women aged 18 to 49 years, who were registered in the Family Health Program of the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The women were interviewed during pregnancy and in the postpartum period, using a questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization's Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence. To assess the pattern of intimate partner violence occurrences between a given time period and the subsequent period, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of intimate partner violence before, during and/or after pregnancy was estimated to be 47.4%. For the three periods separately, it was 32.4%, 31.0% and 22.6% respectively. The women who reported violence before pregnancy were 11.6 times more likely to report violence during pregnancy (95%CI: 8.3;16.2). When the women reported violence during pregnancy, the chance of reports in the postpartum period was 8.2 times higher (95%CI: 5.1;11.7). Psychological violence was more prevalent, especially during pregnancy (28.8%; 95%CI: 26.0%;31.7%). Sexual violence was less prevalent, especially after delivery (3.7%; 95%CI: 2.6%;5.0%). Physical violence diminished by almost 50% during pregnancy, in comparison with the preceding period. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of women of reproductive age experience situations of intimate partner violence. The periods of prenatal and childcare consultations are opportunities for healthcare professionals to identify situations of violence.

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia y analizar el patrón de violencia por pareja íntima, antes y durante la gestación y en el postparto. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte realizado con 960 mujeres de 18 a 49 años, catastradas en el Programa Salud de la Familia de la ciudad de Recife, Noreste de Brasil, entre 2005 y 2006. Las mujeres fueron entrevistadas durante la gestación y en el puerperio, utilizándose un cuestionario adaptado del Estudio Multipaíses sobre la Salud de la Mujer y Violencia Domestica de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Para evaluar el patrón de ocurrencia de la violencia por pareja íntima, entre un determinado periodo y el subsecuente, el odds ratio (OR) fue calculado con intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95%). RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de violencia por pareja íntima antes, durante y/o después de la gestación fue estimada en 47,4% y para cada período aislado, en 32,4%, 31,0% y 22,6%, respectivamente. Las mujeres que relataron violencia antes del embarazo tuvieron chance 11,6 veces mayor (IC95%:8,3;6,2) de relatar violencia durante el embarazo. Cuando las mujeres relataron violencia durante el embarazo, el chance de relatos en el postparto fue 8,2 veces mayor (IC95%:5,1;11,7). La violencia psicológica fue la de mayor prevalencia, principalmente durante la gestación (28,8%; IC95%:26,0%;31,7%); la sexual, la menos prevalente, especialmente en el postparto (3,7%; IC95%: 2,6%;5,0%); y la física disminuyó casi 50% durante la gestación en comparación con el período anterior. CONCLUSIONES: Parcela significativa de as mujeres en edad reproductiva experimenta situaciones de violencia por pareja íntima. Los períodos de consultas de prenatal y de puericultura son oportunidades para que el profesional de salud pueda identificar situaciones de violencia.

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e analisar o padrão da violência por parceiro íntimo antes e durante a gestação e no pós-parto. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte realizado com 960 mulheres de 18 a 49 anos, cadastradas no Programa Saúde da Família da cidade do Recife, PE, entre 2005 e 2006. As mulheres foram entrevistadas durante a gestação e no puerpério, utilizando-se um questionário adaptado do Estudo Multipaíses sobre a Saúde da Mulher e Violência Doméstica da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Para avaliar o padrão de ocorrência da violência por parceiro íntimo, entre um determinado período e o subseqüente, o odds ratio foi calculado com intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de violência por parceiro íntimo antes, durante e/ou depois da gestação foi estimada em 47,4% e, para cada período isolado, em 32,4%, 31,0% e 22,6%, respectivamente. As mulheres que relataram violência antes da gravidez tiveram chance 11,6 vezes maior (IC95%: 8,3;16,2) de relatar violência durante a gravidez. Quando as mulheres relataram violência durante a gravidez, a chance de relatos no pós-parto foi 8,2 vezes maior (IC95%: 5,1;11,7). A violência psicológica foi a de maior prevalência, principalmente durante a gestação (28,8%; IC95%: 26,0%;31,7%); a sexual, a menos prevalente, especialmente no pós-parto (3,7%; IC95%: 2,6%;5,0%); e a física diminuiu quase 50% durante a gestação em comparação com o período anterior. CONCLUSÕES: Parcela significativa das mulheres em idade reprodutiva vivencia situações de violência por parceiro íntimo. Os períodos de consultas de pré-natal e de puericultura são oportunidades para que o profissional de saúde possa identificar situações de violência.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and analyze the pattern of intimate partner violence, before and during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. METHODS: This was a cohort study undertaken on 960 women aged 18 to 49 years, who were registered in the Family Health Program of the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. The women were interviewed during pregnancy and in the postpartum period, using a questionnaire adapted from the World Health Organization's Multi-country Study on Women's Health and Domestic Violence. To assess the pattern of intimate partner violence occurrences between a given time period and the subsequent period, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of intimate partner violence before, during and/or after pregnancy was estimated to be 47.4%. For the three periods separately, it was 32.4%, 31.0% and 22.6% respectively. The women who reported violence before pregnancy were 11.6 times more likely to report violence during pregnancy (95%CI: 8.3;16.2). When the women reported violence during pregnancy, the chance of reports in the postpartum period was 8.2 times higher (95%CI: 5.1;11.7). Psychological violence was more prevalent, especially during pregnancy (28.8%; 95%CI: 26.0%;31.7%). Sexual violence was less prevalent, especially after delivery (3.7%; 95%CI: 2.6%;5.0%). Physical violence diminished by almost 50% during pregnancy, in comparison with the preceding period. CONCLUSIONS: A significant proportion of women of reproductive age experience situations of intimate partner violence. The periods of prenatal and childcare consultations are opportunities for healthcare professionals to identify situations of violence.

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia y analizar el patrón de violencia por pareja íntima, antes y durante la gestación y en el postparto. MÉTODOS: Estudio de cohorte realizado con 960 mujeres de 18 a 49 años, catastradas en el Programa Salud de la Familia de la ciudad de Recife, Noreste de Brasil, entre 2005 y 2006. Las mujeres fueron entrevistadas durante la gestación y en el puerperio, utilizándose un cuestionario adaptado del Estudio Multipaíses sobre la Salud de la Mujer y Violencia Domestica de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Para evaluar el patrón de ocurrencia de la violencia por pareja íntima, entre un determinado periodo y el subsecuente, el odds ratio (OR) fue calculado con intervalos de 95% de confianza (IC95%). RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de violencia por pareja íntima antes, durante y/o después de la gestación fue estimada en 47,4% y para cada período aislado, en 32,4%, 31,0% y 22,6%, respectivamente. Las mujeres que relataron violencia antes del embarazo tuvieron chance 11,6 veces mayor (IC95%:8,3;6,2) de relatar violencia durante el embarazo. Cuando las mujeres relataron violencia durante el embarazo, el chance de relatos en el postparto fue 8,2 veces mayor (IC95%:5,1;11,7). La violencia psicológica fue la de mayor prevalencia, principalmente durante la gestación (28,8%; IC95%:26,0%;31,7%); la sexual, la menos prevalente, especialmente en el postparto (3,7%; IC95%: 2,6%;5,0%); y la física disminuyó casi 50% durante la gestación en comparación con el período anterior. CONCLUSIONES: Parcela significativa de as mujeres en edad reproductiva experimenta situaciones de violencia por pareja íntima. Los períodos de consultas de prenatal y de puericultura son oportunidades para que el profesional de salud pueda identificar situaciones de violencia.