RESUMO A fragmentação florestal tem sido intensa na parte leste da Amazônia, afetando negativamente as populações silvestres. O desmatamento rápido nesta região intensifica a necessidade de entender como estas mudanças afetam as populações de espécies endêmicas e de implementar medidas de conservação de ecossistemas. Nós analisamos o nível de conexão que ainda existe entre os fragmentos florestais na Área de Endemismo Xingu, na Amazônia Oriental, e atribuímos prioridade de conservação aos fragmentos mais importantes para a manutenção da conectividade entre fragmentos. Analisamos estruturalmente a paisagem do Xingu usando a Análise Morfológica de Padrão Espacial e classificamos cada fragmento de acordo com sua importância usando um Índice de Conectividade. Nossos resultados indicam grande diferença no potencial de conservação ao longo da área de estudo. Apesar de que grande parte da área de estudo já possui algum tipo de proteção, futuras ações de conservação deveriam priorizar a conexão entre fragmentos de hábitat, para maximizar o potencial de dispersão e minimizar o isolamento genético de componentes da biodiversidade. Produzimos um mapa de áreas prioritárias para maximizar a conectividade. Essas áreas incluem fragmentos com grandes áreas-núcleo e fragmentos de alta qualidade que promovem conexão entre habitats que, conjuntamente, podem formar corredores cruciais para o fluxo gênico em uma região de alta diversidade biológica na Amazônia.

ABSTRACT Forest fragmentation has been intense in the eastern Amazon region, which has negatively affected wildlife populations. The speed of deforestation in this region underscores the urgent need to understand the effects of such changes on populations of endemic species, and to implement measures for ecosystem conservation. We analyzed the extent to which fragmented forests are still connected in the Xingu Area of Endemism, in the eastern Brazilian Amazon, and assigned conservation priority to fragments most important for connectivity maintenance. We structurally classified the Xingu landscape using the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis and ranked each fragment according to its importance using an Index of Connectivity. Our data revealed important differences in conservation potential across the region. Although most of the study area already receives some degree of protection, future conservation actions should prioritize the connection of habitat fragments to maximize dispersal potential and minimize genetic isolation of biodiversity components. We produced a map of prioritary areas for connectivity maximization. These areas include fragments with large core areas and high-quality fragments that provide connection among habitats which, together, should maintain crucial corridors for gene flow in a biologically-rich region of the Amazon.

ABSTRACT Berlandiella Mello-Leitão, 1929 is currently composed of six Neotropical species, of which Berlandiella querencia Lise & Silva, 2011 is known only from female specimens; the other species of the genus were described based on both males and females. In this paper, we describe and illustrate Berlandiella zabele sp. nov., based on a few individuals collected in Sete Cidades National Park, Piracuruca and Brasileira, state of Piauí, Brazil. We illustrate and describe the previously unknown male of B. querencia, based on a specimen collected from Reserva Mocambo, Belém, state of Pará, Brazil. The taxa described herein have scopula in the tarsi and metatarsi, and the males have a cymbial process, characters recorded for the first time for the genus. Additionally, we present an updated diagnosis for Berlandiella.

Two new species of Alpaida, A. levii and A. yanayacu, the male of A. iquitos Levi, 1988 and the female of A. gurupi Levi, 1988 are described and illustrated for the first time. Alpaida levii, described from the states of Pará and Amazonas, is closely related to A. delicata (Keyserling, 1892), but differs in that males have a curved and distally pointed terminal apophysis, and females have the epigynum longer than wide and a drop-shaped median lobe. Alpaida yanayacu is only known from Ecuador and is characterized by long and rounded lateral lobes in ventral view and median lobe wide at base. A brief discussion about the morphological similarity among A. levii, A. delicata and A. truncata (Keyserling, 1865) is presented. Based on the information provided, new diagnoses are proposed for A. delicata and A. truncata. New records of A. antonio Levi, 1988, A. bicornuta (Taczanowski, 1878), A. boa Levi, 1988, A. deborae Levi, 1988, A. delicata, A. erythrothorax (Taczanowski, 1873), A. guimaraes Levi, 1988, A. guto Abrahim & Bonaldo, 2008, A. gurupi, A. iquitos, A. leucogramma (White, 1841), A. murtinho Levi, 1988, A. negro Levi, 1988, A. rossi Levi, 1988, A. septemmammata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889), A. simla Levi, 1988, A. tayos Levi, 1988, A. truncata, A. urucuca Levi, 1988, A. utiariti Levi, 1988 and A. veniliae Levi, 1988 are presented.

O macho de Mangora brokopondo Levi, 2007 é descrito e ilustrado pela primeira vez. Variação no padrão de coloração da fêmea é documentada. Mangora woytkowskii Levi, 2007 é considerado sinônimo-júnior de M. hirtipes (Taczanowski, 1878). Novos registros de M. alinahui Levi, 2007 e M. pia Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 são apresentados.

The male of Mangora brokopondo Levi, 2007 is described and illustrated for the first time. Variation in the color pattern of the females is documented. Mangora woytkowskii Levi, 2007 is considered a junior synonym of M. hirtipes (Taczanowski, 1878). New records of M. alinahui Levi, 2007 and M. pia Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 are presented.