RESUMO: As leishmanioses representam um complexo de doenças de caráter crônico de alta importância na saúde pública mundial e com distribuição geográfica ampla. A apresentação clínica variada e a baixa sensibilidade e especificidade de alguns métodos para a detecção da doença tornam complexo o diagnóstico da leishmainiose visceral canina (LVC). Entre os diversos testes laboratóriais disponíveis, estudos tem sugerido que a pesquisa de parasitos no líquido sinovial (LS) pode ser uma ferramenta auxiliar no diagnóstico da LVC. Apesar disso, inexistem estudos avaliando a relação entre o estágio clínico da doença e a detecção de Leishmania sp. no LS. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a detecção de amastigotas de Leishmania sp. no LS de cães acometidos por diferentes estádios da doença. Foram avaliados 48 cães, sendo 12 negativos para LVC (grupo controle negativo, G1) e 36 soropositivos. O grupo 2 (doença moderada, G2) incluiu animais classificados no estádio II da doença, enquanto o grupo 3 (doença grave, G3) abrangeu animais classificados em estádio III. Na análise do líquido sinovial dos cães, o parasito foi visualizado em seis (33,3%) cães do G2 e 16 (88,9)% dos cães de G3 (p=0.0437). O presente trabalho sugere que a análise do LS apresenta alto valor como ferramenta suplementar no diagnóstico da LVC. Em adição, o presente estudo indica, pela primeira vez, que o teste apresenta uma sensibilidade maior em animais que apresentam a forma grave da doença.

ABSTRACT: Leishmaniasis represents a complex of chronic diseases with a broad geographic distribution and a high significance in public health worldwide. The varied clinical signs in conjunction with the low sensitivity and specificity of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) detection methods make diagnosis of the disease complex. Among the several available laboratory tests, studies have suggested that the detection of parasites in synovial fluid (SF) is a good auxiliary tool in the diagnosis of CVL. However, no study has evaluated the influence of the clinical stage of CVL in the detection of Leishmania sp. in SF. This study aimed to evaluate the detection of Leishmania sp. amastigotes in the SF of dogs at different stages of the disease. The negative control group (G1) comprised 12 dogs that tested negative for CVL. Thirty-six other dogs, tested serologically positive for CVL, were divided into two groups: Group 2 (G2), which included animals at stage II of the disease (moderate; n=18), and Group 3 (G3) included animals at stage III of the disease (severe; n=18). The analysis of SF revealed the presence of parasites in six (33.3%) dogs from G2 and in 16 (88.9%) dogs from G3 (p=0.0437). The present research suggested that SF analysis is of high value as a supplementary tool in the diagnosis of CVL. As a new finding, the present study also indicated that this test has a higher sensitivity in animals presenting with more severe stage of the disease.

This experimental in vitro study evaluated the influence of screw length on the mechanical properties of a locking reconstruction plate designed with locking rings inserted into plate holes. Synthetic bone cylinders with 10 mm fracture gap and seven-hole locking reconstruction plates were used. Two groups of bone-plate constructs were assembled: Group 1 – three monocortical screws on each fracture side, Group 2 - three bicortical screws on each fracture side. In each group nine bone-plate constructs were tested until failure, three each in bending, compression and torsion. In each group, 21 bone-plate constructs were tested for failure in fatigue testing, seven each for bending, compression and torsion. In all static testing no significant differences were found between G1 and G2, except ultimate moment in torsion test (G2>G1; P=0.008). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between groups in axial compression fatigue testing (G1>G2; P<0.05) and four-point bending fatigue testing (G1<G2; P<0.05) in maximum load, minimum load, maximum moment, and minimum moment. In conclusion, screw length can affect the mechanical properties of locking reconstruction plate. Compared to bicortical screws, monocortical screws were less resistant to bending than axial compression. This must be considered when choosing implant, particularly in fractures under high axial loads.

As aderências pulmonares em cães são sequelas comuns após trauma penetrante, fratura costal, infecção, intervenção cirúrgica, entre outras que prejudicam eventuais intervenções ou reintervenções. Neste estudo, pretendeu-se verificar, em cães, a eficiência da solução de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) 0,9%, adicionada ou não com dexametasona, na prevenção de aderências após toracotomia intercostal. Para isso, foram utilizados três cães, em estudo piloto, e 15 cães, separados em três grupos (A, B, C), submetidos a toracotomia no quinto espaço intercostal esquerdo. Nos cães do grupo A, foi feita somente a toracotomia e a toracorrafia; nos do grupo B, foram realizadas a toracotomia e a toracorrafia e injeção na cavidade pleural ipsolateral de 1mg kg-1 de dexametasona, diluída em 10ml de NaCl a 0,9%. Nos do grupo C, além da toracotomia e toracorrafia, foram injetados no tórax 10ml kg-1 de solução de NaCl a 0,9%. Após 15 dias, foi efetuada videotoracoscopia transdiafragmática para se determinar a presença e o escore de aderências entre o pulmão e a parede costal. Os resultados demonstraram presença de aderências na maioria dos animais do grupo A e reduzida a nenhuma aderência nos demais grupos. Na avaliação estatística, foi aplicado o teste qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. O uso de solução de NaCl a 0,9% adicionada ou não com dexametasona no espaço pleural evita ou reduz aderências pulmonares após a toracotomia intercostal.

Pulmonary adhesions in dogs are a common sequel after surgical intervention, undermining any interventions. This study aimed to determine in dogs, the efficacy of sodium chloride solution 0.9% with or without dexamethasone in order to prevent adhesions after intercostal thoracotomy. Fifteen dogs were separated into three groups of five animals, A, B and C and underwent thoracotomy in the fifth left intercostal space. Three other dogs were submitted to a previous study. In the dogs of Group A it was performed only a thoracotomy and thoracorraphy; in group B, it was performed a thoracotomy, thoracorraphy and injection into the pleural cavity of isotonic sodium chloride (10ml) and dexamethasone (1mg kg-1). In the dogs of the group C, it was performed the thoracotomy thoracorraphy and injected isotonic sodium chloride (10ml kg-1) into the pleural cavity. After 15 days of thoracotomy, it was performed transdiaphragmatic thoracocospy to determine the presence and score of adhesions between the lung and chest wall. The results demonstrated the presence of adhesions in the majority of group A and reduced or no adhesions in the other groups. For statistical evaluation, it was pplied the chi-square test with significance level of 5% (P≤0.05). The sodium chloride solution 0.9% with or without dexamethasone in the pleural space prevented or reduced lung adhesions after intercostal thoracotomy.