Resumen Pinus pseudostrobus es una conífera ampliamente aprovechada en el estado de Michoacán para la extracción de resina; sin embargo, los métodos actuales de resinación son empíricos y sin conocimiento de la producción potencial. A partir de variables dasométricas y con el uso del método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO) y modelos de efectos mixtos (MEM), se evaluó un modelo de predicción para estimar la producción de resina. A 215 árboles resineros, se les midió el diámetro normal, diámetro de copa y altura total, además se cuantificó la producción de resina por cara (2 186 caras) en un intervalo altitudinal de 2 226 a 2 785 m. Posterior a depurar la base de datos y a construir la variable combinada (d 2 At), se ajustó un modelo lineal de tipo logarítmico en el programa R ® bajo dos enfoques estadísticos: MCO y MEM. Al incluir la covariable de altitud en los MEM como variable de agrupación, se tiene una ganancia estadística promedio de 17 % con respecto a MCO. No hubo incumplimiento de los supuestos de regresión de normalidad y homocedasticidad. Se propone un modelo con parámetros globales para estimar el rendimiento de resina promedio y tres variantes con parámetros aleatorios, en las cuales la altitud de 2 500 m presenta la mayor producción. La productividad estimada y su relación con los intervalos altitudinales puede utilizarse para el establecimiento de plantaciones forestales resineras o en la elaboración de planes de gestión forestal para la especie en la Comunidad Indígena de Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán.

Abstract Pinus pseudostrobus is a conifer widely used in the state of Michoacán for the extraction of resin; however, current resin extraction methods are empirical and without knowledge of the potential production. Based on mensuration variables and using the ordinary least squares (OLS) method and mixed effects models (MEM), a predictive model for estimating resin production was evaluated. The normal diameter, crown diameter and total height of 215 resin trees were measured; in addition, the resin production per face (2 186 faces) was quantified in an altitudinal range of 2 226 to 2 785 m. After debugging the database and constructing the combined variable (d2tH), a logarithmic linear model was adjusted under two statistical approaches ―OLS and MEM―, using the R® software. By including the altitude covariate in the MEM as a grouping variable, there is an average statistical gain of 17 % with respect to the OLS approach. No issues of non-compliance with the normality regression or homoscedasticity assumptions were observed. A model with global parameters is proposed to estimate the average resin yield for the region and three variants with random parameters, where the altitude of 2 500 m has the highest production. The estimated productivity and its relationship with the altitudinal ranges can be a guideline for the establishment of forest plantations for resin extraction purposes or the development of forest management plans for the species in the Indigenous Community of Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán.

Abstract Ischemic strokes secondary to occlusion of large vessels have been described in patients with COVID-19. Also, venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism have been related to the disease. Vascular occlusion may be associated with a prothrombotic state due to COVID-19-related coagulopathy and endotheliopathy. Intracranial hemorrhagic lesions can additionally be seen in these patients. The causative mechanism of hemorrhage could be associated with anticoagulant therapy or factors such as coagulopathy and endotheliopathy. We report on cases of ischemic, thrombotic, and hemorrhagic complications in six patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed typical SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia findings in all the cases, which were all confirmed by either serology or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the infrastructure (e.g., availability, resources, and staff), basic metrics, and problems (e.g., network, overcrowding, resources, and infrastructure) of the psychiatric emergency services in Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study assessing psychiatric services (n=29) listed by the Brazilian Psychiatric Association in 2019. RESULTS: Almost all the units reported 24 h/7-day availability having psychiatrists, nurses, and social workers, with 8.8 (SE=2.2) and 2.8 (SE=0.3) consultations and hospitalizations per day, respectively. Separated room for contention was reported by the minority of the services (38%). The most commonly reported problems were insufficient structure for child/adolescent care (83%), increasing patient demand (72%), housing referral for homeless (72%), excessive prescription demand (69%), short-term room overcrowding (59%), court orders for inpatient treatment (59%), lack of vacancies for inpatients hospitalization (59%), and referral to primary care (56%). CONCLUSIONS: Similar to the United States, the Brazilian psychiatric emergency units are decreasing and encompass the shortcomings of the Brazilian mental health care network.

ABSTRACT Neurobrucellosis is caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella and is responsible for several clinical manifestations, making diagnosis challenging. The most common route of infection is through the consumption of unpasteurized or raw dairy products such as fresh milk, butter, and cheese. As neurological complications can develop chronically, they are frequently misdiagnosed as other infections, such as tuberculosis. This report reviews the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approach, treatment, and prognosis of neurobrucellosis, illustrating a case of chronic intracranial hypertension and meningoencephalitis secondary to brucellosis. The clinical presentation of brucellosis can mimic several systemic diseases, resulting in diagnostic delays and clinical complications. A high degree of suspicion is required, and neurobrucellosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of chronic meningitis.

ABSTRACT The use of mining tailings meets the needs of circular economy as it increases the useful service life of this material. The present work evaluated the use of gold mining tailings (main raw material) in the production of soil-cement bricks formed by cement, tailings and soil. Mixtures were prepared with traces of cement CPII-Z-32 (1): tailings (5-10): soil (0-5) and subjected to physical characterization (particle size distribution - NBR 7181, specific mass by picnometry - helium gas, and specific surface area - BET), chemical (X-ray fluorescence), mineralogical (X-ray diffraction), geotechnical (consistency limits) and compaction tests (NBR 12023), the latter being used to determine the optimum moisture content used in the production of the bricks for each mixture. The mechanical parameters of the bricks were characterized according to NBR 8491 and the environmental assessment was carried out using NBR 10004. The soil-cement brick with the addition of 50% of soil reached values of ft = 3.1 MPa and A = 17.0%. However, even if it meets the specifications of NBR 8491, each mining tailing has unique characteristics of hazardousness. Therefore, the brick with 50% of soil was evaluated according to NBR 10004 in which it was classified as non-dangerous, but not inert due to the high content of aluminum. The higher the soil content, the closer these parameters are to the maximum allowed by the standard. The chemical evaluation showed phases of cement hydration that are related to the stabilization of contaminants such as cyanide. Finally, the tailing studied demonstrated their potential use as a raw material in the manufacture of soil-cement bricks by meeting the Brazilian’s specifications. It is suggested that new bricks with higher proportions of soil be evaluated.

RESUMO A economia circular na mineração, com a utilização de rejeitos para geração de novos produtos, destaca-se como forma potencial de mitigar o passivo ambiental da atividade mineral. Este trabalho avaliou a utilização de rejeito da mineração de ouro, como matéria-prima principal, na composição de tijolos tipo solo-cimento. Para tal, foram preparadas misturas com traços cimento CPII-Z-32 (1): rejeito (5-10): solo (0-5) e submetidas à caracterização física (distribuição granulométrica pela NBR 7181, massa específica por picnometria a gás hélio e área superficial específica por BET), química (fluorescência de raios-X), mineralógica (difração de raios-X), geotécnica (limites de consistência) e ensaios de compactação (NBR 12023), sendo este último ensaio determinador do teor de umidade ótimo utilizado na produção dos tijolos para cada mistura. Os parâmetros mecânicos dos tijolos foram caracterizados segundo a NBR 8491 e a avaliação ambiental foi realizada através da NBR 10004. Os tijolos com traço 1:5:5 alcançaram resistência a compressão de 3,1 MPa e absorção de água de 17,0%, compatíveis com a exigência da norma. A NBR 10004 classificou estes tijolos como um produto não perigoso e não inerte devido à solubilização de alumínio superior ao limite estabelecido. A liberação de alumínio está associada a composição química natural das matérias-primas. Por outro lado, contaminantes do rejeito, como o cianeto, foram imobilizados pela mistura cimento, rejeito e solo através das fases de hidratação do cimento (C-S-H e C-A-S-H). Portanto, os estudos demonstraram que o rejeito da mineração de ouro estudada, até então considerado passivo ambiental, apresenta potencial para produção de tijolos tipo solo-cimento atendendo as especificações técnicas e ambientais.

Abstract Chonetoidea corresponds to one of the most abundant superfamilies throughout the Malvinokaffric Realm (Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay, Antarctica, Peru and South-Central Brazil). In this paper we provided a better understanding of the diversity of this superfamily during the Devonian in southern Gondwana. For Bolivian specimens, we corroborate both the occurrence of Pleurochonetes anteloi in the Huamampampa Formation, that is, this species may have occurred at least in the Givetian, and the occurrence of Australostrophia mesembria in the Pragian-Emsian of Bolivia. We further identify both Aseptonetes isaacsoni in the Icla/Gamoneda Formation, which represents the oldest occurrence of this species, and Chonostrophia truyolsae in the Belén Formation/Bolivian Altiplano, thereby expanding its geographical distribution. We also provide the first description and illustration of a specimen of Chonetoidea from Antarctica and record the first occurrence of Australostrophia mesembria, Devonochonetinae indet. and Eodevonaria sp. in the Cabanillas Formation of Peru. Because A. mesembria is a typical Malvinokaffric species, this corroborates the extension of this realm into southern Peru.

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the transformations in the relationship between the Goeldi Museum and Indigenous peoples, specifically the Mebêngôkre, better known as Kayapo, in a long-term perspective. Their complexity is not merely influence of a social Darwinism that would have cornered natural history museums in the role of agents of colonialism and ideologues of structural racism. Three key moments in the construction of ties between the Goeldi Museum and the Mebêngôkre are analyzed: the transition from the 19th to the 20th century, when religious missions were financed by the State and compulsory intermediaries between the Indigenous people and national society to integrate them into ‘civilization’; the 1930s, when new migratory movements to the Amazon region and the dictates of an oligarchy that strengthened itself through land control - especially in Brazil nut production areas - threatened the physical and territorial integrity of this people; and, finally, the 1980s-1990s, when opposition to the developmentalism of the military regime emerged and crystallized into a socio-environmental model that recognizes the importance of the role of Indigenous peoples and traditional populations in the Amazon. After highlighting the transformations observed in the relationship between museums and Indigenous peoples, the article concludes by advocating the importance assumed, in the 21st century, by collaborative research and participatory museology, both for their scientific qualification and for the appreciation of Indigenous knowledge with profound political, social, and environmental repercussions.

RESUMO O artigo apresenta as transformações no relacionamento do Museu Goeldi com os povos indígenas, neste caso, os Mebêngôkre (mais conhecidos como Kayapó), em uma perspectiva de longa duração. A complexidade dessa relação não se resume à mera influência de um darwinismo social que teria acantonado os museus de história natural no papel de agentes do colonialismo e de ideólogos de um racismo estrutural. Três momentos-chave da construção dos vínculos entre o Museu Goeldi e os Mebêngôkre são analisados: a transição entre o século XIX e o XX, quando missões religiosas eram financiadas pelo Estado e intermediárias obrigatórias entre os indígenas e a sociedade nacional, no intuito de integrá-los à “civilização”; os anos 1930, em que novos movimentos migratórios para a região amazônica e os ditames de uma oligarquia que se fortalecia por meio do controle fundiário - sobretudo em áreas produtoras de castanha-do-pará - ameaçavam a integridade física e territorial desse povo; e, finalmente, os anos 1980-1990, quando surge uma oposição ao desenvolvimentismo do regime militar, cristalizando-se num modelo socioambiental que reconhece a importância do protagonismo dos indígenas e das populações tradicionais na Amazônia. Uma vez destacadas as transformações verificadas na relação entre museus e povos indígenas, conclui-se advogando a importância assumida no século XXI por pesquisas colaborativas e por uma museologia participativa - tanto para sua qualificação científica quanto para a valorização de um saber indígena com profundas repercussões políticas, sociais e ambientais.

ABSTRACT In this study, B. cereus was detected in dialysis fluids within international parameters (ultrapure – maximum limit of 0.1 CFU/mL for heterotrophic bacteria count) by analyzing the pellet obtained through the centrifugation method. We also investigated the ability of the B. cereus isolate to form a biofilm at different temperatures, the production of virulence factors, and the susceptibility to commercial antimicrobial agents. This study demonstrated a high ability of B. cereus to persist in the hemodialysis system, which can be explained by its broad ability to produce a biofilm at 25 °C, its relevant production of virulence factors, such as β-hemolysin, lecithinase and cereulide, and its important resistance pattern to antimicrobial drugs. In conclusion, these new findings expand the understanding that this microorganism should not be neglected and new methods for tracking it should be considered.

ABSTRACT Background: Neglected tropical diseases are a growing threat to global health, and endemic Chagas disease has emerged as one of the most important health problems in America. The main strategy to prevent Trypanosoma cruzi transmission is chemical control of vectors. This study presents a descriptive analysis of synanthropic triatomines before and after the implementation of a vector-control program in Bahia, Brazil. Methods: Descriptive analysis and geospatial statistics were performed on triatomine data, (1) the relative abundance and (2) proportional spatial distribution, from Bahia during two periods: (A) 1957 to 1971 and (B) 2006 to 2019. Results: We observed a decrease in the relative abundance of Panstrongylus megistus (A: n=22.032, 61.9%; B: n=1.842, 1.0%) and Triatoma infestans (A: n=1.310, 3.7%; B: n=763, 0.43%), as well as an increase in the relative abundance of T. sordida (A: n=8.314, 23.4%, B: n=146.901, 81.6%) and T. pseudomaculata (A: n=894, 2.5%, B: n=16.717, 9.3%). Conclusions: Our results indicate a clear reduction in the occurrence of P. megistus and T. infestans (last record in 2015) and an increase in the relative abundance and geographical distribution of T. sordida and T. pseudomaculata after 40 years of the vector-control program. The high frequency of other triatomine species in the municipalities of the state of Bahia and their abundance in recent years highlight the need to reinforce permanent entomological surveillance actions to prevent Chagas disease.

The synthesis of 3-alkyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H- pyrazole-1-carboxamides, 3-alkyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazole-1-thiocarboxamides, and 2-(3-alkyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-thiazoles derivatives are reported. [3 + 2] cyclocondensations for a series of long alkyl chain 1,1,1-trifluoro-4-methoxyalk-3-en-2-ones and semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide were carried out in ethanol, an eco-friendly medium. The series of trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl-thiocarboxamide following a [3 + 2] cyclocondensation with 2-bromoacetophenone were converted into two series of 2-(3-alkyl-5-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-thiazoles. Good yields (69-96%) of the isolated products were obtained. The structures of the new long alkyl chain 1H-pyrazoles and 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)thiazoles were characterized using 1H, 13C, and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric (ESI MS/MS) data. Moreover, some of the products were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative Escherichia coli American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 35218, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692; and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA clinical isolate), Streptococcus sp. (clinical isolate), and Candida albicans ATCC 14053 and Candida krusei ATCC 6258 fungi. All the tested 1H-pyrazoles exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities at the tested concentrations. The compounds from series 4 were found to be powerful against MRSA.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The professionals who work in pre-hospital care are exposed to unhealthy environments, which can represent risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, the objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in professionals of the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) and identify its associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, carried out at three SAMU bases in Pernambuco. Ninety five professionals were evaluated, of both sexes and age range between 21-58 years old, being (n=36: ambulance drivers, n=38: nursing technicians, n=15: nurses and n=6: physicians). For the musculoskeletal pain evaluation, the Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms was used. To quantify the intensity of pain, the visual analogue scale was used. RESULTS: Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 71.6% (n=68) of the rescuers; of these, only 18% (n=17) mentioned that they already had these pains before their SAMU labor activity. Nursing technicians were the professionals most affected by the musculoskeletal pain (89.5%), followed by nurses (73.3%), ambulance drivers (55.6%) and the physicians (50%). The lumbar spine (53.5%), knees (32.6%) and cervical spine (30.5%) were the body regions most affected by pain and the female sex was associated with musculoskeletal pain presence (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: High musculoskeletal pain prevalence was observed among professionals of SAMU, especially in the nursing professionals. In addition, the female sex was shown to be a factor associated with musculoskeletal pain presence in this group of professionals.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os profissionais do atendimento pré-hospitalar estão expostos a ambientes insalubres, que podem representar fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi observar a prevalência de dor musculoesquelética em profissionais do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) e seus fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, realizado em três bases do SAMU de Pernambuco. Foram avaliados 95 profissionais, de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária entre 21 e 58 anos, sendo (n=36: condutores socorristas, n=38: técnicos de enfermagem, n=15: enfermeiros e n=6: médicos). Para a avaliação da dor musculoesquelética foi utilizado o Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms e, para quantificar a intensidade das dores, a escala analógica visual. RESULTADOS: As dores musculoesqueléticas foram relatadas por 71,6% (n=68) dos socorristas, desses, apenas 18% (n=17) mencionaram que já apresentavam tais dores antes das suas atividades laborais no SAMU. Os técnicos de enfermagem foram os profissionais mais acometidos pelas dores musculoesqueléticas (89,5%), seguidos dos enfermeiros (73,3%), dos condutores socorristas (55,6%) e médicos (50%). A coluna lombar (53,5%), os joelhos (32,6%) e a coluna cervical (30,5%) foram regiões corporais mais acometidas pelas dores e o sexo feminino foi um fator associado à presença das dores musculoesqueléticas (p=0,024). CONCLUSÃO: Foi observada elevada prevalência de dor musculoesquelética nos profissionais do SAMU avaliados, sobretudo nos profissionais de enfermagem, Além disso, o sexo feminino foi um fator associado à presença de dor musculoesquelética nesse grupo de profissionais.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The professionals who work in pre-hospital care are exposed to unhealthy environments, which can represent risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal disorders. Thus, the objective of this study was to observe the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in professionals of the Mobile Emergency Care Service (SAMU) and identify its associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, carried out at three SAMU bases in Pernambuco. Ninety five professionals were evaluated, of both sexes and age range between 21-58 years old, being (n=36: ambulance drivers, n=38: nursing technicians, n=15: nurses and n=6: physicians). For the musculoskeletal pain evaluation, the Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms was used. To quantify the intensity of pain, the visual analogue scale was used. RESULTS: Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 71.6% (n=68) of the rescuers; of these, only 18% (n=17) mentioned that they already had these pains before their SAMU labor activity. Nursing technicians were the professionals most affected by the musculoskeletal pain (89.5%), followed by nurses (73.3%), ambulance drivers (55.6%) and the physicians (50%). The lumbar spine (53.5%), knees (32.6%) and cervical spine (30.5%) were the body regions most affected by pain and the female sex was associated with musculoskeletal pain presence (p=0.024). CONCLUSION: High musculoskeletal pain prevalence was observed among professionals of SAMU, especially in the nursing professionals. In addition, the female sex was shown to be a factor associated with musculoskeletal pain presence in this group of professionals.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Os profissionais do atendimento pré-hospitalar estão expostos a ambientes insalubres, que podem representar fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi observar a prevalência de dor musculoesquelética em profissionais do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) e seus fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, realizado em três bases do SAMU de Pernambuco. Foram avaliados 95 profissionais, de ambos os sexos, com faixa etária entre 21 e 58 anos, sendo (n=36: condutores socorristas, n=38: técnicos de enfermagem, n=15: enfermeiros e n=6: médicos). Para a avaliação da dor musculoesquelética foi utilizado o Nordic Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Symptoms e, para quantificar a intensidade das dores, a escala analógica visual. RESULTADOS: As dores musculoesqueléticas foram relatadas por 71,6% (n=68) dos socorristas, desses, apenas 18% (n=17) mencionaram que já apresentavam tais dores antes das suas atividades laborais no SAMU. Os técnicos de enfermagem foram os profissionais mais acometidos pelas dores musculoesqueléticas (89,5%), seguidos dos enfermeiros (73,3%), dos condutores socorristas (55,6%) e médicos (50%). A coluna lombar (53,5%), os joelhos (32,6%) e a coluna cervical (30,5%) foram regiões corporais mais acometidas pelas dores e o sexo feminino foi um fator associado à presença das dores musculoesqueléticas (p=0,024). CONCLUSÃO: Foi observada elevada prevalência de dor musculoesquelética nos profissionais do SAMU avaliados, sobretudo nos profissionais de enfermagem, Além disso, o sexo feminino foi um fator associado à presença de dor musculoesquelética nesse grupo de profissionais.

Abstract Ischemic strokes secondary to occlusion of large vessels have been described in patients with COVID-19. Also, venous thrombosis and pulmonary thromboembolism have been related to the disease. Vascular occlusion may be associated with a prothrombotic state due to COVID-19-related coagulopathy and endotheliopathy. Intracranial hemorrhagic lesions can additionally be seen in these patients. The causative mechanism of hemorrhage could be associated with anticoagulant therapy or factors such as coagulopathy and endotheliopathy. We report on cases of ischemic, thrombotic, and hemorrhagic complications in six patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Chest computed tomography (CT) showed typical SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia findings in all the cases, which were all confirmed by either serology or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests.

ABSTRACT Objective: We aimed to investigate the role of DIO2 polymorphisms rs225014 and rs12885300 in Graves’ disease patients, mainly for controlling body weight following treatment. Subjects and methods: We genotyped 280 GD patients by the time of diagnosis and 297 healthy control individuals using a TaqMan SNP Genotyping technique. We followed up 141 patients for 18.94 ± 6.59 months after treatment. Results: There was no relationship between the investigated polymorphisms with susceptibility to GD and gain or loss of weight after GD treatment. However, the polymorphic inheritance (CC+CT genotype) of DIO2 rs225014 was associated with a lower body weight variation after GD treatment (4.26 ± 6.25 kg) when compared to wild type TT genotype (6.34 ± 7.26 kg; p = 0.0456 adjusted for the follow-up time). This data was confirmed by a multivariate analysis (p = 0.0138) along with a longer follow-up period (p = 0.0228), older age (p = 0.0306), treatment with radioiodine (p-value = 0.0080) and polymorphic inheritance of DIO2 rs12885300 (p = 0.0306). Conclusion: We suggest that DIO2 rs225014 genotyping may have an auxiliary role in predicting the post-treatment weight behavior of GD patients.