ABSTRACT The Caatinga domain is the largest and most diverse tropical semiarid ecoregion of South America; however, little is known about the diversity of desmids it harbors, especially the genus Cosmarium (Desmidiaceae, Zygnematophyceae). Our study contributes to the knowledge of Cosmarium in the Caatinga through the report of 42 interesting taxa, including a new species (Cosmarium imperiale), 22 new records for South America, and 19 additions to the desmid flora from Brazil. The samples were gathered from periphytic material from the “Pantanal dos Marimbus” in the Chapada Diamantina region of Northeast Brazil. We provide taxonomic notes, ecological information, including habitat conditions with limnological data, and updated global distributions for all taxa of Cosmarium. A complementary quantitative study was performed during the last year of sampling (2018), which revealed that most taxa have their highest densities in the months with low precipitation and when the water's conductivity and transparency are greater. Our results also have implications for the conservation of the biota from Marimbus do Baiano and understand South America's desmids' biogeography since some rare taxa identified here were previously only known from other continents such as Europe and Africa.

RESUMO O sistema de saúde requer inovações em processos e produtos para melhoria da gestão, da atenção e do estado de saúde da população. Nesse sentido, implementou-se a Rede Programa de Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica em Saúde Pública (PDTSP-Teias/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz), voltada para criação de produtos inovadores para o território de Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro. A avaliação da rede objetivou mapear os produtos dos projetos como Inovação em Saúde Pública. Considerou-se que os conceitos 'Inovação' e 'Produtos de saúde pública' estavam insuficientemente definidos nos documentos e entendimento de gestores e pesquisadores. Esse fato se mostrou relevante para a não entrega dos produtos acordados, sendo as publicações científicas entendidas como principal produto de pesquisa.

ABSTRACT Health system requires proposals for innovations in processes and products to improve management, care and population's health status. In this sense the Development and Technological Innovation Program in Public Health Network (PDTSP-Teias/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Fiocruz) was implemented as to create innovative products for Manguinhos's territory, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The evaluation of the Network aimed at mapping the products of the projects such as Innovation in Public Health. The concepts of 'Innovation' and 'Public health products' were considered poorly defined both in the documents and in the understanding of managers and researchers. This fact revealed to be relevant to the non-delivery of the agreed products. Scientific publications were considered sufficient as research product.

RESUMO O sistema de saúde requer inovações em processos e produtos para melhoria da gestão, da atenção e do estado de saúde da população. Nesse sentido, implementou-se a Rede Programa de Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica em Saúde Pública (PDTSP-Teias/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz), voltada para criação de produtos inovadores para o território de Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro. A avaliação da rede objetivou mapear os produtos dos projetos como Inovação em Saúde Pública. Considerou-se que os conceitos 'Inovação' e 'Produtos de saúde pública' estavam insuficientemente definidos nos documentos e entendimento de gestores e pesquisadores. Esse fato se mostrou relevante para a não entrega dos produtos acordados, sendo as publicações científicas entendidas como principal produto de pesquisa.

ABSTRACT Health system requires proposals for innovations in processes and products to improve management, care and population's health status. In this sense the Development and Technological Innovation Program in Public Health Network (PDTSP-Teias/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Fiocruz) was implemented as to create innovative products for Manguinhos's territory, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The evaluation of the Network aimed at mapping the products of the projects such as Innovation in Public Health. The concepts of 'Innovation' and 'Public health products' were considered poorly defined both in the documents and in the understanding of managers and researchers. This fact revealed to be relevant to the non-delivery of the agreed products. Scientific publications were considered sufficient as research product.

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) has global economic and environmental importance, but has often not been considered in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] breeding programs. Knowing the genetic diversity and structure of a population within a germoplasm represent a key step for breeding programs. This study aimed at determining the structure of the population and diversity of soybean with regard to BNF and protein content in grain. In total, 191 accessions were evaluated, including 171 commercial soybean cultivars, developed and released by public institutions and private companies in Brazil, and 20 ancestral lines. The genotypes were chosen to represent four genetic groups: 128 Brazilian public genotypes, 20 exotic, and 43 genotypes from private companies. Soybeans were genotyped with 22 SSR markers, previously described as associated with BNF and protein content. Genetic diversity was evaluated using the DARwin 5.0 software. Population structure was inferred by principal component analysis and by the STRUCTURE software. The accessions were distributed in two groups: one clustering approximately 50 % of the accessions, from Brazilian public and private companies; the other one clustering 45 % of the accessions, including Brazilian, exotic and private germoplasms. Some accessions (5 %) were not grouped in any cluster. Principal component analysis explained 29 % of the total variance and there was a tendency to cluster the accessions into two groups. Similar results were obtained with the STRUCTURE, clearly showing two subpopulations. There is variability for BNF and protein content amongst both modern germoplasms cultivated in Brazil and ancestral lines. This variability could be better explored in soybean breeding programs to improve these traits.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar QTL (locos de caráter quantitativo), utilizando marcadores do tipo microssatélites (SSR), relacionados à fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN), em uma população F2:7 de cultivares de soja (Glycine max) com diferentes capacidades de FBN, Bossier (alta) e Embrapa 20 (média). Foram mapeados 16 marcadores, distribuídos em seis grupos de ligação, cobrindo uma região de 5% do genoma (151,6 cM). A análise de regressão identificou 12 associações significativas em quatro grupos de ligação (B1, C2, D1b e H): três para a massa da parte aérea seca, quatro para número de nódulos, duas para a massa de nódulos e três para a massa média de nódulos. Todos os QTL detectados foram de efeitos menores. Contudo, sete marcadores foram confirmados nas duas populações, indicativo de uso potencial em programas de melhoramento visando à FBN.

The objective of this work was to identify QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) related to biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) using microsatellites (SSR) markers, in an F2:7 population of soybean (Glycine max) cultivars with contrasting capacities of BNF, Bossier (high) and Embrapa 20 (medium). 16 markers located in six linkage groups have been mapped, covering about 5% of the genome (151.6 cM). The regression analysis identified 12 significant associations in four linkage groups (B1, C2, D1b and H): three for shoot dry weight, four for nodule number, four for nodule weight and three for the medium value of nodule weight. All QTL had minor effects. However, seven QTL were confirmed in both populations, indicating that they might be effective in increasing BNF in soybean breeding programs.