O presente trabalho analisou o perfil racial dos discentes do ensino médio integrado no Instituto Federal de Brasília (IFB) no quinquênio 2018-2022, partindo do pressuposto de que o acesso à educação tem que ser baseado na democracia, abrangendo todas as parcelas da população, inclusive as mais vulneráveis sob o ponto de vista social, cultural e econômico. Intentou-se verificar de que forma esse perfil é traçado de acordo com os meios de processo seletivo adotados na instituição. A análise dos dados dos ingressantes e dos concluintes em conjunto com a forma de ingresso é a base de análise deste trabalho para o entendimento do porquê determinada camada da população está abrangida e tem maior êxito quanto a finalização dos estudos na instituição em detrimento de outras instituições que compõem a mesma rede de ensino.

The present work aims to analyze the profile of students that entering in the Federal Institute of Brasília (IFB) in the 2018-2022 five-years period, based on the assumption that access to education has to be based on democracy, covering all parts of the population, including the most vulnerable from a social, cultural and economic point of view. The objective was made to verify how this profile is traced according to the means of selection process adopted in the institution. The analysis of data on freshmen, graduates and the form of admission is the basis of analysis of this work to understand why a certain section of the population is covered and is more successful in terms of completing their studies at the institution than of other institutions that make up the same.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el perfil de los estudiantes que ingresaron al Instituto Federal de Brasília (IFB) en el período de cinco años de 2018 a 2022, partiendo de la premisa de que el acceso a la educación debe basarse en la democracia, abarcando a toda la población, incluyendo a los más vulnerables desde el punto de vista social, cultural y económico. El objetivo fue verificar cómo se traza este perfil según los medios de selección adoptados en la institución. El análisis de datos sobre los estudiantes de primer año, graduados y la forma de admisión es la base de análisis de este trabajo para comprender por qué cierto sector de la población está cubierto y tiene más éxito en términos de completar sus estudios en la institución que en otras instituciones que forman parte del mismo.

Abstract Objective Describe the epidemiological profile and social-economic burden that hydrocephalus patients represent to the national public health system, using data available at the online database of the Brazilian Health Ministry (DataSUS). Methods This is a populational study based on descriptive statistics of all clinical and surgical appointments included in the DataSUS database. Data included herein were collected between 2015 and 2021 and subdivided into three main groups, related to hydrocephalus incidence and mortality, hospitalizations, and financial costs. Results In the study period, 3993 new cases of congenital hydrocephalus were diagnosed, with 6051 deaths overall. The mortality rate in the country was 1.5/100000 live births and the prevalence was 0.374/100000 inhabitants. The number of hospitalizations resulting from treatment procedures and complications of hydrocephalus was 137,880 and there was a reduction of up to 27.2% during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemics concerning previous years. Total costs for hydrocephalus management in the country amounted to 140,610,585.51 dollars. Conclusions Hydrocephalus has a significant impact on public health budgets and pediatric mortality rates; however, it is probably underestimated, due to the paucity of demographic data and epidemiological studies in Latin America and, specifically, in Brazil. The dataSUS also has several limitations in accessing certain data related to hydrocephalus, making it difficult to have a more assertive understanding of the disease in Brazil. The results of this study provide important guidance for future research projects in clinical and experimental hydrocephalus and also the creation of public policies for better governance and care of hydrocephalus patients.

The present work describe the construction of an alternative experimental apparatus for the practical teaching of light polarization through the law of Malus, using low-cost materials and the smartphone with the PhyPhox application, to collect and analyze quantitative data in schools that do not have formal laboratory structures. This feature is intended to facilitate the process of proving and understanding Malus’s law, as it is possible to demonstrate the theory with real data and good accuracy. The material presented is easy to build and can be done by teachers and high school students. In addition, the proposed didactic tool also allows relating the concepts of electric fields and the wave character of light to the phenomenon of polarization of light. This proposal allows students to carry out quantitative experimental activities of analysis of laboratory data and develop a better understanding of the technologies used in objects and every day electronic devices, even when they do not have a physics laboratory.

O presente trabalho descreve a confecção de um aparato experimental alternativo para o ensino prático da polarização da luz através da lei de Malus, utilizando materiais de baixo custo e um smartphone com o aplicativo PhyPhox, para coletar e analisar os dados quantitativamente em escolas que não dispõem de estruturas laboratoriais formais. Esse recurso tem por finalidade facilitar o processo de comprovação e compreensão da lei de Malus, pois foi possível demonstrar a teoria com dados reais e boa precisão. O material apresentado é de fácil construção e pode ser feito por professores e alunos do ensino médio. Além disto, a ferramenta didática proposta também permite relacionar os conceitos de campos elétricos e o caráter ondulatório da luz ao fenômeno de polarização da luz. Tal proposta permite que os alunos realizem atividades experimentais quantitativas de analises de dados laboratoriais e desenvolvam uma melhor compreensão das tecnologias empregadas em objetos e dispositivos eletrônicos do seu dia a dia, mesmo quando não dispõem de um laboratório de física.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) constitute the most prevalent congenital pathology, and they are a consequence of structural and functional abnormalities during fetal development. The etiology of CHD involves the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Fetal cardiac surgery aims at preventing natural pathways of CHD in utero, mitigating progression to more complex abnormalities. The goal of this review was to demonstrate the benefits and risks of fetal interventions in the two most prevalent CHDs, pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum, but also critical aortic stenosis and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Methods: Original and relevant articles were selected by meta-aggregation to perform a qualitative analysis of fetal cardiac interventions for pulmonary stenosis and critical aortic stenosis. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (or JBI-QARI) was used for data quality appraisal. Results: Of 61 potential articles, 13 were selected, and nine were finally included. Discussion: The present review demonstrated that fetal cardiac surgery increases right ventricular growth and hemodynamic flow in pulmonary stenosis, whereas in critical aortic stenosis it enables growth of the left ventricle and increases left ventricular pressure. However, it has a high complication rate, along with considerable morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: The benefits of fetal cardiac surgery for pulmonary stenosis and critical aortic stenosis are well-described in the literature; however, there is a significant risk of complications which can be reduced by the surgeon’s technical expertise and well-structured hospital facilities.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) constitute the most prevalent congenital pathology, and they are a consequence of structural and functional abnormalities during fetal development. The etiology of CHD involves the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Fetal cardiac surgery aims at preventing natural pathways of CHD in utero, mitigating progression to more complex abnormalities. The goal of this review was to demonstrate the benefits and risks of fetal interventions in the two most prevalent CHDs, pulmonary stenosis and pulmonary atresia with an intact ventricular septum, but also critical aortic stenosis and hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Methods: Original and relevant articles were selected by meta-aggregation to perform a qualitative analysis of fetal cardiac interventions for pulmonary stenosis and critical aortic stenosis. The Joanna Briggs Institute’s Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument (or JBI-QARI) was used for data quality appraisal. Results: Of 61 potential articles, 13 were selected, and nine were finally included. Discussion: The present review demonstrated that fetal cardiac surgery increases right ventricular growth and hemodynamic flow in pulmonary stenosis, whereas in critical aortic stenosis it enables growth of the left ventricle and increases left ventricular pressure. However, it has a high complication rate, along with considerable morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: The benefits of fetal cardiac surgery for pulmonary stenosis and critical aortic stenosis are well-described in the literature; however, there is a significant risk of complications which can be reduced by the surgeon’s technical expertise and well-structured hospital facilities.

Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the application of ultrasound in the extraction of betanin from beets (Beta vulgaris) using Deep eutectic solvents (DES). The extraction process was optimized using response surface methodology. The time variable was found to be correlated with the extraction performance. Three DES (choline chloride: urea (CC:U), choline chloride: glycerol (CC:G), and choline chloride: citric acid (CC:Ac)) were studied. The concentration of betanin extracted with CC:U, CC:G, and CC:Ac was 41.27-67.51, 82.46-104.45, and 50.06-111.93 mg/100 g. The maximum betanin extraction of 111.193 mg/100 g was achieved with CC:Ac in 38 min using 44% DES in water in an ultrasonic bath. These results demonstrate that DESs are excellent solvents for the extraction of betanin with superior efficiency to conventional extraction solvents. Ultrasound significantly improved the efficiency of betanin extraction from beets. However, a higher betanin content in the extracts did not translate into greater active antioxidant capacity, which may be related to the synergistic effects of other compounds present in the beet extracts. This study is the first attempt to optimize the parameters for ultrasound extraction of betanin from B. vulgaris using eutectic solvents.

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar trocas gasosas e requerimento em área foliar para rendimento de bananeiras Cavendish e Gros Michel. As cultivares, Grande Naine, Calipso, Bucaneiro, FHIA-17 e FHIA-23, e dois ciclos de produção foram dispostos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, com cinco repetições. Para características fisiológicas, considerou-se arranjo fatorial 5 x 9 x 2, com cinco cultivares, nove períodos de avaliação e dois horários de leituras. As cultivares Bucaneiro e Calipso requerem maior área foliar por unidade produzida, e a FHIA-23, menor, o que sugere maior eficiência fotossintética por unidade de folha para esta, comprovada pelas maiores massas de cachos e de pencas, e maiores quantidades de pencas e frutos. As trocas gasosas variam com as cultivares, épocas de avaliação e horários de leitura. As cultivares FHIA-17 e Calipso, tipo Gros Michel, expressaram, respectivamente, maiores taxa de fotossíntese e de transpiração, que a Grande Naine, tipo Cavendish. A fotossíntese líquida, condutância estomática, e as eficiências quântica da fotossíntese, instantânea de uso da água e de carboxilação são maiores às 8 horas comparada às 14 horas. O mês de junho possibilitou às cultivares expressarem os maiores valores de taxas de fotossíntese, radiação incidente nas folhas, eficiência de carboxilação e condutância estomática.

Abstract The objective was to evaluate gas exchange and the leaf area requirement for yield in Cavendish and Gros Michel bananas. The cultivars Grande Naine, Calipso, Bucaneiro, FHIA-17 and FHIA-23, and two production cycles, were arranged in a completely randomized experimental design, in a factorial scheme, with five replicates. For the physiological characteristics, a 5x9x2 factorial arrangement was considered, with cultivars, evaluation periods and reading times. Cultivars Bucaneiro and Calipso require larger leaf area per unit produced and FHIA-23, smaller, which suggests a greater photosynthetic efficiency per leaf unit for FHIA-23, confirmed by the higher masses of bunches and hands and greater numbers of hands and fruits. Gas exchange varies with cultivars, evaluation periods and reading times. Cultivars FHIA-17 and Calipso, Gros Michel type, respectively showed higher photosynthesis and transpiration rates than Grande Naine, Cavendish type. Net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, quantum efficiency of photosynthesis, instantaneous water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency are higher at 8:00 h than at 14:00 h. The month of June allowed the cultivars to express the highest values of photosynthesis rates, incident radiation on leaves, carboxylation efficiency and stomatal conductance.

Abstract Many works have sought to define the research agenda of Brazilian sociology, its temporal evolution, and other internal and external dynamics. However, the methods employed in the thematic classification of the discipline are still rudimentary. To adress this issue, this article applied text processing techniques, particularly Topic Modelling, to analyze over 3 thousand doctoral theses published at the beginning of the millennium. The results indicate that our “new” sociology is characterized by a relative decline in the importance of traditional themes, such as studies on labor, in favor of more diverse topics, such as violence and gender. These transformations seem to reflect guidelines from funding agencies and changes in public debate, posing new challenges on the horizon of the discipline.

Resumen Muchos trabajos buscaron definir la agenda de investigación de la sociología brasileña, su evolución temporal y otras dinámicas internas y externas. Sin embargo, los métodos utilizados en la clasificación temática de la disciplina son aún rudimentarios. Para evitarlo, este artículo sometió más de 3 mil tesis doctorales, publicadas en el inicio del milenio, a técnicas de procesamiento de textos, especialmente Modelado de Tópicos. Los resultados indican que nuestra “nueva” sociología está marcada por la pérdida de importancia relativa de temas tradicionales, como los estudios sobre el trabajo, a favor de tópicos más plurales, como la violencia y el género. Según parece, estas transformaciones reflejan directrices de las agencias financiadoras y cambios en el debate público, lo que coloca nuevos desafíos en el horizonte de la disciplina.

Résumé De nombreux travaux ont cherché à définir l’agenda de recherche de la sociologie brésilienne, son évolution temporelle, ainsi que d’autres dynamiques aussi bien internes qu’externes. Cependant, les méthodes employées pour classifier ses thématiques sont encore rudimentaires. Pour y remédier, plus de 3 mille thèses de doctorat, publiées au début du millénaire, ont été soumises à des techniques de traitement de texte, en particulier celle de la Modélisation Thématique. Les résultats publiés dans cet article indiquent que notre “nouvelle” sociologie est marquée par la perte de l’importance relative accordée à des thèmes traditionnels comme, par exemple, les études sur le travail, au profit de thèmes plus divers comme la violence et le genre. Il semblerait que ces transformations reflètent les directives des agences de financement ainsi que les changements dans le débat public, posant de nouveaux défis à l’horizon de la discipline.

Resumo Muitos trabalhos buscaram definir a agenda de pesquisa da sociologia brasileira, sua evolução temporal e demais dinâmicas internas e externas. Porém os métodos empregados na classificação temática da disciplina ainda são rudimentares. Para contornar isso, este artigo submeteu mais de 3 mil teses de doutorado, publicadas no início do milênio, a técnicas de processamento de texto, especialmente à Modelagem de Tópicos. Os resultados indicam que nossa “nova” sociologia é marcada pela perda de importância relativa de temas tradicionais, como os estudos sobre o trabalho, em prol de tópicos mais plurais, como violência e gênero. Ao que parece, essas transformações refletem diretrizes das agências de fomento e mudanças no debate público, o que coloca novos desafios no horizonte da disciplina.

Abstract Background Anabolic androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse has been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Pericoronary fat attenuation (pFA) is a marker of coronary inflammation, which is key in the atherosclerotic process. Objective To evaluate pFA and inflammatory profile in AAS users. Methods Twenty strength-trained AAS users (AASU), 20 AAS nonusers (AASNU), and 10 sedentary controls (SC) were evaluated. Coronary inflammation was evaluated by mean pericoronary fat attenuation (mPFA) in the right coronary artery (RCA), left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), and left circumflex (LCx). Interleukin (IL)-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha were evaluated by optical density (OD) in a spectrophotometer with a 450 nm filter. P<0.05 indicated statistical significance. Results AASU had higher mPFA in the RCA (-65.87 [70.51-60.70] vs. -78.07 [83.66-72.87] vs.-78.46 [85.41-71.99] Hounsfield Units (HU), respectively, p<0.001) and mPFA in the LAD (-71.47 [76.40-66.61] vs. -79.32 [84.37-74.59] vs. -82.52 [88.44-75.81] HU, respectively, p=0.006) compared with AASNU and SC. mPFA in the LCx was not different between AASU, AASNU, and SC (-72.41 [77.17-70.37] vs. -80.13 [86.22-72.23] vs. -78.29 [80.63-72.29] HU, respectively, p=0.163). AASU compared with AASNU and SC, had higher IL-1, (0.975 [0.847-1.250] vs. 0.437 [0.311-0.565] vs. 0.530 [0.402-0.780] OD, respectively, p=0.002), IL-6 (1.195 [0.947-1.405] vs. 0.427 [0.377-0.577] vs. 0.605 [0.332-0.950] OD, p=0.005) and IL-10 (1.145 [0.920-1.292] vs. 0.477 [0.382-0.591] vs. 0.340 [0.316-0.560] OD, p<0.001). TNF-α was not different between the AASU, AASNU, and SC groups (0.520 [0.250-0.610] vs. 0.377 [0.261-0.548] vs. 0.350 [0.182-430]), respectively. Conclusion Compared with ASSNU and controls, AASU have higher mPFA and higher systemic inflammatory cytokines profile suggesting that AAS may induce coronary atherosclerosis through coronary and systemic inflammation.

Resumo Fundamento O uso abusivo de esteroides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA) tem sido associado à doença arterial coronariana (DAC). A atenuação de gordura pericoronária (AGp) é um marcador de inflamação coronária, a qual exerce um papel chave no processo aterosclerótico. Objetivo Avaliar AGp e perfil inflamatório em usuários de EAA. Método Vinte indivíduos que realizavam treinamento de força, usuários de EAA (UEAA), 20 não usuários de EAA (NUEAA), e 10 indivíduos sedentários controle (SC) foram avaliados. Inflamação coronária foi avaliada por atenuação de gordura pericoronária média (AGPm) artéria coronária direita (ACD), artéria descendente anterior esquerda (ADA) e artéria circunflexa (ACX). Interleucina (IL)-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, e TNF-alfa foram avaliados por densidade ótica (DO) em um espectrofotômetro com um filtro de 450 nm. Um p<0,05 indicou significância estatística. Resultados Os UEAA apresentaram maior AGPm na ACD [-65,87 (70,51-60,70) vs. -78,07 (83,66-72,87) vs.-78,46 (85,41-71,99] unidades Hounsfield (HU), respectivamente, p<0,001) e AGPm na ADA [-71,47 (76,40-66,610 vs. -79,32 (84,37-74,59) vs. -82,52 (88,44-75,81) HU, respectivamente, p=0,006) em comparação aos NUEAA e CS. A AGPm na ACX não foi diferente entre os grupos UEAA, NUEAA e CS [-72,41 (77,17-70,37) vs. -80,13 (86,22-72,23) vs. -78,29 (80,63-72,29) HU, respectivamente, p=0,163). Em comparação aos NUEAA e aos CS, o grupo UEAA apresentaram maiores níveis de IL-1 [0,975 (0,847-1,250) vs. 0,437 (0,311-0,565) vs. 0,530 (0,402-0,780) DO, respectivamente, p=0,002), IL-6 [1,195 (0,947-1,405) vs. 0,427 (0,377-0,577) vs. 0,605 (0,332-0,950) DO, p=0,005) e IL-10 [1,145 (0,920-1,292) vs. 0,477 (0,382-0,591) vs. 0,340 (0,316-0,560) DO, p<0,001]. TNF-α não foi diferente entre os grupos UEAA, NUEAA e CS [0,520 (0,250-0,610) vs. 0,377 (0.261-0,548) vs. 0,350 (0,182-430)]. Conclusão Em comparação aos NUEAA e controles, os UEAA apresentam maior AGPm e maior perfil de citocinas inflamatórias sistêmicas, sugerindo que os EAA podem induzir aterosclerose por inflamação coronária e sistêmica.

RESUMO A cobertura do solo contribui para a manutenção do teor de água do solo em níveis razoáveis para o crescimento da cultura. E influi na demanda hídrica da cultura e tempo de irrigação. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a evapotranspiração e a absorção de água radicular pela cultivar de bananeira ‘BRS Princesa’ através de uma abordagem simples utilizando alguns componentes do balanço hídrico do solo na zona radicular em solo nu e mulched irrigado por gotejamento e microaspersão. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em parcelas subdivididas com seis repetições. As parcelas consistiram de dois sistemas de irrigação (gotejamento e microaspersão), as subparcelas consistiram de duas condições de superfície do solo: com e sem cobertura morta. A aproximação alternativa para a percolação da água no solo pelo balanço hídrico permitiu obter ETc em condições de campo com razoável precisão. A ETc estimada a partir do balanço hídrico da zona radicular é menor que a ETc da equação FAO Penman-Monteith. A extração da água do solo pelo sistema radicular sob irrigação por gotejamento e com cobertura de biomassa da bananeira é maior do que a absorção sob irrigação por microaspersão.

ABSTRACT DMulching contributes to the maintenance of soil moisture at reasonable levels for crop growth. It influences the crop water demand and irrigation time. The aim of this study was to estimate evapotranspiration and root water uptake by the ‘BRS Princesa’ banana cultivar through a simple approach using some components of soil water balance within the root zone in bare and mulched soil irrigated by drip and micro sprinkler systems. The experimental design was completely randomized in split plots with six replicates. The plots consisted of two irrigation systems (drip and micro sprinkler), the subplots consisted of two soil surface conditions: with and without mulch. The alternative approach for soil water percolation in the soil water balance allowed obtaining ETc under field condition with reasonable accuracy. ETc estimated from the root zone water balance is lower than ETc from FAO Penman-Monteith equation. Root water extraction in the mulched soil under drip irrigation is higher than that under micro sprinkler irrigation.

RESUMO Em regiões semiáridas com maior variabilidade climática, mais eventos de seca e retardo das estações chuvosas, a suplementação hídrica favorece a segurança produtiva do cultivo da palma forrageira. Objetivou-se avaliar a distribuição radicular, o teor e a exportação de nutrientes em palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ submetida a diferentes condições de aplicação de água. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por sete condições: sem irrigação; cinco litros de água por metro linear a cada 15 dias, com água de condutividade elétrica (CEa) de 0,75 dS m−1; 7% da evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) com turno de rega (TR) de 15 dias; 15% da ETo com TR de sete dias; 33% da ETo com TR de três dias; 50% da ETo com TR de dois dias e 100% da ETo irrigado diariamente, sendo as cinco últimas condições com água de CEa de 3,6 dS m−1, dispostos em delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. O maior desenvolvimento de raízes é obtido na condição de 50% da ETo com TR de dois dias. Aplicação de água com salinidade muito alta, CE 3,6 dS m−1, a 15% da ETo com TR de sete dias proporciona maiores teores dos nutrientes P, Ca, Mg e S nos cladódios de palma. Aplicação de água com salinidade muito alta, CE 3,6 dS m−1, a 33% da ETo com turno de rega de três dias proporciona maiores valores de extração/exportação de P, Ca, Mg, S e Zn nos cladódios de palma forrageira ‘Gigante’.

ABSTRACT In semiarid regions with greater climatic variability, including prolonged droughts and delayed rainy seasons, supplemental irrigation is critical to ensuring yields of forage cactus pear. The objective was to evaluate root distribution and nutrient concentration and accumulation in ‘Gigante’ forage cactus pear subjected to different irrigation regimes. Seven irrigation regimes were tested: no irrigation (rainfed); five liters of medium-salinity water, with an electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.75 dS m−1, applied per linear meter every 15 days; 7% reference evapotranspiration (ETo) with a 15-d irrigation interval (II); 15% ETo with a 7-d II; 33% ETo with a 3-d II; 50% ETo with a 2-d II; and 100% ETo, irrigated daily - high-salinity water, EC of 3.6 dS m−1, was used in the last five treatments. The treatments were laid out in a randomized block design with four replicates. Roots developed best in plants irrigated at 50% ETo with a 7-d II. Applying high-salinity water at 15% ETo with a 7-d irrigation interval promotes higher concentrations of P, Ca, Mg and S in cladodes of cactus pear. Applying high-salinity water at 33% ETo with a 3-d II promotes higher uptake/accumulation of P, Ca, Mg, S and Zn in cladodes of ‘Gigante’ forage cactus pear.

RESUMO Variações climáticas tendem a aumentar a ocorrência de condições extremas de seca em ambientes semiáridos e isso pode comprometer o rendimento mesmo de culturas tolerantes como palma forrageira. A irrigação da palma com água salina têm possibilitado bons resultados, e sua combinação com modificações nas densidades de plantio pode refletir em mudanças na resposta produtiva da cultura. Um experimento de campo em dois ciclos de cultivo foi realizado para avaliar as concentrações de nutrientes em palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) irrigada sob diferentes laminas de água salina e densidades de plantio. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, sendo alocados nas parcelas dois turnos de rega (7 e 14 dias), nas subparcelas quatro densidades de plantio (20.000; 40.000; 60.000 e 80.000 plantas ha-1) e nas subsubparcelas quatro lâminas de irrigação com água salina de condutividade elétrica de 2,91 dS m-1 (0, 11, 22 e 33% da evapotranspiração de referência - ETo). As lâminas de irrigação foram aplicadas somente no período do ano sem chuva. Densidades de plantio intermediárias (43.002 e 54.687 plantas ha-1) promovem menores concentrações de P, Ca e Fe nos tecidos dos cladódios de palma forrageira ‘Gigante’. Irrigação de palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ com água salina até a lâmina 33% da ETo, possibilita aumento das concentrações de N, P, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Mn e Zn nos tecidos dos cladódios. Lâminas de irrigação entre 16 e 25% da ETo com água salina, promove máximas concentrações de K, S e Na.

ABSTRACT Climate variability tends to increase the occurrence of extreme drought conditions in semi-arid regions, thereby compromising crop yield, including that of drought-tolerant plants such as forage cactus pear. Irrigation of cactus with saline water has enabled good results, and its combination with changes in planting densities may promote changes in the production response of this crop. A field experiment spanning two crop cycles was carried out to evaluate nutrient concentrations in ‘Gigante’ forage cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) under different saline water irrigation depths and planting densities. A randomized block design was used with treatments arranged in split-split plots. Two irrigation intervals (7 and 14 days) were assigned to plots, four planting densities (20,000; 40,000; 60,000 and 80,000 plants ha-1) to subplots, and four irrigation depths of saline water of electrical conductivity 2.91 dS m-1 (0, 11, 22 and 33% of reference evapotranspiration) to sub-subplots. The irrigation depths were applied only in the period of the year without rain. Intermediate planting densities (43,002 and 54,687 plants ha-1) promote lower P, Ca and Fe concentrations in cladode tissues of forage cactus pear. Irrigating ‘Gigante’ cactus forage with saline water up to 33% ETo increases the concentrations of N, P, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Mn and Zn in cladode tissues. Irrigation levels between 16 and 25% of ETo with saline water resulted in the highest concentrations of K, S and Na.

Considering the promising antitumor effects of compounds with dual anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities, thus benzophenones analogs (2-7) were evaluated on in vivo anti-inflammatory assay and molecular docking analysis. Those with the best molecular docking results were in vitro evaluated on cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and tested regarding antiproliferative activity. All derivatives displayed in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Among them, the substances 2’-hydroxy-4’-benzoylphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 4-hydroxy-4’-methoxybenzophenone (5) and 4’-(4’’-methoxybenzoyl)phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) showed the best values of Glide Score in COX-2 docking evaluation and 4 and 5 selectively inhibited COX-2 and COX-1 in vitro enzymatic assay, respectively. Thus, 4 and 5 were tested against breast cancer (MCF-7, MDA MB-231, Hs578T) and non-small-cell-lung cancer (A549) cell lines. The estrogen-positive MCF-7 cell line was more responsive compared to other tested cell lines. They induced cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition in MCF-7 cell line once there was an increase in G0/G1 population with concomitant reduction of S population. The antiproliferative activity of these substances on MCF-7 was associated with their ability to inhibit cyclin E expression, a critical regulator of G1/S transition. Taken together, the data indicate that 4 and 5 have dual anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities and support further studies to evaluate their antitumor potential.

The fungal Hemileia vastatrix is the causal agent of coffee leaf rust, one of the worst and devastating disease in coffee cultures worldwide. As a result of our research on natural products for the development of novel agrochemicals, we found that the hexane extract from leaves of the Brazilian medicinal plant Garcinia gardneriana, at 500 μg mL-1, inhibited in 98% the germination of H. vastatrix urediniospores. This extract showed no phytotoxicity when tested for seed germination and seedling growth inhibitory activity using sensible plant species. Also, the hexane extract from leaves was tested for anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, which constitutes a mechanism of action of major commercial insecticides used in agriculture, and showed low activity even at concentrations about two times higher than the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) found in the antifungal assays. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed that the hexane extract is constituted mainly by the pentacyclic triterpene lupeol, together with a series of sesquiterpenes as minor components. This is the first report on the investigation of antifungal, phytotoxic and acetylcholinesterase activities of extracts from leaves of G. gardneriana. These findings indicate that G. gardneriana may constitute a promising source of natural products for controlling the coffee leaf rust fungus.