ABSTRACT Attalea speciosa (babassu) is a native palm of the primary forest from Amazonian and Cerrado biomes, and has multiple economic and cultural uses. However, this palm can become dominant in open areas, with a long-term persistence in the community. The objective of this study was to compare the population structure and morphology of babassu in three habitat types characterizing forest succession: primary forest, pasture, and babaçual (babassu-dominated secondary forest). For this purpose, we monitored 6,333 individuals for three years at six life stages in 11 sites with 25 plots located in PA-Benfica, Itupiranga-Pará, Brazil. The morphological parameters showed differences between secondary environments (pasture and babaçual) and primary forests, suggesting that this species has a high capacity for phenotypic plasticity. The inverse J-shaped distribution was observed only in primary forests, with the density of all stages constant along the whole study, unlike pastures and babaçual areas. While the density of seedlings is highest in primary forests, stage 4 and 5 juveniles and adults are most numerous in babaçuals. Our results suggest that the higher dominance of A. speciosa in babaçual areas can be associated with the resilience of this species to anthropogenic disturbances.

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as atividades agrícolas dos agricultores familiares e suas repercussões sobre o meio ambiente no Assentamento Palmares II, localizado no município de Parauapebas, PA, e discutir as potencialidades para o desenvolvimento local. A sustentabilidade econômico-ecológica dos estabelecimentos familiares poderá ser alcançada através da capacitação das famílias assentadas em técnicas agrícolas de conservação dos recursos naturais e capacitação para a agroindustrialização de produtos a serem comercializados no mercado local.

This article aims to analyze the agricultural activities of family farmers and its impact on the environment in Palmares II Settlement, located in the municipality of Parauapebas, PA, and discuss the potential for local development. The economic and ecological sustainability of family farms can be achieved through the empowerment of families settled in farming techniques that conserve natural resources and training for the industrialization of the products being sold in local market.

El objetivo de este artículo es de analizar las actividades agrícolas de los habitantes de Palmares II, en el município de Parauapebas, Estado del Pará, y sus impactos sobre el medio ambiente para discutir de sus possibles contribuciones para el desarrollo local. La sustentabilidad económica y ecológica de la agricultura familiar puede lograrse mediante la difusión de técnicas de cultivo que conservan los recursos naturales y la capacitación de los agricultores para la industrialización de productos que se venden en el mercado local.

Cet article vise à analyser les activités agricoles des paysans et leur impact sur l'environnement dans la localité de Palmares II, située dans la municipalité de Parauapebas, état du Pará, et de discuter du potentiel pour le développement local. La durabilité économique et écologique des exploitations familiales peut être atteinte en favorisant l'autonomie des familles installées, en matière de techniques agricoles qui préservent les ressources naturelles et de formation pour l'industrialisation des produits agricoles vendus sur le marché local.

Na microrregião de Marabá, PA, as pastagens dos agricultores familiares apresentam alta diversidade de árvores e palmeiras que têm papel importante tanto para limitação da degradação da biodiversidade quanto para suas utilidades. O trabalho foi realizado em 26 propriedades, onde 62 pastagens foram visitadas junto com o agricultor. Em cada pastagem foram repertoriadas todas as árvores e palmeiras presentes. Setenta e uma espécies foram encontradas, pertencentes a 32 famílias, das quais nove se destacaram com maior número de espécies: Caesalpiniaceae (11), Mimosaceae (10), Arecaceae (4), Lecythidaceae (4), Bignoniaceae (3), Fabaceae (3), Moraceae (3), Sapotaceae (3) e Sterculiaceae (3); 20 famílias apresentaram uma única espécie. Vinte e quatro espécies (34% do total) pertenceram às três famílias Leguminosae (Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae e Mimosaceae). As espécies arborescentes são conservadas principalmente em razão dos usos diversos na propriedade. Das 21 espécies, indicadas para arborização de pastagens de agricultores desta e de outras comunidades, nove espécies são particularmente recomendadas pela resistência ao fogo e para muitos anos de pastagem, pelo fato de ter dois usos ou mais: Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers., Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K., Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng., Oenocarpus distichus Mart., Astrocaryum tucuma Mart., Swartzia flaemingii Raddi, Apeiba tibourbou Aubl., Cenostigma tocantinum Ducke e Spondias mombin L.

In the microregion of Marabá - Pará, the cattle pastures of the family farmers present a high diversity of trees and palm trees which have an important role in limiting biodiversity degradation and for its utilities. The study was carried out in 26 properties, where 62 cattle pastures were visited with the farmer. In each cattle pasture, it was listed all trees and palm trees present in the area. Seventy-one species were found, belonging to 32 families of which 9 were stood out with the greatest number of species: Caesalpiniaceae (11), Mimosaceae (10), Arecaceae (4), Lecythidaceae (4), Bignoniaceae (3), Fabaceae ( 3), Moraceae (3), Sapotaceae (3) and Sterculiaceae (3); twenty families present one single species. Twenty-four species (34% of total) belonged to 3 Leguminosae families (Fabaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Mimosaceae). The tree species are held mainly because of the various uses on the property. Out of the 21 species, suitable for afforestation of cattle pasture of farmers of this and other communities, 9 species are particularly recommended because of their fire resistance and for many years of grazing, and because they have two or more uses: Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers., Bertholletia excelsa H. B. K., Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng., Oenocarpus distichus Mart., Astrocaryum tucuma Mart., Swartzia flaemingii Raddi, Apeiba tibourbou Aubl., Cenostigma tocantinum Ducke, Spondias mombin L.