ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to evaluate possible effects of pods from bordão-de-velho (Samanea tubulosa benth) extract on the reproduction of female rats.The extract was prepared by maceration wtith ethanol of dried and crushed pods, then it was concentrated in rotary evaporator. The pregnant Wistar rats were treated with a dose of 75 mg.100 g-1of body weight of Samanea tubulosa extract, by gavage , whereas the control group received 1ml.100g-1of saline by the same route for 19 days. After the euthanasia of the animals at day 20th,the following variables were analyzed: fetal body weight, weight of fetuses and placentas, number of corpora lutea, resorption points, live and dead fetuses and number of embryonic implantations. The extract from S. tubulosa pods, at the dose studied, showed toxicity causing fetal abnormalities, fetal resorption and pronounced decrease in the weight of offspring at birth. On the other hand, , the treatment with extract of S.tubulosa pods had no influence over corpora lutea and implantation numbers.

RESUMOO objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar possíveis efeitos do extrato das vargens de bordão-de-velho (Samanea tubulosa benth) sobre a reprodução em ratas Wistar. O extrato foi preparado a partir da secagem e trituração das vagens, seguida por maceração com etanol e, posteriormente, concentrado em rotavapor. Ratas Wistar gestantes foram tratadas com 75 mg.100 g-1 de peso corporal de extrato de S. tubulosa e o grupo controle recebeu 1ml/100 g-1 de peso corporal de solução salina por gavagem durante 19 dias. Após eutanásia no 20º dia, as seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: peso corporal fetal, peso dos fetos e placentas, número de corpos lúteos e de reabsorções, implantação, fetos vivos e mortos. O extrato de vagens de S. tubulosa apresenta toxicidade para o feto causando malformações, reabsorções fetais e diminuição pronunciada do peso ao nascer. Contudo, o extrato de vagens de S. tubulosanão influencia no número de corpos lúteos e número de implantações.

Testicular and epididymal appendages are embryologic remnants of the mesonephric duct and paramesonephric, respectively. These appendices are subject to a torsion causing condition known as acute scrotal syndrome. This study aimed to determine the variations of testicular and epididymal appendices, registering its presence and size. We studied 30 cadavers of adult individuals, Brazilians, aged 18 and 70, fixed in formaldehyde 40%, provided by the Laboratory of Descriptive and Topographic Anatomy of the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, Brazil. By dissecting these, the presence of the respective appendixes were identified, which were measured with a manual caliper (Metrica), recording its length and width. The testicular appendices were observed in 41 testes (68.3%) and epididymal appendices in 15 cases (25%). The average length was 4.9 mm (SD=1.7) for the appendix testis and epididymis to 5.2 mm (SD=2.4). With respect to the width of the appendices, the average recorded were 3.2 mm (SD=1.7) and 2.6 mm (SD=0.9) for testicular and epididymal, respectively. The data obtained can be used as morphological support in urological clinical and testicular surgery.

Los apéndices testiculares y epididimarios son remanescentes embriológicos del conducto paramesonéfrico y del conducto mesonéfrico, respectivamente. Estos apéndices pueden sufrir torsión causando un cuadro conocido como escroto agudo. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar las variaciones de los apéndices testicular y epididimario, registrando su forma y tamaño. Se utilizaron 30 cadáveres de indivíduos adultos, Brasileños, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 70 años, fijados en formaldehído 40%, facilitados por el Laboratorio de Anatomía Descriptiva y Topográfica de la Universidad Federal de Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, Brasil. A través de disección se identificó la presencia de los respectivos apéndices, los que fueron medidos con un caliper manual (MetricaR), registrando su longitud y anchura. Los apéndices testiculares fueron observados en 41 testículos (68,3%) y los apéndices epididimarios en 15 casos (25%). El promedio de la longitud fue de 4,9 mm (DE=1,7) para el apéndice testicular y de 5,2 mm (DE=2,4) para el epididimario. Con respecto a la anchura de los apéndices, el promedio registrado fue de 3,2 mm (DE=1,7) para el testicular y de 2,6 mm (DE=0,9) para el epididimario. Los datos obtenidos puede ser utlizados como soporte morfológico a la clínica urológica y cirugía testicular.

A reduced (stereo-chemical) model is employed to study kinetic aspects of globular protein folding process, by Monte Carlo simulation. Nonextensive statistical approach is used: transition probability p i j between configurations i → j is given by p i j =[1 +(1 - q)ΔGi j/kB T ]1/(1-q), where q is the nonextensive (Tsallis) parameter. The system model consists of a chain of 27 beads immerse in its solvent; the beads represent the sequence of amino acids along the chain by means of a 10-letter stereo-chemical alphabet; a syntax (rule) to design the amino acid sequence for any given 3D structure is embedded in the model. The study focuses mainly kinetic aspects of the folding problem related with the protein folding time, represented in this work by the concept of first passage time (FPT). Many distinct proteins, whose native structures are represented here by compact self avoiding (CSA) configurations, were employed in our analysis, although our results are presented exclusively for one representative protein, for which a rich statistics was achieved. Our results reveal that there is a specific combinations of value for the nonextensive parameter q and temperature T, which gives the smallest estimated folding characteristic time (t). Additionally, for q = 1.1, (t) stays almost invariable in the range 0.9 < T < 1.3, slightly oscillating about its average value <img border=0 width=32 height=32 src="../../../../../../../img/revistas/bjp/v39n2a/a16txt01.gif" align=absmiddle > or = 27 ±σ, where σ = 2 is the standard deviation. This behavior is explained by comparing the distribution of the folding times for the Boltzmann statistics (q → 1), with respect to the nonextensive statistics for q = 1.1, which shows that the effect of the nonextensive parameter q is to cut off the larger folding times present in the original (q → 1) distribution. The distribution of natural logarithm of the folding times for Boltzmann statistics is a triple peaked Gaussian, while, for q = 1.1 (Tsallis), it is a double peaked Gaussian, suggesting that a log-normal process with two characteristic times replaced the original process with three characteristic times. Finally we comment on the physical meaning of the present results, as well its significance in the near future works.

Iron deficiency in coffee plants cultivated in ferric Latosols may be induced by conditions that affect the transport of this nutrient in soils, such as P concentration, high pH values and low soil moisture content. The iron diffusive flux (FeF) in soils was evaluated as a function of P rates and levels of acidity and moisture. Surface soil samples of a clayey dystroferric Red Latosol and a loamy-sand dystroferric Yellow Red Latosol were supplied with 20 mg dm-3 Fe as FeSO4, and then submitted to the following treatments: absence and presence of liming (60 % of base saturation), absence and presence of P fertilization (500 mg dm-3 as NH4H2PO4) and three moisture levels, corresponding to water potentials of -0.01, -0.04, and -0.1 MPa. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 factorial combination, in a complete randomized block design, with three replications. To determine FeF, diffusion chambers were assembled. Each chamber with treated soil received a strip of cation exchange resin that acts as a Fe sink. After 10 days of soil contact, the total Fe adsorbed by the resin strip was extracted and the FeF estimated. Results showed that the FeF was highly dependent on soil moisture and acidity (liming) in both soils and in the clayey ferric Red Latosol it was also greatly influenced by P addition. The FeF increased with soil moisture and acidity, but decreased with P addition in the clayey soil, possibly due to the formation of insoluble Fe-P compounds in this soil.

A deficiência de Fe em plantas de café cultivadas em Latossolos ricos em Fe pode ser causada por condições que afetam o transporte deste nutriente no solo, como teores de P, valores de pH elevados e déficit hídrico no solo. O fluxo difusivo do Fe (FFe) em solos foi avaliado como variável de doses de P e de níveis de acidez e umidade. Para isso, amostras superficiais de dois solos, um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico A moderado textura muito argilosa e um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distroférrico A moderado textura média, receberam 20 mg dm-3 de Fe na forma de FeSO4 e, posteriormente, foram submetidas aos tratamentos: sem ou com calagem (para V = 60 %), sem ou com P (500 mg dm-3, na forma de NH4H2PO4) e três níveis de umidade correspondentes aos potenciais: -0,01, -0,04 e -0,1 MPa, constituindo um fatorial 2 × 2 × 2 × 3, com três repetições distribuídas em blocos inteiramente casualizados. Para a determinação do FFe foram montadas câmaras de difusão que receberam uma lâmina de resina de troca catiônica como dreno de Fe. O Fe total adsorvido às lâminas foi extraído após 10 dias de contato com os solos, estimando-se o FFe. Os resultados mostraram que, em ambos os solos, o FFe mostrou-se altamente dependente da umidade e da acidez do solo (calagem) e que, no Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, foi muito influenciado pela adição de P. O FFe aumentou com a umidade e com a acidez do solo, mas diminuiu com a adição de P no solo mais argiloso, possivelmente pela formação de compostos Fe-P insolúveis neste solo.