Resumo Apesar do elevado número de espécies de peixes descritas para a região amazônica, a ictiofauna que habita as profundezas dos principais canais de grandes rios tropicais é uma das menos conhecidas. Para conhecer os padrões de diversidade desses peixes nos rios de águas brancas da Amazônia Central, utilizamos dados da assembleia de peixes bentônicos do canal principal dos rios Japurá, Purus e Madeira e testamos a hipótese de que existem marcadas diferenças espaciais e sazonais na composição da comunidade de peixes. Para isso, nós usamos um teste de dispersão multivariada, diversidade β total e sua decomposição em local (LCBD) e contribuição de espécies para diversidade β (SCBD). Além disso, testamos as relações entre os valores de LCBD e riqueza, abundância total e variáveis ambientais. Nós categorizamos as espécies com valores mais altos de SCBD em residentes ou migratórias para investigar a importância potencial das planícies de inundação para a assembleia de peixes bentônicos do canal principal dos rios de águas brancas. Nossos resultados corroboram a hipótese proposta, mostrando que existem diferenças sazonais e entre rios na ictiofauna bentônica, sendo mais evidente para o rio Purus. O LCBD apresentou fortes relações negativas com a riqueza de espécies e abundância total, principalmente nos rios Japurá e Madeira no período de enchente, indicando que rios e períodos com alta singularidade em sua composição também apresentaram baixa riqueza e abundância. O LCBD correlacionou-se negativamente com a condutividade e o pH, aumentando com o declínio dessas variáveis ambientais, como observado principalmente no Rio Japurá em ambos os períodos. Aproximadamente um terço das espécies apresentou valores de SCBD acima da média e foram considerados os principais contribuintes para a diversidade β, além de terem sido classificadas como migratórios. Isso demonstra a importância da realização de estudos que utilizem variáveis espaciais e sazonais, além de incluir a ictiofauna de fundo nos estudos de conservação, ampliando a área protegida e levando em consideração os diferentes padrões de diversidade entre os rios. Além disso, essas diferenças na composição da assembleia podem ser explicadas pelo uso espacial assimétrico dos habitats durante as diferentes estações do ano, sugerindo fortemente a importância do ciclo do pulso de inundação para a manutenção da diversidade neste ambiente.

Abstract Despite the high number of fish species described for the Amazon region, the ichthyofauna that inhabits the depths of the main channels of large tropical rivers is one of the least known. In order to know the diversity patterns of these fish in whitewater rivers of the Central Amazon, we used data from the main channel benthic fish assemblage of the Japurá, Purus and Madeira rivers and tested the hypothesis that there are marked spatial and seasonal differences in the composition of the fish community among them. For this, we used a multivariate dispersion test, total β diversity and its decomposition into local (LCBD) and species contribution to β diversity (SCBD). Additionally, we tested for relationships between LCBD values and richness, total abundance, and environmental variables. We categorized species with higher SCBD values into resident or migratory to investigate the potential importance of floodplains to benthic fish assemblage of the main channel of whitewater rivers. Our results corroborate the proposed hypothesis, showing that there are seasonal and inter-river differences in benthic ichthyofauna, being more evident for the Purus River. LCBD showed strong negative relationships with species richness and total abundance, particularly in the Japurá and Madeira rivers in rising season, indicating that rivers and season with high uniqueness in their composition also had low richness and abundance. LCBD was negatively correlated with conductivity and pH, which increased with declining these environmental variables, as observed mainly in Japurá River in both seasons. Approximately one third of the species had higher than average SCBD values and were considered major contributors to β diversity, as well as classified as migratory. This demonstrates the importance of conducting studies that use spatial and seasonal variables, in addition to including the background fish fauna in conservation studies, expanding the protected area and taking into account the different patterns of diversity between rivers. Furthermore, these differences in assemblage composition might be explained by the asymmetrical spatial use of habitats during different seasons, strongly suggesting the importance of the flood-pulse cycle for maintaining diversity in this environment.

Abstract Background: The treatment for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) is the correction of valve stenosis by surgical valve replacement and more recently by transcatheter aortic valve implant (TAVI). However, in some high risk surgical patients, TAVI is not possible for technical or clinical reasons or due to the unavailability of the endoprosthesis. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a mid-term follow-up of symptomatic severe AS patients who are not eligible for TAVI trials, as well as to identify the clinical features of these patients. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective study conducted with 475 symptomatic severe AS patients, evaluated by the Heart Team between 2000 and 2017. Inclusion criterias were: patients considered not to be eligible for TAVI. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to evaluate normality. Non-paired t and Mann-Whitney tests were applied for continuous variables, while the chi-squared and Fischer exact tests were applied for categorical variables, with a level of significance of p<0,05. Results: The heart team evaluated 475 patients: 25 (5.26%) died before any intervention could be proposed; 326 (68.3%) were submitted to TAVI, so the study population consisted of 124 patients not eligible for TAVI. Of these, 31 (25%) underwent surgery and 93 (75%) remained in clinical treatment. In a mean 56 months- follow-up the mortality in clinical group was 46.2%. In the surgical group the mortality was 23.9% (in-hospital 12.9% and late mortality 11% in a mean 47.4 months follow-up). The patients that died presented a significantly lower left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), a smaller valve area, and a larger end-systolic diameter of the LV. Conclusion: The mortality of the clinical group's patients was significantly higher than the surgical mortality (46.2% vs. 12.9%; p=0.021). The patients of the clinical group were older, weighed less, and had a higher incidence of renal failure and a higher STS score.

ABSTRACT Multitemporal collections of satellite images and their products have recently been explored in digital soil mapping. This study aimed to produce a bare soil image (BSI) for the São Paulo State (Brazil) to perform a pedometric analysis for different geographical levels. First, we assessed the potential of the BSI for predicting the surface (0.00-0.20 m) and subsurface (0.80-1.00 m) clay, iron oxides (Fe 2 O 3 ), aluminum (m%) and bases saturation (V%) contents at the state level, which are important properties for soil classification. In this task, legacy soil samples, the BSI and terrain attributes were employed in machine learning. In a second moment, we evaluated the capacity of the BSI for clustering the landscape at the regional level, comparing the predicted patterns with a legacy semi-detailed soil map from a smaller reference site. In the final stage, the predicted soil maps from the state level were investigated at the farm level considering several sites distributed across the São Paulo state. Our results demonstrated that clay and Fe 2 O 3 reached the best prediction performance for both depths at the state level, reaching a RMSE of less than 10 %, RPIQ higher than 1.6 and R 2 of at least 0.41. Additionally, the predicted landscape clusters had a significant association with the main pedological classes, subsurface color, soil mineralogy and texture from the legacy semi-detailed soil map. Illustrative examples at the farm level indicated great capacity of BSI in detecting the variations of soils, which were linked to several soil properties, such as texture, iron content, drainage network, among others. Therefore, this study demonstrates that BSI is valuable information derived from optical Earth Observation data that can contribute to the future of soil survey and mapping in Brazil (PronaSolos).

Resumo Fundamento: A angina instável (AI) é uma causa comum de internação hospitalar, a estratificação de risco ajuda a determinar estratégias para o tratamento. Objetivo: Determinar a aplicabilidade do strain longitudinal bidimensional (SL2D) para identificação de isquemia miocárdica, em pacientes com AI. Métodos: Estudo observacional transversal, descritivo, com duração de 60 dias. A amostra foi composta por 78 pacientes, sendo quinze (19,2%) elegíveis para análise do strain longitudinal. O valor de p < 0.05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: O grupo dos não elegíveis apresentou: menor proporção de mulheres, maior prevalência de diabetes mellitus (DM), do uso de AAS, estatinas e betabloqueadores e maiores diâmetros cavitários. As principais causas da não aplicabilidade foram: presença de infarto prévio (56,4%), ATC prévia (22,1%), RM prévia (11,5%) ou ambos (16,7%) e presença de alterações eletrocardiográficas específicas (12,8%). A avaliação do SL2D revelou um valor de strain global inferior naqueles com estenose maior que 70% em alguma coronária epicárdica (17,1 [3,1] versus 20,2 [6,7], com p = 0,014). A avaliação do strain segmentar demonstrou associação entre lesão grave nas coronárias CX e CD com redução do strain longitudinal dos segmentos basais das paredes lateral e inferior; (14 [5] versus 21 [10], com p = 0,04) e (12,5 [6] versus 19 [8], com p = 0,026), respectivamente. Conclusão: Houve aplicabilidade muito baixa do SL2D para avaliar isquemia na população estudada. Entretanto, o strain global apresentou correlação com presença de lesão coronária significativa, podendo, futuramente, ser incluído no arsenal diagnóstico da AI.

Abstract Background: Unstable angina (UA) is a common cause of hospital admission; risk stratification helps determine strategies for treatment. Objective: To determine the applicability of two-dimensional longitudinal strain (SL2D) for the identification of myocardial ischemia in patients with UA. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study lasting 60 days. The sample consisted of 78 patients, of which fifteen (19.2%) were eligible for longitudinal strain analysis. The value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The group of ineligible patients presented: a lower proportion of women, a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), use of ASA, statins and beta-blockers and larger cavity diameters. The main causes of non-applicability were: presence of previous infarction (56.4%), previous CTA (22.1%), previous MRI (11.5%) or both (16.7%) and the presence of specific electrocardiographic abnormalities (12.8%). SL2D assessment revealed a lower global strain value in those with stenosis greater than 70% in some epicardial coronary arteries (17.1 [3.1] versus 20.2 [6.7], with p = 0.014). Segmental strain assessment showed an association between severe CX and RD lesions with longitudinal strain reduction of lateral and inferior walls basal segments; (14 [5] versus 21 [10], with p = 0.04) and (12.5 [6] versus 19 [8], respectively). Conclusion: There was very low SL2D applicability to assess ischemia in the studied population. However, the global strain showed a correlation with the presence of significant coronary lesion, which could be included in the UA diagnostic arsenal in the future.

ABSTRACT: The study of soils, including their physical and chemical properties, is essential for agricultural management. Soil quality must be maintained to ensure sustainable production of food and conservation of natural resources. In this context, soil mapping is important to provide spatial information, which can be performed using remote sensing (RS) techniques. Modeling through use of satellite data is uncertain regarding the amplitude of replicability of the models. The aim of this study was to develop a quantification model for soil texture based on reflectance information from a continuum of bare soils, obtained by overlapping multi-temporal satellite images, and apply this model to an unknown region to evaluate its applicability. Spectral data were extracted from two Landsat TM 7 satellite images containing only bare soil, representing two distinct regions in Brazil (Area 1 and Area 2). The spectral data (obtained from six bands) and laboratory data (particle size from the 0.00-0.20 m layer) of Area 1 were modeled and extrapolated to Area 2. The bare soil images differentiated textural classes as sandy, sandy loam, clayey loam, clayey, and very clayey soil. The coefficients of determination between the determined and estimated values were higher than 0.5 and errors lower than 13 % for Area 1 and 30 % for Area 2, indicating applicability of the model to unknown areas.

Resumo Além do envolvimento com o futebol, outra característica típica da crônica de José Lins do Rego foi o diálogo (ou debates) com o círculo intelectual no qual estava inserido. As influências de Gilberto Freyre e Mário Filho foram as mais sensíveis, mas não foram poucos os seus interlocutores. Desta forma, perspectiva-se compreender o posicionamento de José Lins do Rego em suas crônicas esportivas, sem perder de vista esta interdependência estabelecida pela intelectualidade brasileira. Em caráter conclusivo, constatou-se que as crônicas de José Lins, permeadas pela racionalidade e pela paixão, exerceram funções múltiplas em se tratando do convívio com a intelectualidade brasileira.

Abstract Two major aspects of Jose Lins do Rego’s chronicles were the reference to soccer and the establishment of a dialogue (or discussion) with his intellectual circle. The influence of Gilberto Freyre and Mário Filho were the most prominent ones, but Rego had many other dialogic counterparts. Thus, this paper aims to understand José Lins do Rego’s stand in his sports chronicles at the same time it sheds light on the exchange of ideas within the Brazilian intelligentsia. Ultimately, we conclude that José Lins’ chronicles, full of rationality and passion, have played multiple roles when related to the Brazilian intellectual production.

Na última rodada do Campeonato Brasileiro da Série A, de 2009, o Coritiba F. C. empatou com o Fluminense F. C. e foi rebaixado para a série B. A torcida da equipe local invadiu o campo, deixando torcedores e policiais feridos, em uma batalha que durou pouco mais de meia hora. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é tratar das justificativas dadas ao ocorrido no dia 6 de dezembro, com base nos discursos da imprensa escrita e da torcida Império Alviverde, representada pela figura do seu presidente, Luiz Fernando Corrêa. Intenta-se, assim, responder ao seguinte questionamento: quais as divergências entre as explicações dadas pela imprensa escrita e pela torcida, a fim de justificar o ocorrido? Com o intuito de solucionar a questão, parte-se da utilização da análise do discurso.

In the last round of Brazilian Soccer Championship, for A Series, in 2009, Coritiba F. C. tied with Fluminense F. C. and is relegated to B Series. The supporters of the local team invaded the field. Supporters and police were hurt in a battle that lasted just over half an hour. The objective of this research is to investigate the arguments about that December 6th, based on the discourses of the press and the one of Império Alviverde supporter, represented by the figure of its president, Luiz Fernando Corrêa. The intention is, therefore, according to the precepts laid down by Ginzburg (1996) as "evidential paradigm", answer the following question: what are the differences between the explanations given by the press and the fans to justify what happened? In order to solve the problem, it is also necessary the use of discourse analysis.

En la última ronda del Campeonato Brasileño de la Serie A de 2009, Coritiba F. C. empató con el Fluminense F. C. y fue relegado a la Serie B. Los seguidores del equipo local invadieron a la cancha, dejando a los aficionados y policías heridos en una batalla que duró poco más de media hora. El objetivo de esta investigación es hacer frente a las justificaciones de diciembre 06, baseado en los discursos de la prensa y de la hinchada Alviverde Imperio, representado por la figura de su presidente, Luiz Fernando Correa. La intención es, por lo tanto, siguiendo los preceptos establecidos por Ginzburg (1996) como "paradigma de evidencia", responder la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cuáles son las diferencias entre las explicaciones dadas por la prensa y los aficionados, para justificar lo que pasó? Con la intención de resolver el problema, también es necesario el uso del análisis del discurso.

O objetivo da presente pesquisa é desvendar as interferências de outros gêneros trabalhados por Nelson Rodrigues, que teriam um vínculo menor com a verdade - especificamente o teatro -, nas construções sobre o futebol, edificadas na crônica esportiva do escritor. Atrelado a isso, intenta-se, ainda, expor o sentido com que Nelson utilizou tais recursos em seus textos futebolísticos, bem como as diversas influências a partir da leitura de clássicos da literatura nacional e mundial; ou até as nem sempre sutis referências a filósofos, sociólogos e mesmo os amigos intelectuais com quem dialogava. Para tal, contou-se com a análise de crônicas e roteiro rodrigueanos, pautada no referencial de Antonio Candido, quanto ao tratamento da literatura enquanto fonte, segundo o qual se faz necessária a intersecção entre texto (autonomia do autor e fatores de arte), bem como contexto da obra.

The objective of this research is to reveal the interferences from other genres worked by Nelson Rodrigues, which have a minor relation with the truth - specifically theater - in theses about football, built in sport chronics by the writer. It also aims to expose the sense that Nelson used these resources in his texts about football, as well as the various forms of influences from the reading of classic world and national literature; or even the implicit references to philosophers, sociologists and, also, the intellectual friends, with whom he used to dialogue. To this end, it was analysed the chronic and script of Nelson Rodrigues, based on the theory of Antonio Candido, about the treatment of literature as a source, intersecting the text (author's autonomy and elements of art) and the context of the work.