Abstract The structural optimization of trusses is a complex problem that can be affected by many different factors. In this research, the authors investigated the optimization of trusses performing a geometric nonlinear analysis under dynamic loading, using two different metaheuristic algorithms: the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The objective function was to minimize the weight of the structure. A number of benchmark test problems for spatial trusses considering a geometric nonlinear analysis, and dynamic loading are analyzed to verify the performance of the optimization algorithms. The results showed that both algorithms were able to find efficient solutions to the optimization problem and suggest that the choice of the optimization algorithm can have a significant impact on the performance of the optimization process.

ABSTRACT Lime applications are used in acid soils to correct pH and eliminate Al3+ toxicity in crops. The lime rates are determined based on the estimated soil potential acidity (H+Al), using soil incubations with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) for 180 days, being a time-consuming and laborious process. An alternative method with calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] for 96 h incubation may efficiently estimate H+Al, but it needs further studies. Also, soils from specific regions in southern Brazil have high organic matter (SOM) contents (>5 %), medium clay contents (20-40 %), and are stony, lacking research to improve liming recommendations. The study aimed to determine potential acidity and adjust lime rates for acidity correction in medium-textured soils with high SOM and stoniness in the Serra Gaúcha region (RS), Brazil, and to test the efficiency of the short incubation alternative method. For this purpose, 20 native forest soils were sampled in the 0.00-0.20 m layer. Samples were dried, sieved, and subjected to short and long incubations. The H+Al values obtained through the incubations were compared with the Manual de calagem e adubação para os Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina (CQFS-RS/SC, 2016) equation. The H+Al values estimated by CQFS-RS/SC were lower than those determined by the long incubation, indicating lime rates ranging from 2.0 to 5.1 Mg ha-1 lower than in the long incubation. The short incubation showed a positive correlation (0.93***) with the long incubation. The potential acidity for soil water pH 6.5 can be obtained by long [H+Al (cmolc dm-3) = 1354.9e-0.855TSM] and short [H+Al (cmolc dm-3) = 3763.8e-1.086TSM] incubations, in which TSM is the Tampão Santa Maria index. On average, 34 % of the soil volume was composed of rock fragments (>2 mm). We recommend adjusting the limestone rates for soils with stoniness, considering only the percentage of soil in the diagnostic layer (SDL%).

Abstract This article presents a formulation for the optimization problem that minimizes the CO2 emission of pile caps with variations of geometry and pile position. The problem is defined by the design variables: concrete pile cap dimensions, rebar ratio, concrete compressive strength, the number of piles, the diameter, and length. The environmental impact was chosen as the objective function, taking CO2 emission as the main parameter. The design procedure was based on the ABNT NBR 6118:2014 (2014), and by the formulation proposed by Blévot & Frémy (1967). Also, the soil structure interaction between the cap and the piles was considered in the optimization problem. The problem was implemented using MATLAB (2016) and solved via a Genetic Algorithm native to the program. Results obtained from numerical examples were compared with structural designs solutions located in the Grande Vitória metropolitan area, Espírito Santo, Brazil and validated with a commercial software. The analyses indicate that design optimizations of pile caps considering the compressive strength of concrete, the diameter and length of piles and the optimal geometry of the pile caps may lead to significant reductions of material consumption, and consequently, a reduction of environmental impacts.

Abstract The emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) that are produced during the combustion of fossil fuels in the petrochemical and metallurgical industries, when combined with other types of pollutants, can have significant impacts on human health and the environment. Therefore, it is essential to investigate techniques that allow the optimization of burning in industrial furnaces with moderate levels of NOx emissions and, for this, computational learning structures that detect and prevent emissions can create efficient AI models. With this objective, we present in this article an Artificial Neural Network-ANN composed of algorithms based on Paraconsistent Annotated Logic-PAL, which is a branch of non-classical logics that deals with situations in which data contains contradictions and inconsistencies in its information. The learning data used was obtained from a 6-burner Vertical Cylinder Industrial Furnace that is in operation in the Oil Refining process in Brazil. In the data preprocessing phase for training the PANNet structure, real data on the inlet air flow rate during combustion and real fuel flow rate data were used. These values collected in the SCADA system were transformed into normalized degrees of evidence and then applied to the PANNet inputs, creating support patterns for estimating and optimizing the combustion process. The comparative results with a conventional ANN showed that the Paraconsistent Artificial Neural Network-PANNet presents superior performance parameters, thus highlighting its efficiency in creating models that deal with complex modeling problems to estimate industrial NOx emissions in combustion furnaces.

Abstract The agricultural sector is one of the most polluting economic activities, contributing significantly to greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions. Brazil is one of the largest agricultural producers worldwide and plays a major role in reducing the environmental impact of this sector. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of the agricultural sector, with special attention to production, prices, and trade openness, on the short- and long-term GHGs emissions of Brazilian agriculture. Employing data from 1974 to 2019, we tested the cointegration of variables and compared the determinants of GHG emissions using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) methods. Our results show a long-term equilibrium trend for Brazilian agricultural GHGs emissions, a result that correlates with emerging environmental compliance, and society demands the adoption of sustainable technologies, processes, and policies. In the short run, both cattle herds and Agricultural Added Value to GDP per capita showed an expected positive and significant contribution to GHGs emissions, while agricultural crop area demonstrated an inverse relationship. The trade openness index confirmed that foreign trade plays an important role in reducing GHGs emissions. The price index is not significant in our models. Both the private and public sectors have important roles in sustainable agriculture, especially in increasing system efficiency through the adoption of management and technologies that reduce GHG emissions levels.

RESUMEN Los espacios verdes urbanos son importantes para la conservación de las aves, representan un amortiguador de los impactos de las acciones humanas en su entorno, pero también benefician a los humanos a través de la mejora de las condiciones climáticas y un contacto más íntimo con la naturaleza. Desde este punto de vista, describimos, en tres secciones, cómo la investigación ornitológica en un parche de vegetación peri urbano en una metrópolis tropical culminó en un movimiento de protección ambiental. Este parche de vegetación consiste en un mosaico de fitofisonomías típicas de la zona de transición entre dos hotspots de biodiversidad: Cerrado y Mata Atlántica. Si bien su vegetación presenta características que indican una alta degradación, la región aún alberga 108 especies de aves (incluidas especies amenazadas y endémicas), lo que sugiere que, a pesar de los impactos adversos, el área presenta características de resiliencia para albergar la biodiversidad local. Dados estos hallazgos, discutimos el potencial de este espacio verde urbano para la investigación científica, la educación ambiental y la observación de aves. Destacamos la posibilidad de incidir en el compromiso de la comunidad en la conservación del área, ya sea para la preservación de especies carismáticas o para actividades lúdicas y educativas. Al cerrar la brecha entre la academia y la sociedad, podemos ayudar en la conservación de los espacios verdes urbanos, especialmente en una región que presenta una alta vulnerabilidad ambiental social.

ABSTRACT Urban green spaces are important for bird conservation functioning not only as a buffer against the impacts of human actions on their surroundings, but also bringing benefits to humans, such as the improve-ment of climatic conditions and a more intimate contact with nature. In this point of view, we describe, in three sections, how ornithological research in a peri-urban vegetation patch in a tropical metropolis culminated in an environmental protection movement. This vegetation patch consists of a mosaic of typical phytophysiog-nomies from the transition zone between two biodiversity hotspots: Cerrado and Atlantic Forest. Even though its vegetation presents characteristics that indicate high degradation, the region still harbors 108 bird species (threatened and endemic species included), suggesting that notwithstanding the adverse impacts, the area presents characteristics of resilience to shelter the local biodiversity. Given these findings, we discuss the potential of this urban green space for scientific research, environmental education, and birdwatching. We highlight the possibility of influencing community engagement in the conservation of the area, whether for the preservation of charismatic species or for leisure and educational activities. By bridging the gap between academia and society we can assist in the conservation of urban green spaces, especially in a region that presents high social environmental vulnerability.

Abstract The present study aimed was to evaluate the spatial variability of weed species by means of phytosociological parameters and their correlations with the physical-chemical soil properties, under semiarid climate conditions. Weed phytosociology and soil characterization were carried out in two areas one newly deforested area covering 8.86 ha, and one experimental agricultural area covering 24.7 ha; both in the semi-arid region of Brazil. Weed and soil were sampled by following georeferenced grids in each area. Biomass and the total number of weed individuals, as well as soil properties, were mapped by the ordinary Kriging method. The predominant herbaceous plants in the newly deforested area were Hexasepalum teres and Digitaria insularis. The weed species that predominated in the agricultural area were Cyperus rotundus L., Euphorbia heterophylla L. and Herissantia Crispa (L.) Brizicky; the latter species outstanding for dry biomass (873.5g). Spatial dependence was observed for the predominant species, except for Digitaria insularis. The spatial distribution of these weeds was conditioned by soil K+ contents in both areas, and by sand content for the experimental agricultural area. Therefore, these two soil attributes resulted key factors for weed infestation in this semi-arid region.

Abstract The mango cultivation has shown considerable losses, due to the intense occurrence of physiological disorders in its fruits, and stenospermocarpy is the main disorder under tropical semiarid conditions. So, the experiment was carried out to evaluate the potential loss of yield of mango cv. Palmer by stenospermocarpy, its relation with the nutritional state of the plant and yield as a function of fertilization strategies. The study was conducted in two experimental areas in the Brazilian semiarid. There is evidence that the leaf contents of phosphorus (P), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) influenced the development of stenospermocarpy fruits, associated with high temperature and low relative humidity in the flowering period of the crop. The incidence of fruits affected by stenospermocarpy reaches 90%, with an estimated yield loss of 28.81 Mg ha-1 for the mango cv. Palmer.

Resumo A cultura da manga tem apresentado perdas consideráveis, devido à intensa ocorrência de desordens fisiológicas em seus frutos, sendo a estenoespermocarpia a principal desordem nas condições do semiárido tropical. Assim, o experimento foi realizado para avaliar o potencial de perda de produtividade da manga cv. Palmer por estenoespermocarpia, sua relação com o estado nutricional da planta e sua produtividade em função das estratégias de fertilização. O estudo foi realizado em duas áreas experimentais no semiárido brasileiro. Há evidências de que os teores foliares de fósforo (P), ferro (Fe) e zinco (Zn) influenciaram o desenvolvimento comdos frutos estenoespermocárpicos, associados à alta temperatura e baixa umidade relativa, no período de floração da cultura. A incidência de frutos afetados pela estenoespermocarpia chegou a 90%, com perda de produtividade estimada de 28,81 Mg ha-1 para a manga cv. Palmer.

Resumo Introdução A apneia obstrutiva do sono é consequência do colapso das vias aéreas superiores Qualquer região de obstrução nas vias aéreas superiores pode contribuir para o colapso da faringe. A obesidade e os distúrbios relacionados à obesidade desempenham um papel importante na apneia obstrutiva do sono e sua relação com o aumento da resistência das vias aéreas superiores. Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre a obesidade e as propriedades da cavidade nasal em pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono. Método O estudo foi feito retrospectivamente através da revisão de prontuários médicos de pacientes adultos. O instrumento de avaliação NOSE, do inglês nasal obstruction symptom evaluation, foi usado para avaliar a obstrução nasal. Os distúrbios respiratórios do sono foram avaliados através de exames polissonográficos. O volume nasal foi obtido por tomografia computadorizada e a reconstrução volumétrica das vias aéreas nasais. As alterações anatômicas nasais foram avaliadas por endoscopia nasal. Resultados A análise dos prontuários de 83 pacientes, entre os quais 54 eram do sexo masculino e 29 do feminino, encontrou um índice de massa corporal médio de 28,69 kg/m2. Os grupos obeso e não obeso foram determinados com o ponto de corte de 30 kg/m2. Na comparação entre os grupos, o grupo obeso apresentou correlação positiva e significante com o índice de apneia/hipopneia (p = 0,02), instrumento NOSE (p = 0,033) e hipertrofia da concha inferior (p = 0,036), com uma odds ratio de 1,983 (IC95%: 1,048 a 3,753). A avaliação do desvio do septo nasal (p = 0,126) e do volume das vias aéreas nasais (p = 0,177) não mostrou resultados significantes. Conclusão A obesidade correlacionou-se significantemente com a obstrução nasal subjetiva pela escala NOSE e hipertrofia de concha inferior em pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono. Não houve correlação com a avaliação do volume nasal. Nível de evidência 3b. Estudo de caso-controle individual.

Abstract Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea is a consequence of upper airway collapse. Any obstructive sector in the upper airway can contribute to pharyngeal collapse. Obesity and obesity-related disorders play an important role in obstructive sleep apnea and its relationship with increased upper airway resistance. Objective This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and properties of the nasal cavity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Methods The study was conducted retrospectively by review of medical records of adult patients. The nasal obstruction symptom evaluation, NOSE instrument, was used to measure nasal obstruction. Sleep breathing disorders were evaluated by polysomnography exams. Nasal volume was obtained by computed tomography scans and volumetric reconstruction of nasal airway. Nasal anatomic alterations were assessed by nasal endoscopy. Results Analysis of 83 patient records, among whom 54 were male and 29 females, found the mean body mass index of 28.69 kg/m2. Obese and non-obese groups were determined by using cut-off 30 kg/m2. In the comparison between groups, the obese group had a positive and significant correlation with apnea/hypopnea index (p= 0.02), NOSE instrument (p= 0.033) and inferior turbinate hypertrophy (p= 0.036), with odds ratio 1.983 (95% IC 1.048 − 3.753). nasal septum deviation (p= 0.126) and nasal airway volume evaluation (p= 0.177) showed no significant results. Conclusion Obesity was significantly correlated with subjective nasal obstruction, NOSE scale, and inferior turbinate hypertrophy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. There was no correlation with the nasal volume evaluation. Level of Evidence 3b - Individual case-control study.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue verificar el impacto de diferentes métodos de superación de la latencia en la germinación de semillas de Ipomoea cavalcantei, además de determinar los datos biométricos de sus semillas y frutos. Las frutas maduras se recolectaron al azar en el hábitat de la especie, un ecosistema único caracterizado por vegetación baja y afloramientos de hierro. Para los análisis biométricos se determinaron el peso, la humedad, el largo, el ancho y el grosor de 100 frutos y 100 semillas. Para analizar la eficiencia de la superación de la latencia de las semillas, se probaron seis tratamientos diferentes, incluyendo métodos mecánicos, físicos y químicos, y se evaluaron la germinación, el tiempo medio de germinación y el índice de velocidad de germinación. Posteriormente, para estimar la curva de imbibición, se seleccionaron dos tratamientos para medir la tasa de absorción de agua de las semillas hasta la emisión radicular de al menos el 50 % de las semillas. Los resultados demostraron que los frutos y semillas de I. cavalcantei varían biométricamente en longitud, ancho y grosor, lo que dificulta la obtención de muestras estándar in situ. Además, los métodos de escarificación mecánica fueron los tratamientos más eficientes para aumentar la eficiencia en la obtención de plántulas de esta especie. Este estudio puede contribuir a generar estrategias de conservación ex situ de esta especie endémica, que se ve amenazada por el aumento de las actividades mineras.

Abstract This study aimed to verify the impact of different methods of overcoming dormancy in the germination of Ipomoea cavalcantei seeds, in addition to surveying the biometric data of its seeds and fruits. Ripe fruits were randomly collected from the species' habitat, which is a unique ecosystem characterized by small vegetation and iron outcrops. For the biometric analyses, the weight, moisture content, length, width, and thickness of 100 fruits and 100 seeds were determined. To analyse the efficiency of overcoming seed dormancy, six different treatments were tested, including mechanical, physical, and chemical methods, and the resultant germinability, average germination time, and germination speed index were evaluated. Further, in order to estimate the imbibition curve, two treatments were selected to measure the water absorption rate of the seeds until the root emission of at least 50 % of the seeds. The results showed that the I. cavalcantei fruits and seeds biometrically vary in length, width, and thickness, which makes it difficult to obtain standard in situ samples. Moreover, mechanical scarification methods were the most efficient treatments to increase the efficiency of obtaining seedlings of this species. This study can contribute to ex situ conservation strategies for this endemic species, which is threatened by increasing mining activities.

Abstract The characteristics of milk are controlled by several genes, with emphasis on the four genes from casein, CSN1S1; CSN1S2; CSN2 and CSN3, which are responsible encoding of fractions the milk protein. The study of genetic variants in these genes, seek to investigate alleles, insertions or deletions, that can directly reflect on productive characteristics, indicating differences in milk quality, composition and yield. The CSN1S1 and CSN3 genes were analyzed in lactating Murrah buffaloes using nucleotide sequencing. An SNP was found in the amplified fragment of the CSN1S1 gene, located in nucleotide number 2,123 of the promoter region in position nt-258 (A/G). As for the CSN3 gene, two SNPs of exon number 4 were identified in codons 33 (ACC/ATC) and 34 (ACC/ACT) of the analyzed fragment. This study contributes to important associations between genetic variants and the desired characteristics of milk and its derivatives in future studies, because the variants found may be associated with the quality of milk, enabling genetic selection to be assisted by molecular markers, indicating a major advance that makes it possible to select animals early.

Abstract The evolution of the Sars-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus pandemic has revealed that the problems of social inequality, poverty, public and private health systems guided by controversial public policies are much more complex than was conceived before the pandemic. Therefore, understanding how COVID-19 evolves in society and looking at the infection spread is a critical task to support efficient epidemiological actions capable of suppressing the rates of infections and deaths. In this article, we analyze daily COVID-19 infection data with two objectives: (i) to test the predictive power of a Recurrent Neural Network - Long Short Term Memory (RNN-LSTM) on the daily stochastic fluctuation in different scenarios, and (ii) analyze, through adaptive linear regression, possible anomalies in the reported data to provide a more realistic and reliable scenario to support epidemic control actions. Our results show that the approach is even more suitable for countries, states or cities where the rate of testing, diagnosis and prevention were low during the virus dissemination. In this sense, we focused on investigating countries and regions where the disease evolved in a severe and poorly controlled way, as in Brazil, highlighting the favelas in Rio de Janeiro as a regional scenario.

RESUMO - RACIONAL: O diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) é uma doença de impacto mundial que tem levado ao aumento de comorbidades e mortalidade em vários países. A imunoexpressão dos hormônios incretínicos glp-1 e pyy3-36, pode ser usada como marcador no trato gastrointestinal para analisar a atividade da célula L em resposta ao tratamento do DM2. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a presença, localização e secreção de células L no intestino delgado de pacientes submetidos à forma de cirurgia bariátrica denominada gastroenteromentectomia adaptativa com bipartição parcial. MÉTODOS: Ensaios imunohistoquímicos, reação quantitativa em cadeia de polimerase em tempo real (qPCR) e análise de manchas ocidentais foram realizados em amostras de mucosa intestinal de pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 nos períodos pré- e pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Todos os resultados foram consistentes e indicaram expressão basal e secreção de peptídeos glucagon-1 (GLP-1) e peptídeos YY (PYY3-36) incretinas por células L. Uma maior densidade de células foi demonstrada nas porções mais distais do intestino delgado. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os níveis de expressão GLP-1 e PYY3-36 nos períodos pré-operatório e pós-operatório, provavelmente devido ao estado de jejum prolongado durante o qual as amostras foram coletadas CONCLUSÃO: O maior número de células L em atividade implica melhor sinalização de peptídeo, resposta e funcionamento do sistema neuroendócrino.

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease of global impact that has led to an increase in comorbidities and mortality in several countries. Immunoexpression of the incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (3-36) (PYY3-36) can be used as a scorer in the gastrointestinal tract to analyze L-cell activity in response to T2DM treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the presence, location, and secretion of L cells in the small intestine of patients undergoing the form of bariatric surgery denominated adaptive gastroenteromentectomy with partial bipartition. METHODS: Immunohistochemical assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blot analysis were performed on samples of intestinal mucosa from patients with T2DM in both the preoperative and postoperative periods. RESULTS: All results were consistent and indicated basal expression and secretion of GLP-1 and PYY3-36 incretins by L cells. A greater density of cells was demonstrated in the most distal portions of the small intestine. No significant difference was found between GLP-1 and PYY3-36 expression levels in the preoperative and postoperative periods because of prolonged fasting during which the samples were collected. CONCLUSION: The greater number of L cells in activity implies better peptide signaling, response, and functioning of the neuroendocrine system.

RESUMO O desenvolvimento agrícola depende, consideravelmente, da pesquisa experimental, fazendo-se necessário minimizar as variações existentes no solo para obter resultados mais precisos. Portanto, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho quantificar a variabilidade espacial dos atributos do solo e definir Zonas de Manejo (MZs) mais homogêneas através da geoestatística multivariada para alocar áreas experimentais agrícolas. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de solo deformadas seguindo uma grade amostral com 56 pontos georreferenciados nas camadas de 0,00 a 0,20 m e 0,40 a 0,60 m de profundidade. Foram realizadas as análises granulométricas e químicas do solo. Foi realizada a análise de componentes principais (ACP). Foi verificada a dependência espacial das variáveis analisadas e dos componentes principais (CPs) utilizando semivariogramas experimentais e os mapas foram obtidos pelo interpolador Krigagem ordinária. A delimitação da área em zonas foi realizada com uso do algoritmo de agrupamento fuzzy c-means. Os resultados mostraram que nos dois primeiros CPs predominaram os elementos relacionados à acidez do solo e que a área deverá ser delimitada em três zonas. O delineamento de MZs com base em CP se mostrou uma ferramenta importante no auxílio da alocação de experimentos agrícolas, reduzindo o erro advindo da heterogeneidade que pode ocorrer dentro dos blocos experimentais.

ABSTRACT Agricultural development relies heavily on experimental research and it is necessary to minimize soil variations for more accurate results. Therefore, the present study aims to quantify the spatial variability of soil attributes and to define more homogeneous Management Zones (MZs) through the multivariate geostatistics to allocate agricultural experimental areas. The experiment was carried out in Petrolina city, Pernambuco state, Brazil. Disturbed soil samples were collected following a sample grid with 56 georeferenced points in the layers of 0.00 to 0.20 m and 0.40 to 0.60 m depths. The granulometric and chemical analyzes of the soil were performed. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed. The spatial dependence of the analyzed variables and the principal components (PCs) was verified using experimental semivariogramas. Maps were obtained by the ordinary Kriging interpolator. The delimitation of the MZ was performed using the fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. The results showed that in the PC the attributes related to soil acidity predominated and that the area should be delimited in three zones. The MZs delimitation using PC showed as an important tool in assisting the allocation of agricultural experiments, reducing the error arising from the heterogeneity that may occur within the experimental blocks.

ABSTRACT Lignocellulosic residues are used to produce mushrooms, but they generate large amounts of spent mushroom substrate (SMS). The objective of this study was to evaluate they effect of SMS of Pleurotus ostreatus, combined with organic fertilization, on biomass production and essential oil yield of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) plants. The fertilizer was formulated using combinations of organic compounds: SMS, organic compost (OC), and earthworm humus (EH). The treatments were applied using 35 g of the formulations, corresponding to an application of 20 Mg ha-1. The treatments used were: 100% OC; 100% EH; 100% SMS; 75% SMS + 25% OC (C1); 75% SMS + 25% EH (C2); 50% SMS + 50% OC (C3); 50% SMS + 50% EH (C4); 50% SMS + 25% OC + 25% EH (C5), and a control with no fertilizer application (CT). Plants grown with the soil fertilizers containing SMS, single or combined with OC and EH, presented higher average plant height (55.6 to 62.2 cm) and leaf area per plant (696.5 to 836.4 cm2). The treatment C3 resulted in plants with higher mean dry weight (10.9 g plant-1), and C2 resulted in the highest oil yield (5.0 kg ha-1), representing a gain of 324.8% in oil yield when compared to the control. Thus, SMS increases biomass production and essential oil yield of basil plants.

RESUMO Resíduos lignocelulósicos são usados na produção de cogumelos, mas geram grandes quantidades de substrato pós-cultivo de cogumelo (SPC). Neste estudo avaliou-se o SPC de Pleurotus ostreatus, aliado a adubação orgânica na produção de biomassa e rendimento de óleo essencial de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.). As formulações das adubações foram preparadas com o SPC, composto orgânico (CO) e húmus de minhoca (HM) e suas combinações, todos com aplicação de 35 g no solo, equivalente a 20 t ha-1. Os tratamentos foram: CO = 100 %; HM = 100 %; SPC = 100 %; C1 = 75 % SPC + 25 % CO; C2 = 75 % SPC + 25 % HM; C3 = 50 % SPC + 50 % CO; C4 =50 % SPC + 50 % HM; C5 = 50 % SPC + 25 % CO + 25 % HM e CT = sem adubação. O comprimento médio e a área foliar foram superiores nas plantas cultivadas no solo contendo o SPC, individualmente ou combinado com as fontes orgânicas, com 55,6 a 62,2 cm de comprimento e 696,5 a 836,4 cm2 de área foliar por planta. O tratamento C3 proporcionou plantas com maior acumulo de matéria seca (10,9 g planta-1) e o C2 proporcionou maior rendimento de óleo (5,0 kg ha-1), com ganho de 324,8 % no rendimento, em relação ao controle. O SPC promove um aumento significativo na biomassa e no rendimento de óleo essencial em plantas de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum).