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Anatomical study of Orchidaceae epiphytes species occurring in indigenous territory in the Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro (P.E.S.T.), Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Blanco, Graziela Dias

; Hanazaki, Natalia

; Rodrigues, Ana Claudia

Rodriguésia

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2021, Volume 72 elocation e02052019

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Além de sua importância ecológica, espécies epífitas de Orchidaceae desempenham papéis econômicos e sociais através de sua comercialização e algumas estão em grande risco de extinção. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a anatomia foliar e radicular de quatorze espécies epífitas de Orchidaceae, que ocorrem em território indígena no Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro (PEST), Santa Catarina, Brasil e identificar características anatômicas adaptativas relacionadas ao hábito epifitico. As espécies são comercializadas pelos Guarani e foram coletadas durante entrevistas e visitas guiadas com os Guarani no território indígena. Os resultados revelam que as espécies possuem muitas estruturas morfoanatômicas úteis durante a escassez de água resultante do hábito epifítico. Características notáveis estão relacionadas à reserva de água (pseudobulbos e hipoderme com células de armazenamento de água) e resistência à dessecação na folha (cutícula conspícua, câmara suprasomática e fibras extraxilares e pericíclicas) e raiz (i.e., tilossomas e / ou espessamento exodérmico e células do córtex com espessamentos phi ou esclereides). Descrições e identificação de características adaptativas de espécies de plantas epífitas são úteis para estudos de conservação e cultivo, especialmente para plantas utilizadas comercialmente pelos índios Guarani.

Abstract Besides their ecological importance, epiphytic species of Orchidaceae play economic and social roles through their commercialization and some are at great risk of extinction. The objectives of this study were to characterize the leaf and root anatomy of fourteen epiphytic Orchidaceae species, which occur in indigenous territory in the Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro (P.E.S.T.), Santa Catarina, Brazil and to identify adaptive anatomical characteristics related to the epiphytic habit. The species are commercialized by the Guarani and were collected during interviews and guided tours with Guarani in the indigenous territory. The results reveal the species have many morphoanatomical structures that are useful during water shortages resulting from the epiphytic habit. Notable characteristics are related to reserving water (i.e., pseudobulbs and a hypodermis with water-storage cells) and resistance to desiccation in the leaf (i.e., conspicuous cuticle, suprastomatic chamber and extraxylary and pericyclic fibers) and root (i.e., tilosomes and/or exodermal thickening and cortex cells with phi thickenings or sclereids). Descriptions and the identification of adaptive characteristics of epiphytic plant species are useful for conservation and cultivation studies, especially for plants commercially used by the Guarani Indians.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202172026 337 downloads

Non-clonal occurrence of pmrB mutations associated with polymyxin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Brazil
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Rodrigues, Ana Claudia Souza

; Santos, Ivson Cassiano de Oliveira

; Campos, Caroline Conci

; Rezende, Isadora Nascimento

; Ferreira, Yanara Miranda

; Chaves, Claudia Elisabeth Volpe

; Rocha-de-Souza, Cláudio Marcos

; Carvalho-Assef, Ana Paula D’Alincourt

; Chang, Marilene Rodrigues

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2019, Volume 114 elocation e180555

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

BACKGROUND Polymyxins are currently used as a “last-line” treatment for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. OBJECTIVES To identify the major mechanisms of resistance to polymyxin and compare the genetic similarity between multi-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains recovered from inpatients of public hospitals in the Mid-West of Brazil. METHODS 97 carbapenems non-susceptible K. pneumoniae were studied. β-lactamases (bla OXA-48, bla KPC, bla NDM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV, bla TEM, bla IMP, bla VIM) and mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Mutations in chromosomal genes (pmrA, pmrB, phoP, phoQ, and mgrB) were screened by PCR and DNA sequencing. Clonal relatedness was established by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing. FINDINGS K. pneumoniae isolates harbored bla KPC (93.3%), bla SHV (86.6%), bla TEM (80.0%), bla CTX-M (60%) genes. Of 15 K. pneumoniae resistant to polymyxin B the authors identified deleterious mutations in pmrB gene, mainly in T157P. None K. pneumoniae presented mcr gene variants. Genetic polymorphism analyses revealed 12 different pulsotypes. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Deleterious mutations in pmrB gene is the main chromosomal target for induction of polymyxin resistance in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae in public hospitals in the Mid-West of Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760180555 1416 downloads

Post-neurosurgical meningitis caused by KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: report of two cases
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Patrial, Yasmin Coelho

; Tortorelli, Luma Petri

; Rodrigues, Ana Claudia Souza

; Santos, Ivson Cassiano de Oliveira

; Volpe-Chaves, Cláudia Elizabeth

; Capato, Gislaine Souza

; Barbosa, Gustavo Augusto Ribeiro

; Carvalho-Assef, Ana Paula D’Alincourt

; Chang, Marilene Rodrigues

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2019, Volume 61 elocation e69

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Nosocomial bacterial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is associated with high mortality in neurosurgical patients. There are few reports in the literature on meningitis caused by CRKP. We report two cases of CRKP meningitis after neurosurgery. The K. pneumoniae identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using the Vitek Compact System. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of polymyxin B were determined using the broth microdilution method. Molecular typing of K. pneumoniae isolates was investigated using multilocus sequence typing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the K. pneumoniae isolates were multidrug resistant and co-produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases and KPC enzymes. The patients were treated with intrathecal polymyxin. Genetic polymorphism analyses revealed two different K. pneumoniae clones (ST1298 and ST2687), which were observed for the first time in CRKP infections. We recommend intravenous administration of intrathecal polymyxin for treating meningitis caused by multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae .

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201961069 909 downloads

First case of infection by metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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Ferreira, Kalinca Miranda

; Rodrigues, Ana Claudia de Souza

; Watanabe, Ana Carolina

; Ferreira, Yanara Miranda

; Chang, Marilene Rodrigues

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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jun 2017, Volume 21 N. 3 Pages 359 - 360

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2016.12.005 752 downloads

Rhodoliths in Brazil: Current knowledge and potential impacts of climate change
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Horta, Paulo Antunes

; Riul, Pablo

; Amado Filho, Gilberto M.

; Gurgel, Carlos Frederico D.

; Berchez, Flávio

; Nunes, José Marcos de Castro

; Scherner, Fernando

; Pereira, Sonia

; Lotufo, Tito

; Peres, Letícia

; Sissini, Marina

; Bastos, Eduardo de Oliveira

; Rosa, João

; Munoz, Pamela

; Martins, Cintia

; Gouvêa, Lidiane

; Carvalho, Vanessa

; Bergstrom, Ellie

; Schubert, Nadine

; Bahia, Ricardo G.

; Rodrigues, Ana Claudia

; Rörig, Leonardo

; Barufi, José Bonomi

; Figueiredo, Marcia

Brazilian Journal of Oceanography

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2016, Volume 64 N. spe2 Pages 117 - 136

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Bancos de rodolitos formam oásis de alta biodiversidade em ambientes marinhos de fundo arenoso. Os rodolitos são formados por espécies bioconstrutoras, que fornecem abrigo e substrato para diversas e abundantes comunidades bentônicas. No Brasil esses ambientes são frequentes, representando grandes "fábricas" de carbonato com um papel fundamental no ciclo biogeoquímico do carbono no Atlântico Sul. Estes organismos e ambientes estão ameaçados pelas mudanças climáticas (principalmente a acidificação dos oceanos e o aquecimento global) e pelos estressores locais, tais como os impactos causados pela pesca e as descargas costeiras de efluentes. Neste trabalho fazemos uma revisão da taxonomia, filogenia e biologia desses organismos, com destaque para os efeitos previstos das mudanças climáticas e suas relações com estressores locais. A maioria dos estudos acerca dos efeitos das mudanças climáticas e da acidificação dos oceanos em algas calcárias relatam respostas negativas não só no crescimento e na calcificação, mas também no processo de fotossíntese, espessura da parede celular, reprodução e sobrevivência das algas. Este cenário reforça a necessidade em estabelecer uma consistente rede de trabalho para proporcionar um programa de monitoramento amplo e de longo prazo, bem como infraestrutura para avaliações experimentais de impactos locais e regionais das mudanças climáticas e dos estressores locais em bancos de rodolitos.

Abstract Rhodolith beds are important marine benthic ecosystems, representing oases of high biodiversity among sedimentary seabed environments. They are found frequently and abundantly, acting as major carbonate 'factories' and playing a key role in the biogeochemical cycling of carbonates in the South Atlantic. Rhodoliths are under threat due to global change (mainly related to ocean acidification and global warming) and local stressors, such as fishing and coastal run-off. Here, we review different aspects of the biology of these organisms, highlighting the predicted effects of global change, considering the additional impact of local stressors. Ocean acidification (OA) represents a particular threat that can reduce calcification or even promote the decalcification of these bioengineers, thus increasing the eco-physiological imbalance between calcareous and fleshy algae. OA should be considered, but this together with extreme events such as heat waves and storms, as main stressors of these ecosystems at the present time, will worsen in the future, especially if possible interactions with local stressors like coastal pollution are taken into consideration. Thus, in Brazil there is a serious need for starting monitoring programs and promote innovative experimental infrastructure in order to improve our knowledge of these rich environments, optimize management efforts and enhance the needed conservation initiatives.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-875920160870064sp2 12795 downloads

KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a hospital in the Midwest region of Brazil
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Biberg, Camila Arguelo

; Rodrigues, Ana Claudia Souza

; Carmo, Sidiane Ferreira do

; Chaves, Claudia Elizabeth Volpe

; Gales, Ana Cristina

; Chang, Marilene Rodrigues

Brazilian Journal of Microbiology

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jun 2015, Volume 46 N. 2 Pages 501 - 504

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The emergence of β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the last few decades has become major challenge faced by hospitals. In this study, isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2)-producing K. pneumoniae from a tertiary hospital in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, were characterized. Bacterial identification was performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF; Bruker Daltonics, Germany) mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of carbapenems were determined using the agar dilution method as recommended by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Carbapenemase production was detected using the modified Hodge test (MHT) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by DNA sequencing. Of 360 (12.2%) K. pneumoniae isolates obtained between May 2009 and May 2010, 44 (12.2%) were carbapenem nonsusceptible. Of these 44 isolates, thirty-six K. pneumoniae isolates that were positive by MHT and PCR carried the blaKPC-2 gene. Thus, KPC-2producing Klebsiella pneumoniae has been present in a Brazilian hospital located in the Midwest region since at least 2009.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-838246246220140174 3297 downloads

Silicon location through backscattered electron imaging and X-ray microanalysis in leaves of Cyperus ligularis L. and Rhynchospora aberrans C. B. Clarke (Cyperaceae)
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Estelita, Maria Emília Maranhão

; Rodrigues, Ana Claudia

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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jun 2012, Volume 26 N. 2 Pages 275 - 280

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

As Cyperaceae têm a capacidade de incorporação do ácido silícico mediante depósito de sílica coloidal, que é registrada pela ocorrência de projeções sob a forma de cones, nas paredes tangenciais internas de determinadas células epidérmicas ou "células de sílica". Folhas de C. ligularis e R. aberrans foram analisadas pela técnica de elétrons retroespalhados. C. ligularis além de acumular sílica nas "células de sílica", acumula também em alguns estômatos, nos tricomas e nas paredes das células que contornam as cavidades do aerênquima. Este último apresenta formas diversas, entretanto, as células que se localizam junto aos feixes vasculares mostram projeções cônicas, semelhantes àquelas da epiderme. R. aberrans contém "células de silica" cujas projeções cônicas têm "satélites". A sílica também ocorre em estômatos específicos e em células epidérmicas contíguas aos mesmos. Constata-se que a deposição de sílica ocorre tanto em combinação com a parede (sem modificações estruturais aparentes), como em estruturas de secreção da mesma, ou seja, projeções da parede. Essas variações de ocorrência estrutural e de localização nas espécies devem estar relacionadas com a funcionalidade, fatores ambientais, com destaque ao solo, além da relação com grupos taxonômicos.

The Cyperaceae show the ability to incorporate silicon by depositing colloidal silica, which is recorded by the occurrence of projections in the form of cones, in inner tangential walls of some epidermal cells or "silica cells". Leaves of C. ligularis and R. aberrans were analyzed through the technique of electron backscatter. Cyperus ligularis accumulates silica, in addition to "silica cells", in some stomata, trichomes and the cell walls that surround the cavities of the aerenchyma. The silica in the latter occurs in various forms; however, the cells located near the vascular bundles have conical projections, similar to those of the epidermis. Rhynchospora aberrans presents "silica cells" whose projections have tapered "satellites". In this species, silica also occurs in stomata and certain epidermal cells adjacent to them. It appears that the silicon deposition occurs in combination with the wall (with no apparent structural changes), and structures of secretion, or projections of the wall. These structural changes in the species, and location, are probably related to functional and environmental factors, especially the soil, in addition to relation with taxonomic groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062012000200004 2606 downloads

Morphoanatomy of the underground system of Androtrichum trigynum (Cyperaceae)
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Pereira, Roberta Andressa

; Rodrigues, Ana Claudia

Rodriguésia

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jun 2012, Volume 63 N. 2 Pages 305 - 319

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Androtrichum apresenta uma única espécie, A. trigynum (Spr.) Pfeiffer, ocorrendo em regiões litorâneas da costa sudoeste atlântica. Apresenta o sistema subterrâneo constituído por rizomas e raízes adventícias. O rizoma é espessado, plagiotrópico e simpodial, do qual partem os escapos florais e as raízes. A partir do promeristema caulinar diferenciam-se a protoderme, o procâmbio e o meristema fundamental. Na região apical observam-se os meristemas intercalar e de espessamento primário (MEP). As raízes adventícias se originam do MEP e apresentam o ápice radicular do tipo fechado. A epiderme jovem apresenta células papilosas. Observa-se também a endoderme meristemática em atividade. Na maturidade, identifica-se o córtex externo ou hipoderme e córtex interno diferenciado em aerênquima. A endoderme tem células alongadas no sentido radial com paredes finas e o periciclo é bisseriado. As características anatômicas observadas no presente estudo condizem com outras espécies de Cyperaceae, e caracteres xeromorfos podem ser identificados.

Androtrichum has only one species, A. trigynum (Spr.) Pfeiffer, occurring in coastal regions of the southwestern Atlantic coast. It presents an underground system consisting of rhizomes and adventitious roots. The rhizome is thickened, plagiotropic, sympodial, and floral scapes and roots arise from it. From the stem promeristem, the protoderm, procambium and ground meristem are differentiated. At the apex region, the intercalary meristem and primary thickening meristem (PTM) are observed. The adventitious roots originate from the PTM, and present root apex with closed organization. The young epidermis has papillose cells, and meristematic endoderm activity is observed. In a mature root, the outer cortex, or hypodermis, and the internal cortex can be identified. The endoderm presents radially elongated cells with thin walls and the pericycle is biseriate. The anatomical features observed in the present study are found in other species of Cyperaceae and some xeromorphic characters can be identified.

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Metallo-β-lactamase and genetic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in intensive care units in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
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Rodrigues, Ana Claudia Souza

; Chang, Marilene Rodrigues

; Nóbrega, Gabriela Dorn

; Rodrigues, Mayara Souza

; Carvalho, Nadia Cristina Pereira

; Gomes, Beatriz Garcia

; Almeida, Dênio Lopes de

; Carvalho, Karyne Rangel

; Asensi, Marise Dutra

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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jun 2011, Volume 15 N. 3 Pages 195 - 199

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa has spread worldwide, with limited options for treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate metallo-β-lactamase-producing P. aeruginosa strains and compare their genetic profile using samples collected from patients in intensive care units. Forty P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from two public hospitals in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, from January 1st, 2007 to June 31st, 2008. Profiles of antimicrobial susceptibility were determined using the agar diffusion method. Metallo-β-lactamase was investigated using the double-disk diffusion test and PCR. Molecular typing was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Respiratory and urinary tracts were the most common isolation sites. Of the 40 samples tested, 72.5% (29/40) were resistant to ceftazidime and 92.5% (37/40) to imipenem, whereas 65% (26/40) were resistant to both antimicrobials. Fifteen pan-resistant samples were found. Five percent (2/40) of samples were positive for metallo-β-lactamase on the phenotype test. No metallo-β-lactamase subtype was detected by PCR. Macrorestriction analysis revealed 14 distinct genetic patterns. Based on the superior accuracy of PCR, it can be inferred that P. aeruginosa isolates from the investigated hospitals have alternative mechanisms of carbapenem resistance. The results also suggest clonal spread of P. aeruginosa between the studied hospitals.

3831 downloads

10.

Efeitos do ácido L-glutâmico e da vitamina K na composição bioquímica parcial de fêmures de frangos de corte
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Moraes, George Henrique Kling de

; Rodrigues, Ana Claudia Peres

; Silva, Fernanda Álvares da

; Rostagno, Horacio Santiago

; Minafra, Cibele Silva

; Bigonha, Solange Mara

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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apr 2010, Volume 39 N. 4 Pages 796 - 800

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos da combinação de ácido L-glutâmico (L-Glu) e vitamina K na composição bioquímica de fêmures (proteínas colagenosas; não-colagenosas e totais) de frangos de corte. O experimento, que teve 14 dias de duração, foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2 × 4, com dois níveis de ácido L-glutâmico (6,25 e 12,5%) combinados com quatro níveis de vitamina K (0,02; 0,2; 2,0 e 20,0 mg/kg de ração), cada combinação com quatro repetições de dez animais. Foram utilizados pintos machos, Avian Farm, de 1 dia, criados em baterias aquecidas e alimentados à vontade com dieta básica contendo L-aminoácidos essenciais, minerais e vitaminas (exceto vitamina K) suplementada com ácido L-glutâmico e vitamina K. Ao término do experimento, os animais foram sacrificados por deslocamento cervical e seus fêmures removidos, medidos, desengordurados e pesados. Não foi observada interação significativa entre ácido L-glutâmico e vitamina K para os parâmetros estudados. Os teores de proteínas não-colagenosas foram maiores e o de proteínas colagenosas, menores nos fêmures dos pintos alimentados com a ração com 6,25% de ácido L-glutâmico. Os teores de proteínas totais, no entanto, não foram afetados pelos níveis de ácido L-glutâmico e de vitamina K. Os níveis de vitamina K tiveram efeito quadrático decrescente nos teores de proteínas não-colagenosas e efeito crescente na composição de proteínas colagenosas dos fêmures. A composição em proteínas colagenosas e não-colagenosas pode ser utilizada como indicador bioquímico de anormalidades de pernas causadas por baixo nível de nitrogênio não-específico.

This work aimed to study the effects of L-glutamic acid (L-Glu) and K vitamin on the biochemical composition (collagenous proteins, CP; non collagenous proteins, NCP; and total proteins, TP) in femurs of broilers. The experiment which lasted for 14 days, was carried out in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 4 factorial with two levels of L-glutamic acid (6.25% and 12.5%) combined with four levels of K vitamin (0.02; 0.2; 2.0 and 20.0 mg of feed) each combination with four replicates of 10 animals. It was used Avian farm male broilers at 1 day of age, reared in electrically heated batteries with raised wire mesh floors and they were fed ad libitum with a basic diet containing essential L-amino acids, minerals and K vitamin. At the end of the experiment, the broilers were sacrificed through cervical dislocation and their femurs were removed, measured, fat removed and weighted. It was not observed a significant interaction among Lglutamic acid and K vitamin for the studied parameters. The non-collagenous protein levels were higher and the collagenous proteins levels were lower in the femurs of the animals fed with 6.25% of L-Glu. However, the total protein levels were not affected by the levels of L-glutamic acid and K vitamin. The levels of K vitamin had a decreasing quadratic effect on the levels of non-collagenous proteins and increasing effect on the level of collageonous proteins in the femurs. The composition on collagenous and non collagenous proteins can be used as a biochemical marker of leg abnormalities caused by low level of non-specific nitrogen.

2620 downloads

11.

Perfil enzimático de α-amilase, lipase e tripsina do pâncreas e crescimento do fígado, intestino e pâncreas de frangos de corte na fase de 1 a 21 dias de idade
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Moraes, George Henrique Kling de

; Rodrigues, Ana Claudia Peres

; Oliveira, Maria Goreti de Almeida

; Albino, Luiz Fernando Teixeira

; Silva, Fernanda Álvares da

; Lopes, Rita de Cássia Stampini de Oliveira

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia

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nov 2009, Volume 38 N. 11 Pages 2188 - 2192

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Com o objetivo de avaliar o desenvolvimento de órgãos do aparelho digestório e o perfil enzimático de α-amilase, lipase e tripsina, realizou-se um experimento com duração de 21 dias utilizando-se pintos de 1 dia, machos, Avian Farm, criados em baterias aquecidas e alimentados à vontade com água e dieta purificada contendo os L-aminoácidos essenciais, ácido L-glutâmico (fonte de nitrogênio não-específico), minerais e vitaminas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de dez aves. No primeiro dia de vida e aos 7, 14 e 21 dias de idade, quatro animais foram sacrificados por deslocamento cervical e o fígado, pâncreas e intestino delgado foram removidos e pesados para determinação das atividades de α-amilase, lipase e tripsina. Os pesos absolutos aumentaram com a idade. O peso relativo do pâncreas e dos intestinos reduziu aos 21 dias. As atividades específicas (UI/mg de proteína) das enzimas α-amilase e lipase foram maiores no 1º dia, diminuíram no 7º dia, alcançando pico máximo no 14º dia e tornando a reduzir no 21º dia de idade. A atividade específica (UI/mg de proteína) de tripsina não se alterou com a idade. As atividades relativas da a-amilase, lipase e tripsina (UI/100 g de peso corporal) aumentaram do 1º ao 14º dia de idade e reduziram no 21º de idade. As atividades máximas das enzimas digestivas α-amilase e lipase ocorrem no 14º dia de idade. O perfil enzimático da tripsina, de modo geral, não se altera com a idade, o que pode ser explicado pelo fato de os animais serem criados com dietas purificadas, que não estimulam a produção de enzimas proteolíticas.

With the objective of assessing the development of organs of the digestive tract and the enzymatic profile α-amylase, lipase and trypsin, an experiment lasting 21 days was carried out using one-day-old male Avian Farm broiler chicks, reared in heated batteries and fed ad libitum with water and purified diets containing all L-essential amino acids, glutamic acid (nonspecific nitrogen source), minerals and vitamins. A randomized complete design was used with four replications of ten birds. At one, seven, 14 e 21 days of age, four chicks were sacrificed and the liver, pancreas and intestine were removed and weighed to determine the pancreas a-amylase, lipase e trypsin activities. The absolute weights increased with age. The pancreas and intestine relative weight reduced at 21 days of age. Specific activities (UI/mg protein) of α-amylase and lipase were higher on the 1st day, decreased on the 7th day, reaching the maximum peak on the 14th day decreasing again on the 21st day. Trypsin specific activity (UI/mg protein) did not vary with age. The activities per 100 g of body weight of α-amylase, lipase and trypsin (UI/100g body weight) increased from the first to the 14th day of age and showed a reduction on the 21st day. The maximum activities of the digestive enzymes α-amylase and lipase occurred on the 14th day of age. The enzymatic profile of trypsin in general did not alter with age, that can be explained by the fact that the animals were raised on purified diets, that did not stimulate proteolytic enzymes.

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12.

Morphoanatomy of the stem in Cyperaceae
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Rodrigues, Ana Claudia

; Estelita, Maria Emília Maranhão

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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sep 2009, Volume 23 N. 3 Pages 889 - 901

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

As espécies da família Cyperaceae são normalmente perenes com caule subterrâneo principalmente do tipo rizomas, entretanto outros tipos também podem ocorrer, como cormos e tubérculos. Foram examinados os caules subterrâneos de cinco espécies de Cyperaceae. Cyperus rotundus e Fuirena umbellata tem rizoma plagiotrópico, enquanto que C. esculentus, C. odoratus, Hypolytrum schraderianum e Bulbostylis paradoxa tem rizoma ortotrópico. Em C. rotundus e C. esculentus ocorrem cormos e em C. esculentus ocorrem estolões. O corpo primário é originado a partir da atividade do meristema apical e em níveis subseqüentes, a partir do meristema de espessamento primário (MEP). O crescimento secundário é resultado da atividade do meristema de espessamento secundário (MES), e ocorre nos rizomas de H. schraderianum, B. paradoxa, C. odotarus e F. umbellate. O procâmbio e o MEP originam feixes vasculares colaterais em H. schraderianum e feixes anfivasais nas demais espécies. O MES origina um sistema vascular com floema e xilema associados. De acordo com os resultados, o conceito do tipo caulinar em Cyperaceae depende da morfologia externa, função, período de vida, atividade dos meristemas de espessamentos e da quantidade relativa de parênquima.

Cyperaceae are usually perennial, with underground stems mainly rhizomatous, however, other stem types may also occur, such as corms and tubers. The underground stems of five Cyperaceae species were examined. Cyperus rotundus and Fuirena umbellata have plagiotropic rhizomes, while C. esculentus, C. odoratus, Hypolytrum schraderianum and Bulbostylis paradoxa have orthotropic rhizomes. Corms occur in C. rotundus and C. esculentus, and stolons in C. esculentus. The primary body originates from the activity of the apical meristem and later, from the primary thickening meristem (PTM). Secondary growth results from secondary thickening meristem (STM) activity, and occurs in rhizomes of H. schraderianum, B. paradoxa, C. odotarus and F. umbellata. The procambium and the PTM give rise to collateral bundles in H. schraderianum, and amphivasal bundles in the remaining species. The STM gives rise to the vascular system with the associated phloem and xylem. According to our results, the concept of stem type in Cyperaceae depends on external morphology, function, life phase, activity of the thickening meristems and the relative amount of parenchyma.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062009000300030 27378 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

13.

Diferenciação dos feixes vasculares e dos elementos traqueais no rizoma de algumas Cyperaceae
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Rodrigues, Ana Claudia

; Estelita, Maria Emília Maranhão

Brazilian Journal of Botany

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jun 2009, Volume 32 N. 2 Pages 349 - 359

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Foram analisados os rizomas de Bulbostylis paradoxa Ness, Cyperus giganteus Vahl, C. odoratus L., Fuirena umbellata Rottb. e Hypolytrum schraderianum Ness. O corpo primário é resultante da atividade dos meristemas apicais e do meristema de espessamento primário (MEP). Também ocorre crescimento em espessura, que é decorrente da atividade do meristema de espessamento secundário (MES). O procâmbio e o MEP originam feixes colaterais em H. schraderianum e feixes anfivasais nas demais espécies. Entretanto, todos os feixes que têm protofloema e protoxilema são de origem procambial. O MES produz floema e xilema constituindo um tecido vascular único. Elementos de vaso foram encontrados na maioria dos caules em estrutura primária e secundária, com exceção de H. schraderianum que, na estrutura secundária, contém apenas traqueídes, informação que respalda a ocorrência de crescimento secundário nas Cyperaceae. Os elementos de vaso apresentam grande variação morfológica; em estrutura primária, geralmente são mais alongados, com apêndices. Os elementos de vaso do crescimento secundário são relativamente mais curtos, apresentam apêndices e ramificações.

Were analized the rhizomes of Bulbostylis paradoxa Ness, Cyperus giganteus Vahl, C. odoratus L., Fuirena umbellata Rottb. and Hypolytrum schraderianum Ness. The primary body results from activity of primary meristems and primary thickening meristem (PTM). Secondary growth occurs too, due to the activity of the secondary thickening meristem (STM). Collateral vascular bundles are formed from procambium and MEP in H. schraderianum, and amphivasal bundles in the other species. However, all of the vascular bundles having protophloem and protoxylem are originated from procambium. Phloem and xylem are formed from MES in a single vascular tissue. Vessel elements were present in the most of the stems in primary and secondary growth, exception to H. schraderianum that has only tracheids in the last one; this information supports the occurrence of secondary growth in Cyperaceae. The vessel elements show a great morphological variation; generally, vessel elements from the primary growth, are longer and tip of vessel elements are present. The vessel elements from secondary growth are shorter and show tip of vessel elements and branchings.

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14.

Subsídios estruturais à caracterização do sistema caulinar em Cyperaceae
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Estelita, Maria Emília Maranhão

; Rodrigues, Ana Claudia

Brazilian Journal of Botany

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sep 2007, Volume 30 N. 3 Pages 401 - 409

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

São enfocados caracteres anatômicos diferenciais entre rizoma e escapo. Além da atividade dos meristemas apicais de ambos, no caule observou-se a presença e atividade do MEP (meristema de espessamento primário); os feixes vasculares, portanto, têm origem mista (do procâmbio e do MEP). No escapo, não ocorre MEP, portanto, os feixes são apenas de origem procambial. Entretanto, observou-se considerável atividade do meristema intercalar, o que produz o alongamento dos entrenós.

Differential anatomical characters between rhizome and scape are point out. Besides the apical meristems activity in both, rhizome and scape, it was observed the presence and activity of MEP (primary thickening meristem) in the stem; the vascular bundles are of mixed origin (from the procambium and from MEP). In the scape, MEP is not present, and the vascular bundles are procambial. However, strong activity of the intercallary meristem was observed, causing the internode elongation.

2132 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

15.

Anatomia da raiz de Cyperus giganteus Vahl (Cyperaceae) em desenvolvimento
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Rodrigues, Ana Claudia

; Estelita, Maria Emília M.

Brazilian Journal of Botany

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oct 2004, Volume 27 N. 4 Pages 629 - 638

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

No Pantanal Cyperus giganteus ou "piri", constitui uma comunidade vegetal "Pirizal". É considerada espécie anfíbia ou mesófita, pois ocorre tanto em lagoas e/ou em solos secos. No ápice radicular são evidentes o caliptrogênio, que origina a coifa; o promeristema; a protoderme; o procâmbio e o meristema fundamental. A partir do promeristema identifica-se a célula que dá origem à protoderme e ao meristema fundamental. O córtex externo é constituído pela hipoderme; o córtex interno é formado a partir da camada precursora da endoderme, com formação do aerênquima esquizolisígeno. A endoderme apresenta estrias de Caspary, lamela de suberina, paredes espessadas e impregnada com compostos fenólicos. Observa-se no cilindro vascular a diferenciação precoce dos elementos do metaxilema, seguida pela diferenciação dos elementos do floema. No rizoma, as raízes se originam do periciclo, o qual constitui a camada mais interna do meristema de espessamento primário (MEP). A raiz tem como caracteres representativos da família Cyperaceae a disposição do aerênquima, a hipoderme plurisseriada e idioblastos com compostos fenólicos.

Cyperus giganteus or "piri", constitutes a vegetable community denominated "Pirizal", in the Pantanal. It is considered an amphibious or mesophyte species, because it grows in ponds or dry soils. In the tip root there is the calyptrogen, from which the root cap originates; the promeristem, the protoderm, the procambium and the fundamental meristem are also evident in this part. During the differentiation of the protoderm and of the fundamental meristem from promeristem, the initial cell of both tissues can be observed. The external cortex is constituted by the hypodermis and the inner cortex is formed from the precursory layer of the endodermis. The endodermis presents Casparian strip, suberin lamella, thickened walls and phenolic compounds. In successive phases the inner cortex presents schizo-lysigenous aerenchyma. Precocious metaxylem elements are observed in the vascular cylinder followed by the protoxylem elements differentiation. During the development of the rhizome, the roots arise from the pericycle, that constitutes the innermost layer of the primary thickening meristem (PTM). The disposition of the aerenchyma, the multiple hypodermis and idioblasts with phenolic componds are the most representative characters in the root organization for the family Cyperaceae.

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