Resumo Fundamento Vários Aplicativos (apps) foram desenvolvidos para auxiliar no manejo da hipertensão, mas pouco se sabe sobre a qualidade desses apps no cenário brasileiro, Objetivos Identificar e analisar a qualidade dos apps que visam o controle da pressão arterial (PA) disponíveis em português. Métodos Uma busca sistemática foi realizada nas lojas virtuais de apps do Brasil nos sistemas operacionais Android e iOS de novembro de 2021 a março de 2022, com uma atualização em março de 2024. A busca baseou-se nos padrões de revisão sistemática (PRISMA), utilizando palavras-chaves pré-definidas, incluindo apps em português, gratuitos e disponíveis para uso durante a busca. Três revisores independentes analisaram os apps usando a escala de cinco pontos MARS (Mobile App Rating Scale), e também quanto à presença de ferramentas e conteúdos sobre controle da hipertensão. Resultados Cinquenta e seis apps preencheram os critérios para extração dos dados. A ferramenta mais prevalente foi o registro dos valores da PA (98%). A ferramenta para adesão aos medicamentos e lembretes para seu uso esteve presente em somente 29% e 34% dos apps, respectivamente. A média do escore MARS foi 3,4 ± 0,74 e 3,1 ± 0,61 para os apps do sistema Android e do sistema iOS, respectivamente. O item mais bem avaliado foi “funcionalidade” tanto para os apps Android como iOS. Conclusão O presente estudo identificou vários apps de qualidade aceitável direcionados ao monitoramento da PA. Contudo, a maioria deles não incluíam fatores importantes relacionados ao controle da doença particularmente em relação à adesão ao tratamento, atividade física e presença de comorbidades.

Abstract Background Several mobile applications have been developed to assist in managing hypertension, but little is known about their quality in the Brazilian scenario. Objective To identify and analyze the quality of the apps targeting blood pressure (BP) management available in Portuguese. Methods A systematic search was carried out through Brazilian virtual app stores in the Android and iOS platforms from November 2021 to March 2022, with an update in March 2024. The search was based on the standards of systematic review (PRISMA), using predefined keywords, including apps in Portuguese, free and available for use during the search. Three independent reviewers analyzed the apps using the five-point Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS), and for the presence of tools/content related to the BP control. Results Fifty-six applications met the criteria for data extraction. The most prevalent tool was the recording of BP values (98%). The tool for adherence to medication and reminders to their use was present in only 29% and 34% of the APPs, respectively. The mean overall MARS score was 3.4 ± 0.74 and 3.1 ± 0.61 for Android and iOS APPs, respectively, which classified then as acceptable. The best rated item was “functionality” for both Android and iOS apps. Conclusion The present study identified numerous apps with acceptable quality aimed at monitoring BP. However, most of them did not include important factors related to disease control, particularly regarding treatment adherence, physical activity and presence of comorbidities.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that isometric exercise training reduces systolic blood pressure by approximately 8 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure by approximately 4 mmHg in both normotensive and hypertensive individuals. However, the prescription of isometric exercises can be based on the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) or heart rate (HR) obtained during the maximal incremental isometry test. The reliability and agreement of this test have not been assessed. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the reliability and agreement indicators of HR and RPE during isometric wall squat incremental tests. DESIGN AND SETTING: A reliability and agreement study was conducted at Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. METHODS: Twenty-eight healthy subjects (54% men, 26 ± 5 years) performed two isometric wall squat incremental tests. The test began with a knee joint angle of 135° (knee and leg) progressively reduced by 10° at each stage. Each stage lasts 2 minutes or until voluntary exhaustion. The HR and RPE were obtained during the tests. Reliability and agreement were established using test-retest (paired t-test or Wilcoxon test), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), coefficient of variation (CV), and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: The HR and RPE increased significantly during both tests. The HR and RPE at each stage were similar between the two test sessions (P > 0.05). Both HRmax (ICC: 0.695, P = 0.002, SEM = 8.1 bpm and CV = 5.8%) and RPEmax (ICC: 0.525, P = 0.036, SEM = 0.4 and CV = 3.6%) presented similar reliability indicators, and no statistically significant differences were obtained between the two test sessions (P > 0.05). The Bland-Altman plots indicated good agreement between HRmax and RPEmax. CONCLUSION: HR and RPE showed similar reliability and agreement during the isometric wall squat incremental test.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the association between changes in physical activity and depression in 1,950 Brazilians. Methods This follow-up study included 1,950 Brazilians, aged ≥18 years, of both sexes, who participated in a health screening initiative between 2008 and 2022. Physical activity levels were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire at baseline and follow-up, and groups related to changes in physical activity were created. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory. Clinical data and behavioral profiles were also analyzed. Comparative and logistic regression models were used. Results The multivariate analysis demonstrated that persistently active individuals had reduced depression (odds ratio [OR], 0.70, 95%CI= 0.55-0.91, p=0.006). Individuals who became active and those who became less active were not associated with a reduction in depression (respectively, OR= 0.81, 95%CI= 0.63-1.05, p=0.109 and OR= 1.11, 95%CI= 0.82-1.51, p=0.481). Conclusion Persistent activity was an independent, strong protective factor against depression in 1,950 Brazilians. Furthermore, becoming active or less active was not associated with depression in the same population.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the association between the time spent in sedentary behavior and physical activity of different intensities with cardiovascular health in men and women with peripheral artery disease. Methods: Two hundred and sixty patients with peripheral artery disease and claudication symptoms (65.7% men; 66±1 years; ankle brachial index 0.57±0.18) were evaluated. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were assessed using an accelerometer. Physical activity was classified into light and moderate-vigorous intensities. The cardiovascular outcomes included blood pressure (oscillometric method), cardiac autonomic modulation (heart rate variability), and arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity). Results: Women spent more time engaged in light physical activity than men (341±14 min/day versus 306±9 min/day; p=0.040, respectively). There was no significant difference in the time spent on sedentary behavior and moderate-vigorous physical activity. Women had a higher systolic blood pressure (p=0.025), higher augmentation index (p<0.001), and lower sympathovagal balance (p=0.047) than men. Pulse wave velocity was only negatively associated with light physical activity (β= -4.66; 95%CI= -8.57; -0.76) in men. Light and moderate-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior were not associated with other cardiovascular outcomes. Conclusion: Higher levels of light physical activity were associated with lower arterial stiffness in men with peripheral artery disease.

Abstract To assess the intrarater reliability and agreement of blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness, and heart rate variability (HRV) assessments in patients with Parkinson`s disease (PD). Twenty patients with PD visited the laboratory three times, during which brachial and central BP (auscultatory and applanation tonometry, respectively), arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index), and HRV assessments were performed at rest. Brachial and central systolic BP presented greater values on visit 1 when compared to visits 2 and 3 (122±13 vs. 116±16 vs. 120±15, p=0.029). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the experimental visits for other parameters. Brachial and central BP showed an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) above 0.842 and a standard error of measurement (SEM) lower than 5.0%. Bland–Altman plots indicated low agreement between visits 1 and 2 and good agreement between visits 2 and 3. Arterial stiffness indices exhibited ICC values between 0.781 and 0.886, and SEM ranged from 7.3% to 25.2%. Bland–Altman plots indicated moderate to good agreement among visits for arterial stiffness parameters. HRV indices presented ICC values ranging from 0.558 to 0.854 and SEM values ranging from 5.1% to 76.0%. Bland–Altman plots indicated moderate agreement among visits for HRV parameters. In PD patients, brachial and central BP present low intrarater reliability and agreement between visits 1 and 2 and good intrarater reliability and agreement between visits 2 and 3. In general, arterial stiffness and HRV assessments present acceptable intrarater reliability and agreement among visits, except for cardiac sympathovagal balance.

Resumo Avaliar a confiabilidade e a concordância intra-avaliador das avaliações da pressão arterial (PA), rigidez arterial e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em pacientes com doença de Parkinson (DP). Vinte pacientes com DP realizaram três visitas ao laboratório, durante as quais foram realizadas avaliações da PA braquial e central (tonometria de aplanação e auscultatório, respectivamente), rigidez arterial (velocidade da onda de pulso carotídeo-femoral e índice de aumento) e VFC em repouso. A PA sistólica braquial e central apresentou valores maiores na visita 1 quando comparada às visitas 2 e 3 (122±13 vs. 116±16 vs. 120±15, p=0,029). Não houve diferenças significativas (p>0,05) entre as visitas experimentais para outros parâmetros. A PA braquial e central apresentou um coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) acima de 0,842 e um erro padrão de medida (EPM) menor que 5,0%. Os gráficos de Bland–Altman indicaram baixa concordância entre as visitas 1 e 2 e boa concordância entre as visitas 2 e 3. Os índices de rigidez arterial exibiram valores de CCI entre 0,781 e 0,886, e o EPM variou de 7,3% a 25,2%. Os gráficos de Bland–Altman indicaram concordância moderada a boa entre as visitas para os parâmetros de rigidez arterial. Os índices de VFC apresentaram valores de CCI variando de 0,558 a 0,854 e valores de EPM que variam de 5,1% a 76,0%. Os gráficos de Bland–Altman indicaram concordância moderada entre as visitas para os parâmetros de VFC. Em pacientes com DP, a PA braquial e central apresenta baixa confiabilidade intra-avaliador e concordância entre as visitas 1 e 2 e boa confiabilidade intra-avaliador e concordância entre as visitas 2 e 3. Em geral, as avaliações de rigidez arterial e VFC apresentam confiabilidade intra-avaliador e concordância aceitáveis entre as visitas, exceto para o equilíbrio simpático-vagal cardíaco.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study analyzed the impact of sex on self-reported health and lifestyle parameters in peripheral artery disease patients at two periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In this longitudinal study, 99 patients with peripheral artery disease (53 men and 46 women) were evaluated during two periods of the COVID-19 pandemic ( i.e ., at onset: May to August 2020, and on follow-up: May to August 2021). Patients were interviewed via telephone, and information regarding lifestyle and health parameters was obtained. Results: At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, health and habit parameters were similar between women and men, with 63.0% and 45.3% indicating frequent fatigue, 73.9% and 84.9% reporting increased sitting time, and 23.9% and 39.6% practicing physical activity, respectively. At follow-up, difficulties in physical mobility (women: from 26.1% to 73.9%, p<0.001; men: from 39.6% to 71.7%, p=0.001) and the frequency of hospitalization for reasons other than COVID-19 increased similarly in women and men (women: from 4.3% to 21.7%, p=0.013; men: from 9.4% to 24.5%, p=0.038). The other parameters were similar between the periods. Conclusion: Self-reported physical mobility difficulties and hospitalization frequency increased in women and men with peripheral artery disease.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between physical activity levels and lower urinary tract symptoms in 20,732 Brazilian men. Methods: This cohort study included 20,732 men of ≥40 years of age, who participated in health screening between January 2008 and December 2018. Standardized health data (anthropometric, laboratory, clinical, and lifestyle data) were collected. A logistic regression model was used to examine associations based on the occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms. Results: Depressive symptoms (p<0.001), age (p<0.001), erectile dysfunction (p<0.001), and total prostate-specific antigens (p<0.001) were associated with higher odds of lower urinary tract symptoms in men, after adjusting the other factors. However, physical activity levels were associated with lower odds of developing lower urinary tract symptoms (low active, p<0.001; active, p=0.002; and high active, p=0.005). Conclusion: All physical activity levels were associated with lower odds of lower urinary tract symptoms in 20,732 Brazilian men.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between depression and erectile dysfunction while controlling for sociodemographic, physical health, psychological, and lifestyle factors. Additionally, it aimed to compare erectile dysfunction with other clinical, laboratory, and behavioral variables among individuals with depression in the same population. Methods: We included 21,139 men (≥40 years) who underwent continuous health screening in a quaternary hospital in São Paulo between January 2008 and December 2018. The analysis included laboratory, clinical, and behavioral profile data. Results: The multivariate model indicated that alcohol consumption, perceived stress, lower urinary tract symptoms, erectile dysfunction, body mass index, and triglyceride levels were independent and strong factors associated with depression in men. Additionally, higher levels of physical activity were found to be an independent and strong factor associated with reduced odds of depression in men (all p<0.001). Additionally, depressed men had a higher body mass index (28.50±4.35 versus 27.65±3.93kg/m², p=0.003), and increased prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus , lower urinary tract symptoms, metabolic syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver, sedentary physical activity levels, active tobacco use, risk of alcohol consumption, and perceived stress. Conclusion: Erectile dysfunction was an independent and strong factor associated with depression in Brazilian men, highlighting the need for integrated treatment approaches addressing both conditions.

ABSTRACT Objective Peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), anaerobic threshold, walking economy, and cardiovascular responses during walking are used to guide and monitor walking training in patients with peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication. Women with peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication present greater impairments than men, and evaluating training markers according to sex for decisions regarding walking prescription in this population is important. This study aimed to compare VO2peak, walking economy, anaerobic threshold, and cardiovascular responses during walking in men and women with peripheral artery disease and intermittent claudication. Methods Forty patients (20 men and 20 women with similar baseline characteristics) underwent a cardiopulmonary treadmill test (3.2km/h and 2% increase in slope every 2 minutes until maximal leg pain). The VO2 and rate-pressure product were assessed. Data from men and women were compared using t-tests. Results There were no significant differences between men and women (VO2peak: 15.0±4.8 versus 13.9±2.9mL∙kg-1∙min-1, p=0.38; walking economy: 9.6±2.7 versus 8.4±1.6mL∙kg-1∙min-1, p=0.09; anaerobic threshold: 10.5±3.2 versus 10.5±2.2mL∙kg-1∙min-1, p=0.98; rate pressure product at 1st stage: 13,465± 2,910 versus 14,445±4,379bpm∙mmHg, p=0.41; and rate pressure product at anaerobic threshold:13,673±3,100 versus 16,390±5,870bpm∙mmHg, p=0.08 and rate pressure product at peak exercise: 21,253±6,141 versus 21,923±7,414bpm∙mmHg, p=0.76, respectively). Conclusion Men and women with peripheral artery disease and similar baseline characteristics presented similar responses to walking, suggesting that decisions regarding walking prescription and monitoring can be made regardless of sex in this specific population.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar el efecto de la estimulación eléctrica transcutánea del nervio vago (EETNV) sobre la inflamación, la modulación autonómica cardíaca y la evolución clínica de pacientes con COVID-19. Se trata de un ensayo clínico, controlado por simulado, aleatorizado y ciego, en el que participarán 52 individuos hospitalizados diagnosticados de COVID-19, que serán aleatorizados en dos grupos de tratamiento: grupo experimental (tratamiento médico habitual asociado a la EETNV activa) o grupo control (tratamiento médico habitual asociado a la EETNV simulada). La EETNV se realizará mediante un estimulador eléctrico neuromuscular (modelo Dualpex 071 de Quark Medical Products), con el electrodo de estimulación colocado en el trago izquierdo, con corriente alterna, frecuencia de 30Hz y 50% de variación, intensidad ajustada al umbral sensorial del paciente, con una duración de 90 minutos cada sesión de estimulación, dos veces al día, durante siete días consecutivos, lo que totaliza 14 sesiones. Se evaluarán antes y después de la intervención la interleucina-6 (IL-6) y la interleucina-10 (IL-10), el cortisol y la proteína C reactiva (PCR), la presión arterial, la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca por los parámetros de baja frecuencia (BF), alta frecuencia (AF) y razón de baja y alta frecuencia (BF/AF), así como la evolución clínica de los pacientes, incluidos los parámetros de ansiedad y depresión cuyos datos se obtendrán de historias clínicas y cuestionarios. También se realizará un seguimiento de 7 y 14 días tras finalizadas las intervenciones para verificar la evolución clínica, incluidos el nivel de ansiedad y de depresión, y durante seis meses se evaluará la memoria y la atención. (EETNV inflamación COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 clínico simulado ciego 5 COVID19, 19, tratamiento activa simulada. simulada . simulada) modelo 07 Products, Products , Products) izquierdo alterna Hz 50 variación paciente 9 día consecutivos 1 sesiones interleucina6 interleucina 6 interleucina- IL6 IL (IL-6 interleucina10 10 interleucina-1 IL10, IL10 (IL-10) PCR, PCR (PCR) arterial BF, BF (BF) AF (AF BF/AF, BFAF BF/AF (BF/AF) cuestionarios atención COVID1 COVID-1 0 (IL- interleucina1 IL1 (IL-10 (PCR (BF (BF/AF COVID- (IL (IL-1

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o efeito da estimulação elétrica transcutânea do nervo vago (EETNV) na inflamação, modulação autonômica cardíaca e evolução clínica dos pacientes com COVID-19. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico, controlado por sham, randomizado e cego, no qual participarão 52 indivíduos hospitalizados com diagnóstico de COVID-19, que serão randomizados em dois grupos de tratamento: grupo experimental (tratamento médico usual associado à EETNV ativa) ou grupo-controle (tratamento médico usual associado à EETNV sham). A EETNV será realizada por meio de um estimulador elétrico neuromuscular (modelo Dualpex 071 da Quark Medical Products), com o eletrodo de estimulação posicionado sobre o tragus esquerdo, com corrente alternada, frequência de 30Hz e variação de 50%, intensidade ajustada para o limiar sensorial do paciente, com duração de 90 minutos cada sessão de estimulação, duas vezes ao dia, durante sete dias consecutivos, totalizando 14 sessões. Serão avaliados pré e pós-intervenção o nível de interleucina-6 (IL-6) e interleucina-10 (IL-10), cortisol e proteína C reativa (PCR), pressão arterial, variabilidade da frequência cardíaca pelos parâmetros de baixa frequência (BF), alta frequência (AF) e pela razão da baixa e alta frequência (BF/AF), além de evolução clínica dos pacientes, incluindo o nível de ansiedade e depressão, cujos dados serão obtidos por meio de prontuários e questionários. Será realizado também um acompanhamento 7 e 14 dias após o término das intervenções para verificar a evolução clínica, incluindo nível de ansiedade e depressão, e durante seis meses serão avaliadas memória e atenção. (EETNV inflamação COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 COVID-19 Tratase Trata se clínico sham cego 5 COVID19, 19, tratamento ativa grupocontrole controle sham. . sham) modelo 07 Products, Products , Products) esquerdo alternada Hz 50 50% paciente 9 dia consecutivos 1 sessões pósintervenção pós intervenção interleucina6 interleucina 6 interleucina- IL6 IL (IL-6 interleucina10 10 interleucina-1 IL10, IL10 (IL-10) PCR, PCR (PCR) arterial BF, BF (BF) AF (AF BF/AF, BFAF BF/AF (BF/AF) depressão questionários atenção COVID1 COVID-1 0 (IL- interleucina1 IL1 (IL-10 (PCR (BF (BF/AF COVID- (IL (IL-1

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the effect of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on inflammation, cardiac autonomic modulation, and clinical evolution of patients with COVID-19. This is a clinical, sham-controlled, randomized, and blind trial, in which 52 hospitalized individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 will participate. They will be randomized into: experimental group (usual medical treatment associated with active taVNS) and control group (usual medical treatment associated with sham taVNS). The taVNS will be performed by a neuromuscular electric stimulator (Dualpex model 071 of Quark Medical Products), with the stimulation electrode positioned on the left tragus, with alternating current, at a 30Hz frequency with 50% variation. Intensity will be adjusted to the patient’s sensory threshold, with 90-minutes-long stimulation sessions, happening twice per day for seven consecutive days, totaling 14 sessions. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), cortisol and C-reactive protein (CRP), blood pressure, heart rate variability (HRV) by low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and low and high frequency ratio (LF/HF) parameters will be evaluated before and after the intervention, as well as patients’ clinical evolution-including anxiety and depression levels-whose data will be obtained through medical records and questionnaires. A follow-up will also be performed seven and 14 days after the end of the interventions to verify the clinical evolution, including anxiety and depression levels. Memory and attention levels will be evaluated for six months. (taVNS inflammation modulation COVID19. COVID19 COVID 19. 19 shamcontrolled, shamcontrolled controlled, controlled sham-controlled trial 5 COVID-1 participate into usual taVNS. . Dualpex 07 Products, Products , Products) tragus current Hz 50 variation patient s threshold 90minuteslong minuteslong 90 minutes long sessions 1 Interleukin6 Interleukin 6 Interleukin- IL6 IL (IL-6 interleukin10 interleukin 10 interleukin-1 IL10, IL10 (IL-10) Creactive C reactive CRP, CRP (CRP) pressure HRV (HRV LF, LF (LF) HF (HF LF/HF LFHF (LF/HF intervention evolutionincluding levelswhose whose questionnaires followup follow up months COVID1 COVID- 0 9 (IL- interleukin1 interleukin- IL1 (IL-10 (CRP (LF (IL (IL-1

Abstract BACKGROUND: Sitting time, screen time and low physical activity (PA) levels have been associated with several diseases and all-cause mortality. PA is related to better sleep quality and absence of daytime sleepiness, along with lower risks of obstructive syndrome apnea (OSA). However, studies on the relationship between sitting time, screen time and OSA are scarce in the literature. OBJECTIVE: To analyze associations between PA levels, sitting time, screen time and OSA among adults with suspected sleep disorder. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. METHODS: Data were collected from 369 adults with suspected sleep disorders who visited the hospital’s neurophysiology clinic between August 2015 and January 2017. RESULTS: Correlations between hypopnea and PA indicators were demonstrated for total sitting time (0.123; P = 0.019) and total screen time (0.108; P = 0.038). There was also a correlation between latency for rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM_LAT) and total sitting time (0.103; P = 0.047) and a negative correlation between mean oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO_Avg) and total PA time (-0.103; P = 0.048). There were no associations between PA parameters and apnea-hypopnea index. After adjusting for confounding factors (body mass index, age and gender), sitting time and screen time were not associated with OSA. CONCLUSION: After adjusting for anthropometric and clinical factors, excessive sitting time or screen time was not associated with OSA in adults suspected of sleep disorders. Age, gender, hypertension, body mass index and waist circumference were associated with OSA.

RESUMO A inatividade física está associada à baixa variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) em adolescentes. Entretanto, não está claro se o número de aulas de Educação Física (EF) causa impacto na VFC. Este estudo transversal verificou a associação entre a frequência das aulas de EF com parâmetros de VFC em adolescentes do sexo masculino. Foram incluídos 1.152 meninos (16,6 ± 1,2 anos). A quantidade de aulas de EF foi avaliada através de questionário e os adolescentes foram estratificados de acordo (nenhuma aula de EF; uma aula de EF / sem; ≥2 aulas de EF / sem). Os domínios do tempo (SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50) e da frequência (LF, HF, balanço simpático-vagal) da VFC foram obtidos. Modelos Lineares Generalizados foram usados para comparar os parâmetros da VFC de acordo com a quantidade de aulas de EF, ajustando para fatores de confusão. Não houve diferença nas medidas de VFC de tempo: (SDNN, p = 0,77; RMSSD, p = 0,72; PNN50, p = 0,83) e frequência (LF, p = 0,61; HF, p = 0,61; balanço simpatovagal, p = 0,60) entre as diferentes frequências das aulas de EF. A frequência das aulas de EF não está associada aos parâmetros de VFC de adolescentes do sexo masculino.

ABSTRACT Physical inactivity is associated with low heart rate variability (HRV) in adolescents. However, whether the number of physical education (PE) classes impact HRV remains unclear. This cross-sectional study verified the association between the frequency of PE classes and HRV parameters in male adolescents. This study included 1152 boys (16.6 ± 1.2 years). The quantity of PE classes was assessed though questionnaire and the adolescents were stratified accordingly (no PE class; one PE class/wk; ≥2 PE classes/wk). Time- (SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50) and frequency-domains (LF, HF, sympathovagal balance) of HRV were obtained. Generalized Linear Models were used for comparing the HRV parameters according to the quantity of PE classes, adjusting for confounders. There was no difference in HRV measures of time: (SDNN, p = 0.77; RMSSD, p=0.72; PNN50, p=0.83) and frequency (LF, p=0.61; HF, p=0.61; sympathovagal balance, p=0.60) between the different frequencies of PE classes. The frequency of PE classes in not associated with HRV parameters of male adolescents.

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the association of changes on physical activity levels during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak of individuals with normal weight and overweight/obesity, and the influence of sex in this relationship. Methods This cross-sectional study (survey research) was conducted in Brazil between May 5 and May 17, 2020. Participants (n=1,828 / 1,062 women >18 years) were invited through social media to answer a structured questionnaire via Google Forms. The online assessment included self-reported responses to questions on physical activity, overall health, weight, and height. Binary logistic regression analyzed the relationship between overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25kg/m2), the impact of COVID-19 on physical activity level, and the influence of sex. Results Compared to normal weight people, those with overweight/obesity practice less moderate to vigorous physical activity (p<0.001). There were associations between women and men with overweight/obesity and the impact of COVID-19 on the physical activity practice compared to normal weight people, adjusted by age, education level, social isolation, and previous physical activity level (p<0.017). Conclusion The study found an association of weight and changes in physical activity levels. Individuals with overweight/obesity were more likely to have a lower physical activity level during COVID-19 pandemic, regardless of sex.

Resumo Fundamento: Estudos transversais anteriores demonstraram que a atividade física está associada a menor risco cardiovascular em pacientes com doença arterial periférica (DAP). No entanto, não é possível estabelecer causalidade e estudos com desenho longitudinal são necessários. Objetivo: Analisar as alterações nos parâmetros de risco cardiovascular e níveis de atividade física após 2 anos de acompanhamento em pacientes com DAP sintomática. Métodos: O presente estudo teve início em 2015. Na primeira fase, foram incluídos 268 pacientes. Na segunda fase, após 2 anos (mediana = 26 meses), foram reavaliados 72 pacientes. Parâmetros de risco cardiovascular, como pressão arterial, modulação autonômica cardíaca e rigidez arterial, e níveis de atividade física foram medidos na linha de base e após 2 anos de acompanhamento. A associação entre as alterações delta (valores após 2 anos – valores da linha de base) na atividade física e nos parâmetros cardiovasculares foi analisada por meio de regressão linear múltipla. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em p < 0,05 com DAP. Resultados: Pacientes reduziram seus níveis totais de atividade física em comparação com a linha de base (linha de base = 2.257,6 ± 774,5 versus acompanhamento = 2.041 ± 676,2 min/semana, p = 0,001). Após o acompanhamento, o índice tornozelo-braquial (0,62 ± 0,20 versus 0,54 ± 0,20, p = 0,003) e o desvio padrão de todos os intervalos RR (43,4 ± 27,0 versus 25,1 ± 13,4 ms, p < 0,001) foram menores, enquanto a velocidade da onda de pulso carotídeo-femoral foi maior (9,0 ± 3,0 versus 10,7 ± 3,4 m/s, p = 0,002) em relação aos valores basais. Não observamos associação entre os valores delta dos níveis de atividade física e os parâmetros de risco cardiovascular. Conclusão: Pacientes com DAP tiveram níveis reduzidos de atividade física e comprometimento em relação aos parâmetros de risco cardiovascular após 2 anos de acompanhamento.

Background: Previous cross-sectional studies have demonstrated that physical activity is associated with lower cardiovascular risk in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, it is not possible to establish causality, and longitudinal design studies are required. Objective: To analyze the changes in cardiovascular risk parameters and physical activity levels after a 2-year follow-up in patients with symptomatic PAD. Methods: This study started in 2015. In the first phase, 268 patients were included. In the second phase, after 2 years (median = 26 months), 72 patients were re-evaluated. Cardiovascular risk parameters, such as blood pressure, cardiac autonomic modulation, and arterial stiffness, and physical activity levels were measured at baseline and after 2 years of follow-up. Association among delta changes (values from follow-up – baseline) in physical activity and cardiovascular parameters were analyzed by multiple linear regression. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: Patients reduced their total physical activity levels compared to baseline (baseline = 2257.6 ± 774.5 versus follow-up = 2041 ± 676.2 min/week, p = 0.001). After follow-up, ankle-brachial index (0.62 ± 0.20 versus 0.54 ± 0.20, p = 0.003), and standard deviation of all RR intervals (43.4 ± 27.0 versus 25.1 ± 13.4 ms, p < 0.001) were lower, whereas carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was higher (9.0 ± 3.0 versus 10.7 ± 3.4 m/s, p = 0.002) compared to baseline values. We did not observe any association among delta values of physical activity levels and cardiovascular risk parameters. Conclusion: Patients with PAD had reduced physical activity levels and impaired cardiovascular risk parameters during 2-year follow-up.