RESUMO: Este trabalho apresenta a resposta dinâmica de uma eclusa submetida à componente horizontal S0E do terremoto ocorrido em El Centro, para os casos de câmara de água vazia e completamente cheia, por meio de uma análise acoplada fluido-estrutura. Inicialmente, estudou-se a eclusa de forma aproximada, considerando-a semelhante ao caso de um pistão duplo acoplado a uma cavidade acústica bidimensional (tanque), que representa um modelo analítico simplificado do problema fluido-estrutura. Esta formulação analítica pode ser comparada com resultados numéricos, com vistas a qualificar as respostas do problema final a ser investigado. Em todas as análises realizadas, o modelamento e as simulações numéricas foram feitos pelo método dos elementos finitos (MEF), com apoio do software comercial ANSYS.

ABSTRACT: This work presents the dynamic response of a lock subjected to the horizontal S0E component of the El Centro earthquake for empty and completely filled water chamber cases, by coupled fluid-structure analysis. Initially, the lock was studied by approximation, considering it similar to the case of a double piston coupled to a two-dimensional acoustic cavity (tank), representing a simplified analytical model of the fluid-structure problem. This analytical formulation can be compared with numerical results, in order to qualify the responses of the ultimate problem to be investigated. In all the analyses performed, modeling and numerical simulations were done using the finite element method (FEM), supported by the commercial software ANSYS.

RESUMO: Estudou-se numericamente o comportamento estrutural resultante de reações álcali-agregado em blocos sobre quatro estacas utilizando software baseado em Método dos Elementos Finitos. Analisou-se a fissuração considerando taxas de reduções nas propriedades mecânicas do concreto (resistência à compressão, resistência à tração e módulo de elasticidade) consequentes da expansão induzida pela reação álcali-agregado (RAA), existentes na literatura. Uma opção para lidar com as mudanças nas propriedades mecânicas, relatadas como influenciadas pelo tipo de agregado reativo, pelas condições ambientais e pelo estado de tensão consiste em usar diretamente o valor das propriedades do material testado na análise, abordagem que foi adotada na pesquisa e implementada no programa de análise. A partir dos resultados encontrados foi possível compreender melhor os três principais efeitos da RAA: expansão, fissuração e degradação das propriedades mecânicas do concreto.

ABSTRACT: The structural behavior resulting from alkali-aggregate reactions on four-pile caps was numerically studied using software based on the Finite Element Method. The cracking was analyzed in terms of reduction rates in the mechanical properties of the concrete (compressive strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity) as a consequence of the expansion induced by the alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) referred to in the literature. One option for dealing with changes in mechanical properties, reported as influenced by the reactive aggregate type, environmental conditions and stress state, is to directly use the value of the properties of the material tested in the analysis, an approach adopted in the study and implemented in the analysis. From the results found in the analysis program the three main effects of AAR could be better understood: expansion, cracking and degradation of mechanical properties of concrete.

Resumo A segurança de uma barragem é resultante de uma série de fatores, dentre os quais podem ser citados aspectos estruturais, geotécnicos, hidráulicos, operacionais e ambientais. No Brasil, a Lei nº 12.334 de setembro de 2010 estabelece a Política Nacional de Segurança de Barragens. A instrumentação compõe um conjunto de dispositivos instalados nas barragens, que são utilizados para avaliar o seu comportamento estrutural a partir de parâmetros de desempenho da estrutura, tais como deslocamentos, vazões, tensões, inclinações e outros. Procedimentos de auscultação de barragens, historicamente, tem sido realizado desde a década de 50, conforme a literatura. Desde então, houve avanços significativos na instrumentação e nos métodos de auscultação de barragens. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma abordagem teórica sobre aspectos técnico-científicos de barragens no Brasil, fundamentada numa revisão de literatura no estado da arte, envolvendo auscultação de barragens no contexto de normas, conceitos, instrumentação, segurança, procedimentos e métodos de monitoramento.

Abstract The safety of a dam is the result of a series of factors, including structural, geotechnical, hydraulic, operational and environmental aspects. In Brazil, Law No. 12.334 of September 2010 establishes the National Dam Safety Policy, which requires safety reports and monitoring inspections for existing dams. The inspection comprises a set of devices installed on the dam, which are used to assess the structural behavior based on performance parameters of the structure, such as displacements, flows, stresses, slopes and others. Dam auscultation procedures, historically, have been performed since the 1950s. Since then, there have been significant advances in instrumentation and dam auscultation methods. This work presents a theoretical approach on technical and scientific aspects of dams in Brazil, based on a state-of-the-art literature review, involving auscultation of dams in the context of design codes, concepts, instrumentation, safety, procedures and monitoring methods.

resumo: Neste trabalho foi feita uma análise numérica de pilares-parede de concreto armado com seção transversal retangular. Foram feitas simulações numéricas de 1.440 casos, onde cada caso foi simulado com o modelo de barra única, com o modelo de barras isoladas e com o modelo de malha, além disso, foram feitas simulações em modelos 3D. Para a validação dos modelos 3D e modelos de barra foram feitas comparações entre as simulações e resultados experimentais de 24 pilares de concreto armado. Foram analisados os efeitos de segunda ordem no momento vertical na extremidade do pilar-parede (efeitos localizados de segunda ordem) e também os valores dos momentos horizontais ao longo do comprimento da seção transversal no modelo com malha. Após as simulações numéricas foram feitas análises dos efeitos de segunda ordem no momento fletor ao longo da altura dos pilares-parede e dos momentos fletores na direção do comprimento da seção, observando as influências das principais variáveis que determinam o comportamento dos pilares-parede a relação entre as dimensões da seção transversal, a esbelteza e os esforços solicitantes (esforço normal e momento fletor em torno do eixo de maior inércia).

abstract: This study addresses a numerical analysis of reinforced concrete columns in which the lengths are significantly larger than their widths with a rectangular cross section. Numerical simulations of 1,440 cases were performed, each case simulated with the single bar model, isolated bar model and mesh model, in addition, 3D model simulations were carried out. For the validation of 3D models and bar models, comparisons were made between the numerical simulation e experimental results of 24 reinforced concrete columns. Second order effects were analyzed on the vertical moment at the edge of the columns in which the lengths are significantly larger than the widths (localized second-order effects) and also the values of the horizontal moments along the cross sectional length in the mesh model. Influences of the main variables were observed influencing the behavior of the columns in which the lengths are significantly larger than their widths: the ratio between the cross sectional dimensions, the slenderness and the stresses (normal stress and bending moment around the axis of greatest inertia).

Abstract This paper presents some recent advances on the numerical solution of the classical Germain-Lagrange equation for plate bending of thin elastic plates. A meshless strategy using the Generalized Finite Difference Method (GFDM) is proposed upon substitution of the original fourth-order differential equation by a system composed of two second-order partial differential equations. Mixed boundary conditions, variable nodal density and curved contours are some of the explored aspects. Simulations using very dense clouds and parallel processing scheme for efficient neighbor selection are also presented. Numerical experiments are performed for arbitrary plates and compared with analytical and Finite Element Method solutions. Finally, an overview of the procedure is presented, including a discussion of some future development.

Abstract The dynamic behavior of cylindrical shells is essential in many practical applications. These include in-vacuum and coupled vibrations of structures with contained fluids. Closed-form solutions are extremely complex since they involve many terms and algebraic operations that require numerical solvers. In this work, a simplified closed-form solution for the free vibration analysis of an empty or filled with an inviscid and incompressible fluid cylindrical tank is presented. The proposed analytical method is developed for a simply supported cylindrical shell, based on an energy formulation obtained with variational calculus, and provides explicit expressions for natural frequencies, which can be easily programmed in a spreadsheet. The fluid is represented by an acoustic cavity, modeled by the wave equation, and the fluid-structure interaction is reduced to an added mass of fluid in the uncoupled shell equations of motion. A finite element model was built using ANSYS software to validate the proposed procedure. The natural frequencies and mode shapes were studied, and the results obtained are consistent with analytical, numerical and experimental results.

Abstract In this paper soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects are investigated while an array of Pressurized Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (PTLCD) is employed for seismic vibration control of buildings. This device represents the most general case of a passive damper, with different reduction options to other control devices obtained by simplifying the involved parameters. Soil conditions considerably affect the control device functioning, because dynamic parameters such as natural frequency, damping factor, and natural modes depend on the soil properties. A simplified mathematical model is developed for the building with multiple degrees of freedom connected to a flexible base. For the time-domain analysis, a computational routine is developed for the linearization of the equilibrium equations of the PTLCD, as well as details for the reduction to the other types of passive dampers. Several numerical examples are selected for the analysis of the damper efficiency in reducing seismic vibration considering SSI. These simulations include Kobe earthquake data, which is applied to the model to evaluate the device performance under different scenarios. It is verified the influence of SSI in the natural frequency and structural response, which is related to the earthquake frequency components. Results confirm that the array of PTLCD’s can reduce the vibration amplitudes, being more effective for soils with higher stiffness values.

Abstract This paper presents a review of current techniques employed for dynamic analysis of concrete gravity dams under seismic action. Traditional procedures applied in design bureaus, such as the Pseudo-Static method, often neglect structural dynamic properties, as well as ground amplification effects. A practical alternative arises with the Pseudo-Dynamic method, which considers a simplified spectrum response in the fundamental mode. The authors propose a self-contained development and detailed examples of this latter method, including a comparison with finite element models using transient response of fluid-structure systems. It is verified that application of the traditional procedure should be done carefully and limited to extremely rigid dams. On the other hand, the proposed development is straightforward and in agreement with finite element results for general cases where dam flexibility plays an important role.