Antimicrobial therapy may cause changes in the resident oral microbiota, with the increase of opportunistic pathogens. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of Candida, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae in the oral cavity of fifty patients undergoing antibiotic therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis and systemically healthy controls. Oral rinsing and subgingival samples were obtained, plated in Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol, mannitol agar and MacConkey agar, and incubated for 48 h at 37ºC. Candida spp. and coagulase-positive staphylococci were identified by phenotypic tests, C. dubliniensis, by multiplex PCR, and coagulase-negative staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas spp., by the API systems. The number of Candida spp. was significantly higher in tuberculosis patients, and C. albicans was the most prevalent specie. No significant differences in the prevalence of other microorganisms were observed. In conclusion, the antimicrobial therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis induced significant increase only in the amounts of Candida spp.

O objetivo deste estudo randomizado duplo-cego foi avaliar a presença de periodontopatógenos e o comportamento clínico de bolsas periodontais tratadas com raspagem e aplainamento radicular (RAR) associado à minociclina subgengival (MS). Foram incluídos no presente estudo 36 indivíduos de 26 a 60 anos de idade (40,7 ± 9,1), previamente diagnosticados com periodontite crônica. Dezoito indivíduos foram selecionados para o grupo teste (GT), tratado com RAR e MS (novo tratamento), e 18 indivíduos, para o grupo controle (GC), que recebeu RAR e veículo (tratamento convencional). Foram selecionados dois sítios homólogos em cada indivíduo com profundidade de sondagem (PS) > 6 mm para testar a hipótese proposta. Para avaliar o comportamento clínico após o tratamento, a mensuração da PS foi realizada inicialmente e após 90 dias. A avaliação microbiana foi realizada para detecção de 7 periodontopatógenos através de reação em cadeia da polimerase, inicialmente e após 30 e 120 dias. Observou-se redução média de 2,8 e 2,1 mm na PS nos grupos teste e controle, respectivamente. Inicialmente, P. gingivalis foi o microrganismo mais prevalente tanto no GT (65,8%) quanto no GC (48,6%). Após 120 dias, houve redução para 30,8% no GT e 23,1% no GC. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos em relação à PS (teste Wilcoxon - p > 0,05) e presença dos periodontopatógenos (teste Wilcoxon e qui-quadrado - p > 0,05 e teste do sinal - p > 0,01). Os resultados observados demonstraram que o novo tratamento foi tão efetivo quanto o tratamento convencional na redução de periodontopatógenos e de PS em indivíduos com periodontite crônica.

The aims of this double-blind randomized clinical trial were to evaluate the presence of periodontal pathogens and the clinical response of periodontal pockets treatment to scaling and root planing (SRP) associated with subgingival minocycline (SM). A total of 36 subjects, 26 to 60 years old (40.7 ± 9.1), who had been previously diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, were included in the present study. Eighteen subjects were selected for the test group (TG), who were treated with SRP plus SM (new treatment), and 18 subjects for the control group (CG) who received SRP plus vehicle (current treatment). Two homologous sites in each subject with a probing depth (PD) > 6 mm were chosen. To evaluate the clinical response after treatment, PD was measured at baseline and at 90 days. Microbiological evaluation was performed to detect 7 periodontal pathogens using polymerase chain reaction at baseline, 30, and 120 days. A mean reduction in PD of 2.8 and 2.1 mm was observed in the TG and CG, respectively. At baseline, P. gingivalis was the most prevalent organism in both test (65.8%) and control (48.6%) groups. After 120 days it fell to 30.8% in TG and to 23.1% in CG. There were no statistically significant differences between the test and control groups concerning PD (p > 0.05 by Wilcoxon test) or presence of periodontal pathogens (p > 0.05 by Wilcoxon and chi-square; p > 0.01 by Signal test). The results observed showed that the new treatment was as effective as the current treatment in reducing periodontal pathogens and PD among chronic periodontitis subjects.