Abstract: INTRODUCTION: The dengue classification proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2009 is considered more sensitive than the classification proposed by the WHO in 1997. However, no study has assessed the ability of the WHO 2009 classification to identify dengue deaths among autopsied individuals suspected of having dengue. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of the WHO 2009 classification to identify dengue deaths among autopsied individuals suspected of having dengue in Northeast Brazil, where the disease is endemic. METHODS: This retrospective study included 121 autopsied individuals suspected of having dengue in Northeast Brazil during the epidemics of 2011 and 2012. All the autopsied individuals included in this study were confirmed to have dengue based on the findings of laboratory examinations. RESULTS: The median age of the autopsied individuals was 34 years (range, 1 month to 93 years), and 54.5% of the individuals were males. According to the WHO 1997 classification, 9.1% (11/121) of the cases were classified as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and 3.3% (4/121) as dengue shock syndrome. The remaining 87.6% (106/121) of the cases were classified as dengue with complications. According to the 2009 classification, 100% (121/121) of the cases were classified as severe dengue. The absence of plasma leakage (58.5%) and platelet counts <100,000/mm3 (47.2%) were the most frequent reasons for the inability to classify cases as DHF. CONCLUSIONS: The WHO 2009 classification is more sensitive than the WHO 1997 classification for identifying dengue deaths among autopsied individuals suspected of having dengue.

RESUMO Objetivo Relatar a experiência da aplicação de material didático composto por catálogo com imagens macroscópicas e microscópicas, disponível em meio impresso e digital, acompanhado de coleções de lâminas, instrumento criado por alunos do mestrado e iniciação científica, focando a autonomia do aprendizado em Patologia Humana para os alunos da graduação. Métodos Foi elaborado um questionário para ser aplicado aos alunos, para avaliação de resultados alcançados pelo modelo criado, que será oferecido aos estudantes de diversos cursos que possuem a disciplina de Patologia Humana, oferecida na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC). O catálogo relata a história e evolução da doença de uma paciente com tuberculose sistêmica, suas manifestações clínicas, exames físicos e laboratoriais, além de achados de necropsia, com diferentes aspectos da resposta inflamatória. Resultados Os alunos que viveram esta experiência se manifestaram a favor da implantação da nova ferramenta como material didático da disciplina e sua manutenção nos laboratórios. Conclusão A inovação nas aulas é necessária, e este modelo surge como um material complementar para a melhoria e motivação das aulas práticas no tema proposto.

ABSTRACT Objective To reporting on the application of new teaching material composed of a catalog with macroscopic and microscopic images, available in print and digital media, accompanied by slides of collections. This instrument was created by Master’s and Scientific Initiation students, focusing on the undergraduate students’ autonomy in learning Human Pathology. Methods A questionnaire was developed to be administered to students to assess the results achieved by the new model, which will be available to students whose courses require attending Human Pathology classes at the Federal University of Ceará (UFC) Medical School. The catalog describes the history and evolution of the disease in a patient with systemic tuberculosis, its clinical manifestations, physical and laboratorial tests and autopsy findings, with different aspects of the inflammatory response. Results The students who assessed this model were in favor of its implementation as teaching material for Human Pathology classes and its maintenance in laboratories. Conclusion Innovation in classes is necessary and this model emerges as supplementary material for the improvement and motivation of practical classes on the proposed theme.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of preconditioning with oils mixes containing ω3/ω6/ω9 associated with micro-currents on skin repair in rats. METHODS: One-hundred and eight Wistar rats randomized into G-1, G-2 and G-3 groups were treated with saline (0.9%), mix 1 (corn+soybean oils) and mix 2 (olive+canola+flaxseed oils), respectively, in a single dose (0.01ml/g) by gavage. Next, each group was subdivided into sham and stimulated subgroups. Pulsed-wave microcurrents (0.5 µA, 0.5 Hz) were applied to stimulated subgroups for 20 min. One hour later anesthetized rats were subjected to surgery. A dorsal incision (6 cm long) was carried out and closed with interrupted nylon sutures. Samples (1cm2) were harvested from the mid-portion of the incision on the 7, 14, 21 post-operative (P.O.) days. Variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney/Dunn tests Significance level was set to 5 % (p<0.05). RESULTS: Micro-currents promoted increase of exudate and reduction of epithelialization on day 7 in G1 rats. Mixes 1/2 reduced vascularization on 7/14th days P.O. Both 1/2 mixes reduced fibrosis on day 14. Preconditioning with mix 1 led to increased expression of NF-kB on the 7th day. CONCLUSION: Preconditioning with microcurrents has pro-inflammatory effects while oil mixes 1 and 2 decrease fibrosis and vascularization in the proliferative phase of cicatrization.

Em algumas áreas endêmicas de leishmaniose tegumentar(LT) causada por Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis existem evidências de transmissão domiciliar, e de que cães infectados estariam associados a casos humanos de LT. Neste trabalho, são apresentados os resultados de um estudo realizado na Serra de Baturité, no Ceará, em 1993, quando foram investigadas as evidências de transmissão domiciliar e a associação entre LT humana e infecção canina. Casos humanos de LT foram indivíduos que apresentavam úlceras de bordas elevadas, arredondadas, de diâmetro > 5 mm, duração > 15 dias e uma Reação de Montenegro positiva. Cães soropositivos foram aqueles que apresentavam uma prova de imunofluorescência indireta positiva. A idade foi dividida em dois estratos, de 1 a 10 e 11 a 89 anos. A incidência de LT não estava associada ao sexo (Razão de Incidência (RI) = 1,21; IC 95%: 0,86 - 1,72) e nem à idade (RI = 1,38; IC 95%: 0,97 - 1,96). Para os indivíduos que conviviam com um ou mais cães soropositivos, a incidência de LT humana foi 45% mais elevada (RI = 1,45; IC 95%: 1,02 - 2,06) depois de ajustar para o sexo, e 48% (RI = 1,48%; IC 95%: 1,04 - 2,10) depois de ajustar para idade. Considerando-se o risco domiciliar, a incidência de LT humana foi duas vezes mais elevada (RI = 2,01; IC 95%:1,32 - 3,06) nos domicílios que possuíam um ou mais cães soropositivos. Conclui-se que os indivíduos foram acometidos de LT independente do sexo e da idade e que os casos humanos estavam associados à presença de cães infectados. Portanto, estes resultados suportam a hipótese de transmissão domiciliar da leishmaniose tegumentar na Serra de Baturité, no Ceará.

There is evidence of domestic transmission and infected dogs associated with human cases in some endemic areas for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL), associated with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. This paper presents the results of a study conducted in Serra de Baturité, State of Ceará, Brazil, aimed to gather evidence on the domestic transmission of cutaneous leishmaniais and the association between human and canine infection. Human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were defined as those with > 5 mm diameter round ulcers and raised borders, lasting at least 15 days and displaying a positive Montenegro skin test. Seropositive dogs were those with a positive indirect immunofluorescence assay. Age was classified into two strata, 1 to 10, and 11 to 89 years. The incidence of ACL was associated neither with gender (Incidence Rate (IR) = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.86-1.72), nor with age (IR=1.38; 95% CI: 0.97-1.96). The incidence of human ACL was 45% higher for those individuals living with seropositive dogs, (IR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.02-2.06), after adjustment for gender, and 48% higher (RI=1.45; 95% CI: 1.02-2.06), adjusting for age. Regarding the domestic risk, the incidence of human ACL was two-fold higher (IR=2.01; 95% CI: 1.32-3.06) in those households with one or more seropositive dogs. Humans were infected with L. (V) braziliensis regardless of gender and age, and infected dogs were associated with human ACL. Therefore, these results support the hypothesis of domestic/peridomestic transmission of L. (V) braziliensis.

Em algumas áreas endêmicas de leishmaniose tegumentar(LT) causada por Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis existem evidências de transmissão domiciliar, e de que cães infectados estariam associados a casos humanos de LT. Neste trabalho, são apresentados os resultados de um estudo realizado na Serra de Baturité, no Ceará, em 1993, quando foram investigadas as evidências de transmissão domiciliar e a associação entre LT humana e infecção canina. Casos humanos de LT foram indivíduos que apresentavam úlceras de bordas elevadas, arredondadas, de diâmetro > 5 mm, duração > 15 dias e uma Reação de Montenegro positiva. Cães soropositivos foram aqueles que apresentavam uma prova de imunofluorescência indireta positiva. A idade foi dividida em dois estratos, de 1 a 10 e 11 a 89 anos. A incidência de LT não estava associada ao sexo (Razão de Incidência (RI) = 1,21; IC 95%: 0,86 - 1,72) e nem à idade (RI = 1,38; IC 95%: 0,97 - 1,96). Para os indivíduos que conviviam com um ou mais cães soropositivos, a incidência de LT humana foi 45% mais elevada (RI = 1,45; IC 95%: 1,02 - 2,06) depois de ajustar para o sexo, e 48% (RI = 1,48%; IC 95%: 1,04 - 2,10) depois de ajustar para idade. Considerando-se o risco domiciliar, a incidência de LT humana foi duas vezes mais elevada (RI = 2,01; IC 95%:1,32 - 3,06) nos domicílios que possuíam um ou mais cães soropositivos. Conclui-se que os indivíduos foram acometidos de LT independente do sexo e da idade e que os casos humanos estavam associados à presença de cães infectados. Portanto, estes resultados suportam a hipótese de transmissão domiciliar da leishmaniose tegumentar na Serra de Baturité, no Ceará.

There is evidence of domestic transmission and infected dogs associated with human cases in some endemic areas for American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL), associated with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. This paper presents the results of a study conducted in Serra de Baturité, State of Ceará, Brazil, aimed to gather evidence on the domestic transmission of cutaneous leishmaniais and the association between human and canine infection. Human cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis were defined as those with > 5 mm diameter round ulcers and raised borders, lasting at least 15 days and displaying a positive Montenegro skin test. Seropositive dogs were those with a positive indirect immunofluorescence assay. Age was classified into two strata, 1 to 10, and 11 to 89 years. The incidence of ACL was associated neither with gender (Incidence Rate (IR) = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.86-1.72), nor with age (IR=1.38; 95% CI: 0.97-1.96). The incidence of human ACL was 45% higher for those individuals living with seropositive dogs, (IR=1.45; 95% CI: 1.02-2.06), after adjustment for gender, and 48% higher (RI=1.45; 95% CI: 1.02-2.06), adjusting for age. Regarding the domestic risk, the incidence of human ACL was two-fold higher (IR=2.01; 95% CI: 1.32-3.06) in those households with one or more seropositive dogs. Humans were infected with L. (V) braziliensis regardless of gender and age, and infected dogs were associated with human ACL. Therefore, these results support the hypothesis of domestic/peridomestic transmission of L. (V) braziliensis.