Resumen Se describen e ilustran cuatro nuevas especies preservadas en copal del Cuaternario Colombiano: Stenommatus copalicus sp. nov. (Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae), Conotrachelus dysaethrius sp. nov., Cydianerus eukrinus sp. nov. Se incluyen claves para las especies recientes y fósiles de Stenommatus en las especies del Nuevo Mundo, recientes y fósiles de Conotrachelus con carenas de segunda y los intervalos de élitros quinto roto y tamaños de cuerpo más de 7,0 mm; y se dan las especies recientes y fósiles de Cydianerus en Nuevo Mundo. Es el primer registro de especímenes pertenecientes a Curculionidae preservados en copal colombiano y los primeros registros de los géneros Stenommatus y Cydianerus en Colombia.

Abstract Three new weevil species, Stenommatus copalicus sp. nov. (Curculionidae: Dryophthorinae), Conotrachelus dysaethrius sp. nov. and Cydianerus eukrinus sp. nov. are described and figured from Quaternary Colombian copal. Keys to recent and fossil species of New World Stenommatus, recent and fossil species of Conotrachelus with broken carinae of the 2nd and 5th elytral intervals and a body size greater than 7.0 mm, and recent and fossil species of New World Cydianerus, are provided. These are the first records of Curculionidae from Colombian copal and the first records of the genera Stenommatus and Cydianerus in Colombia.

Description of a new species of the genus Stylops from Dominican amber expands the number of families of this order represented by fossils of the mid-Eocene in the Neotropical region. The specimen described herein is reasonably well preserved, except for the tip of the abdomen that hampered observation of the aedeagus. The specimen fits definition of the comtemporary genus Stylops and differs from a related species, Jantarostylops kinzelbachi Kulicka, from Baltic amber, by the larger number of ommatidia, relative proportion of antennal segments, and venation of hind wings. The specimen differs from other contemporary species of Nearctic Stylops in, among other characters, the smaller size, sub-costa detached from costa and maxillary structure. Discovery of this fossil species of Stylops provides evidence of a possibly more temperate climate in the Antilles, since most contemporary species of the genus occur predominantly in the temperate zones of the Nearctic, Palearctic, and Oriental regions. All known species of the genus parasitize bees of the genus Andrena ( sensu lato). Existence of a fossil andrenid, Protandrena eickworti Rozen Jr, of the same Dominican amber, offers evidence of a potential host for this new species of Stylops.

Leptoconops nosopheris sp. n. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) is described from a blood-filled female biting midge in Early Cretaceous Burmese amber. The new species is characterized by a very elongate terminal flagellomere, elongate cerci, and an indistinct spur on the metatibia. This biting midge contained digenetic trypanosomes (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in its alimentary tract and salivary glands. These trypanosomes are described as Paleotrypanosoma burmanicus gen. n., sp. n., which represents the first fossil record of a Trypanosoma generic lineage.

Early Cretaceous flagellates with characters typical of trypanosomatids were found in the gut of sand fly larvae, as well as in surrounding debris, in Burmese amber. This discovery supports a hypothesis in which free-living trypanosomatids could have been acquired by sand fly larvae in their feeding environment and then carried transtadially into the adult stage. At some point in time, specific genera were introduced into vertebrates, thus establishing a dixenous life cycle.