ABSTRACT Weeds are responsible for large losses in grain quality and quantity of beans produced. Therefore, studies on competition between beans and weeds are important to achieve more efficient crop management while reducing the use of herbicides. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the competitive ability of bean cultivars (BRS Estilo, IPR Urutau, IAC 1850 and IPR Tangará) in the presence of hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) with different proportions of plants in the association. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized block design with four replicates. The treatments were arranged in different proportions of common bean and hairy fleabane plants: 20:00, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15, and 0:20 plants pot-1. The competitive ability of the species was analyzed using diagrams applied in substitution experiments and relative competitive ability indices. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, gas exchange and shoot dry matter were measured 40 days after plant emergence. Negative effects were observed for both the crop and hairy fleabane, as both species competed for the same resources available in the environment. Interspecific competition caused greater damage to plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry matter of the species than intraspecific competition. Common bean achieved higher photosynthetic rates and water use efficiency in the presence of hairy fleabane. Common bean cultivars have a greater competitive ability against hairy fleabane. produced Therefore herbicides Thus BRS Estilo Urutau 185 Tangará Conyza bonariensis association replicates 2000, 2000 20 00, 00 20:00 155, 155 15 5, 5 15:5 1010, 1010 10 10, 10:10 515, 515 15, 5:15 020 0 0:2 pot1. pot1 pot 1. 1 pot-1 indices height diameter 4 emergence environment 18 200 2 20:0 15: 101 10:1 51 5:1 02 0: pot- 20: 10: 5:

RESUMO As plantas daninhas são responsáveis por grandes perdas na qualidade e na quantidade de grãos de feijão produzido. Portanto, estudos sobre a competição entre o feijoeiro e as plantas daninhas são importantes para alcançar um manejo mais eficiente da cultura e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzir o uso de herbicidas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a habilidade competitiva de cultivares de feijão (BRS Estilo, IPR Urutau, IAC 1850 e IPR Tangará) na presença de buva (Conyza bonariensis), em diferentes proporções de plantas na associação. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em diferentes proporções de plantas de feijão e buva: 20:00, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15 e 0:20 plantas vaso-1. A habilidade competitiva das espécies foi analisada por meio de diagramas aplicados em experimentos substitutivos e índices de competitividade relativa. A altura das plantas, o diâmetro do caule, a área foliar, as trocas gasosas e a massa seca da parte aérea foram medidos 40 dias após a emergência das plantas. Foram observados efeitos negativos tanto para a cultura quanto para a buva, uma vez que ambas as espécies competiram pelos mesmos recursos disponíveis no meio. A competição interespecífica causou maiores prejuízos à altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, área foliar e massa seca das espécies em relação à competição intraespecífica. O feijoeiro manteve maiores taxas fotossintéticas e maior eficiência no uso da água na presença da buva. As cultivares de feijoeiro apresentam maior habilidade competitiva em relação à buva. produzido Portanto tempo herbicidas Assim BRS Estilo Urutau 185 Tangará Conyza bonariensis, bonariensis , bonariensis) associação vegetação casualizados repetições 2000, 2000 20 00, 00 20:00 155, 155 15 5, 5 15:5 1010, 1010 10 10, 10:10 515 5:1 020 0 0:2 vaso1. vaso1 vaso 1. 1 vaso-1 relativa caule 4 intraespecífica 18 200 2 20:0 15: 101 10:1 51 5: 02 0: vaso- 20: 10:

ABSTRACT The use of fuels for agricultural Diesel engines cycle, both of mineral origin (Diesel) or vegetable and animal origin (biodiesel) can significantly alter its performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify the change in torque, power and consumption of agricultural Diesel engine fuel using minerals and vegetables fuels. It was used a tractor power take-off coupled to a magnetic brake dynamometer (for measuring speed and torque for subsequent calculation of power), and a flow meter (for measuring the hourly fuel consumption and specific fuel consumption calculation). Eleven different fuels (S10 mineral diesel with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 50% biodiesel and mineral diesel S500 with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 50% biodiesel, have been used pure biodiesel B100). The results indicate that the increase of biodiesel in mineral diesel reduces torque and power, increases the specific fuel consumption and practically does not change the hourly consumption. This reduction in torque and power occurs with greater intensity in Diesel S10. Additions of 10% biodiesel in mineral diesel reduces the maximum torque 1.65 Nm (0.6%), the maximum power at 0.33 kW (0.6%) and increases the specific fuel consumption of 3.6 g kWh -1 (1.3%).

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho comparar a localização dos comandos de operação em tratores agrícolas em relação ao Ponto Índice do Assento (SIP) com as recomendações da norma NBR ISO 4253 - Acomodação do assento do operador. Fizeram parte desta análise tratores agrícolas novos, de fabricação brasileira de todas as marcas comerciais presentes no País. O pedal de embreagem foi o comando que melhor atendeu à norma NBR ISO 4253 (51,4%), seguido dos pedais de freio (48,2%) e do pedal de acelerador (14,3%). Apenas 23,1% dos postos de operação amostrados atenderam à referida norma, considerando a localização do centro do volante de direção dentro dos limites da área ótima especificada pela mesma. A melhor conformidade com a NBR ISO 4253 foi encontrada no posto de operação correspondente aos modelos TS100, TS110 e TS120 (versão com cabina) da marca New Holland (100%), seguida do posto de operação que corresponde aos modelos 5605 e 5705 da marca John Deere (87,5%), tal que ao posto de operação referente aos modelos MF275, MF283, MF290, MF292, MF297, MF299, MF5275, MF5285 e MF5290 (versão com cabina) da marca Massey Ferguson.

The aim of this study is to compare the location of command operations in agricultural tractors, measured through the Seat Index Point (SIP), with NBR ISO 4253 norms - accomodation of operator seat. This analysis included agricultural tractors manufactured in Brazil from all commercial brands available in the country. The clutch pedal was the command that best met the requirements of norm NBR ISO 4253 (51.4%), followed by the brake pedals (48.2%) and the accelerator pedal (14.3%). Only 23.0% of the operation posts sampled met the requirements of the norm, placing the location of the steering wheel within the limits of the optimal area specified. The best compliance with NBR ISO 4253 was found in the operation posts of New Holland models TS100, TS110 and TS120 (cab model) (100%), followed by the operation post of John Deere models 5605 and 5705 (87.5%), as well as the operation post of Massey Ferguson models MF275, MF283, MF290, MF292, MF297, MF299, MF5275, MF5285 and MF5290, (cab model).