Resumo O presente artigo visa discutir a formação do psicólogo, tendo como eixo de reflexão a prática com grupos no âmbito do estágio profissionalizante em Psicologia. A Psicologia Social do Trabalho é referência nos saberes e fazeres das atividades descritas ao longo do artigo, e auxilia na compreensão crítica sobre como se dão as relações sociais no mundo, estruturadas a partir do trabalho. Assume-se o trabalho como elemento fundamental para a compreensão do ser humano e da sociedade e direciona-se o foco de análise e compreensão das vivências humanas para como estas são emolduradas pela atividade laboral. Nesse sentido, reconhece-se que a forma de inserção dos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras no modo de produção será determinante das demais experiências e modos de existência acessíveis para esses e essas. A prática de grupos aqui retratada toma os participantes enquanto sujeitos ativos, e parte da noção de grupo como dispositivo, cujo desafio é criar junto aos membros novas configurações para suas experiências, descortinando outras possibilidades para pensar sua relação com o trabalho e consigo próprio, promovendo reorganizações subjetivas e objetivas. Desse modo, o grupo opera como promotor de novas formas de (se) ver e estar no mundo também para as estagiárias, gerando questionamentos sobre as práticas psi e sobre o papel e o compromisso social do psicólogo.

Abstract This article aims to discuss the training of psychologists through the reflection on the practice with groups within the scope of the professional training in Psychology. Social Psychology of Work is a reference in the knowledge and practices of the activities described through the article, helping in the critical understanding of how social relations come about in the scope of work. This perspective perceives work as a fundamental element to understand human beings and societies, with focus on human experiences and how they are framed by work-related activities. In this sense, we recognize that the workers’ place in the production system will be determinant of their other experiences and modes of existence accessible to them. The group practice depicted here considers the participants as active subjects. It also makes use of the notion of group as a device. The challenge is to jointly create new experience configurations with the members of the groups, revealing other possibilities to think about their relationship with their work and with themselves, and promoting subjective and objective reorganizations. Thus, the group also acts as a promoter of new ways of seeing and being in the world for the trainees, raising questions about the practice, the role, and the social commitment of psychologists.

Resumen El presente artículo trata de discutir la formación del psicólogo, teniendo como eje de reflexión la práctica con grupos en el ámbito de la etapa profesional en Psicología. La Psicología Social del Trabajo es referencia en los saberes y hacer de las actividades descritas a lo largo del artículo, y auxilia en la comprensión crítica sobre cómo se dan las relaciones sociales en el mundo, estructuradas a partir del trabajo. Se asume el trabajo como elemento fundamental para la comprensión del ser humano y de la sociedad y se dirige el foco de análisis y comprensión de las vivencias humanas para mostrar cómo éstas son enmarcadas por la actividad laboral. En ese sentido, se reconoce que la forma de inserción de los trabajadores y trabajadoras en el modo de producción será determinante de las demás experiencias y modos de existencia accesibles para ésas y ésos. La práctica de grupos aquí retratados toma a los participantes como sujetos activos, y parte de la noción de grupo como dispositivo, cuyo desafío es crear junto a los miembros nuevas configuraciones para sus experiencias, descortinando otras posibilidades para pensar su relación con el trabajo y consigo mismo, promoviendo reorganizaciones subjetivas y objetivas. De este modo, el grupo opera como promotor de nuevas formas de (ver) y estar en el mundo también para las pasantes, generando cuestionamientos sobre las prácticas psi y sobre el papel y el compromiso social del psicólogo.

Resumo O trabalho, além de fator de sobrevivência, é atividade constituidora do ser humano. No entanto, durante os séculos, a atividade produtiva passou por distintas configurações, culminando na lógica da exploração e acumulação do capitalismo, que em sua perspectiva neoliberal é marcada pela precarização e pelo adoecimento dos trabalhadores. A presente pesquisa buscou investigar as modalidades de adoecimento e sintomas que acometem o docente universitário do ensino público, com o intuito de verificar se há predominância de adoecimentos físicos ou psíquicos. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura, utilizando como suporte para a categorização das informações obtidas a Análise de Conteúdo. Como resultados principais, predominaram as formas de adoecimento consideradas psicossomáticas, seguidas pelas patologias psíquicas e, em terceiro lugar, os adoecimentos e sintomas físicos. Depreende-se a necessidade de dar visibilidade ao adoecimento dos docentes de Instituições de Ensino Superior Públicas e de aprofundar as discussões sobre o trabalho dessa categoria profissional.

Abstract This work, as well as a survival factor, is a constitutive activity of the human being. However, over the centuries, productive activity has gone through different configurations, culminating in the logic of exploitation and accumulation of capitalism, which in its neoliberal perspective is marked by precariousness and the sickness of workers. The present research aimed to investigate the modalities of illness and symptoms that affect the university teaching staff of public education, in order to verify if there is predominance of physical or psychic illnesses. For that, a review of the literature was carried out, using as support for the categorization of information obtained from Content Analysis. As main results, the predominant forms of illness considered psychosomatic, followed by the psychic pathologies and, thirdly, the physical illnesses and symptoms. It is necessary to give visibility to the sickness of the teachers of Public Higher Education Institutions and to deepen the discussions about the work of this professional category.

Resumen El trabajo, además de factor de sobrevivencia, es actividad constituidora del ser. Sin embargo, durante los siglos, la actividad productiva pasó por distintas configuraciones, culminando en la lógica de exploración y acumulación del capitalismo, que en su perspectiva neoliberal está marcada por la precarización, y por la enfermedad de los trabajadores. En la presente investigación se buscó investigar las modalidades de enfermedad y síntomas que acometen el docente universitario de la enseñanza pública, con el intuito de verificar si hay predominancia de enfermedad físicas o psíquicas. Para tanto, se realizó una revisión de la literatura, utilizando como respaldo para la categorización de las informaciones obtenidas el Análisis de Contenido. Como resultados principales, predominaron las formas de enfermedad consideradas psicosomáticas, seguidas por las patologías psíquicas y, en tercer lugar, las enfermedades y síntomas físicos. Se deduce que hay la necesidad de dar visibilidad a la enfermedad de los docentes de Instituciones de Enseñanza Universitaria Públicas y de profundizar las discusiones sobre la labor de esa categoría profesional.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o perfil sociodemográfico, as condições de saúde e a relação com o consumo de produtos orgânicos de consumidores que frequentavam diferentes feiras agroecológicas no município de Pelotas – RS. Aplicou-se um questionário aos consumidores de produtos orgânicos durante as compras nas feiras agroecológicas. Observou-se que os consumidores com menor nível de escolaridade e renda passaram a frequentar mais as feiras agroecológicas consumindo mais alimentos orgânicos. Os consumidores estavam preocupados com saúde e alimentação, sendo pequena a parcela dos que apresentavam diagnóstico de doença, ocorrendo diferentes motivações que influenciavam a compra de alimentos orgânicos.

Abstract The scope of this study was to establish the socio-demographic profile, health status and the relationship with the consumption of organic produce among consumers who frequent different agroecological street markets in Pelotas in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. A questionnaire was given to the consumers of organic produce while shopping in the agroecological street markets. It was found that the consumers with lower education levels and lower income began to frequent the agroecological street markets more often and consume more organic foods. The consumers were concerned about their health and nutrition status with very few of them having a diagnosis of disease, there being different motivations influencing the purchase of organic food.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o perfil sociodemográfico, as condições de saúde e a relação com o consumo de produtos orgânicos de consumidores que frequentavam diferentes feiras agroecológicas no município de Pelotas – RS. Aplicou-se um questionário aos consumidores de produtos orgânicos durante as compras nas feiras agroecológicas. Observou-se que os consumidores com menor nível de escolaridade e renda passaram a frequentar mais as feiras agroecológicas consumindo mais alimentos orgânicos. Os consumidores estavam preocupados com saúde e alimentação, sendo pequena a parcela dos que apresentavam diagnóstico de doença, ocorrendo diferentes motivações que influenciavam a compra de alimentos orgânicos.

Abstract The scope of this study was to establish the socio-demographic profile, health status and the relationship with the consumption of organic produce among consumers who frequent different agroecological street markets in Pelotas in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. A questionnaire was given to the consumers of organic produce while shopping in the agroecological street markets. It was found that the consumers with lower education levels and lower income began to frequent the agroecological street markets more often and consume more organic foods. The consumers were concerned about their health and nutrition status with very few of them having a diagnosis of disease, there being different motivations influencing the purchase of organic food.

The aim of this work was the partial purification and subsequent evaluation of chitinase expression during the various growth phases of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Initially, PbCTS1r was expressed as a recombinant protein and displayed enzymatic activity against 4-MU-[N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)]3 and 4-MU-(GlcNAc)2. Two proteins, 45 kDa and 39 kDa in size, were partially purified from P. brasiliensis yeast crude extract using cation-exchange chromatography coupled with HPLC and were characterised as PbCTS1 and PbCTS2, respectively. Anti-PbCTS1r antibody recognised two proteins in the crude extracts of yeast and the transitional stage between mycelial and yeast phases. In crude extracts of mycelium, only the 45 kDa protein was detected. However, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction led to the detection of small quantities of Pbcts2 transcript in the mycelial phase. In the yeast cell wall extract, only the 39 kDa protein was detected. Moreover, both proteins were secreted by the yeast parasitic phase, suggesting that these proteins participate in the modulation of the fungal environment. Phylogenetic analysis of the predicted PbCTS1 and PbCTS2 proteins indicated that they code for distinct chitinases in P. brasiliensis. During evolution, P. brasiliensis could have acquired the paralogues Pbcts1 and Pbcts2 for growth and survival in diverse environments in both saprophytic and parasitic phases.

O gênero Babesia compreende protozoários causadores de enfermidades denominadas babesioses. Cães geralmente são acometidos por Babesia canis ou Babesia gibsoni, sendo a primeira classificada em subespécies Babesia canis canis, Babesia canis vogeli e Babesia canis rossi. Entre essas, Babesia canis vogeli predomina no Brasil. O objetivo desse trabalho foi realizar estudo filogenético de amostras de Babesia em cães, em Goiânia, Goiás. Amostras de sangue foram obtidas de 890 cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário de Goiás, apresentando sinais clínicos de babesiose. Somente amostras com presença de parasitos intraeritrocitários típicos foram utilizadas. Estas foram submetidas a extração de DNA e amplificação de fragmento do gene 18S rRNA pela PCR. Os produtos de PCR foram purificados e sequenciados. Foram sequenciadas 35 amostras, das quais apenas 17 foram mantidas após avaliação de qualidade. A análise de similaridade fornecida pelo BLASTn demonstrou que as 17 sequências deste estudo eram correspondentes a Babesia canis vogeli. Pela utilização do programa Mega4, foi possível verificar que as amostras de Babesia canis vogeli, provenientes de cães da cidade de Goiânia, apresentam, alto grau de similaridade molecular (99,2 a 100%) com isolados de referência de outras regiões do Brasil e do mundo, depositados em GenBank.

The genus Babesia comprises protozoa that cause diseases known as babesiosis. Dogs are commonly affected by Babesia canis or Babesia gibsoni. Babesia canis is divided into the subspecies Babesia canis canis, Babesia canis vogeli and Babesia canis rossi. Among these, Babesia canis vogeli predominates in Brazil. The objective of this study was to conduct a phylogenetic analysis on Babesia isolates from dogs in Goiânia, Goiás. Blood samples were obtained from 890 dogs presenting clinical signs suggestive of canine babesiosis that were attended at a veterinary hospital of Goiás. Only samples presenting typical intraerythrocytic parasites were used in the study. These were subjected to DNA extraction and amplification of a fragment of the 18S rRNA, by means of PCR. The PCR products were purified and sequenced. Sequences were obtained from 35 samples but only 17 of these were kept after quality assessment. Similarity analysis using BLASTn demonstrated that all 17 sequences corresponded to B. canis vogeli. Analysis using the Mega4 software showed that the isolates of B. canis vogeli from dogs in Goiânia present a high degree of molecular similarity (99.2 to 100%) in comparison with other reference isolates from other regions of Brazil and worldwide, deposited in GenBank.

Neste trabalho, foram preparados diferentes eletrocatalisadores de Pt-Cu e de Pt-Cu modificados com Pd, suportados em carbono por meio da redução química de precursores de Pt, Cu e Pd com borohidreto de sódio. A atividade eletrocatalítica frente à reação de redução de oxigênio foi estudada. A análise dos resultados de difração de raios X mostrou que há formação de liga. Com microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (TEM) foi observado que as nanopartículas metálicas estão bem distribuídas no suporte de carbono. Espectroscopia de absorção de raios X dispersiva (DXAS) foi empregada para compreender melhor as propriedades intrínsecas dos materiais. Os eletrocatalisadores foram caracterizados eletroquimicamente por voltametria cíclica em H2SO4 0.5 mol L-1 e a atividade eletrocatalítica destes foi estudada por meio de experimentos em estado estacionário em células a combustível de metanol direto (DMFC). A introdução de Pd ocasionou um aumento da atividade dos catalisadores de Pt-Cu. O melhor desempenho da DMFC foi obtido usando como cátodo o catalisador da liga de Pt50Pd40Cu10/C tratado termicamente a 500 °C em atmosfera de H2/Ar.

In this work, different carbon supported Pt-Cu catalysts and Pd modified Pt-Cu catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction of Pt, Cu and Pd precursors with sodium borohydride, and their electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction was studied. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated alloy formation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the metal nanoparticles are well-distributed on the carbon support. Dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (DXAS) was used to achieve a better understanding of the intrinsic properties of the materials. The electrocatalysts were characterized electrochemically by cyclic voltammetry in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 and their electrochemical activity was studied with steady-state experiments in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The introduction of Pd led to an improvement of the catalytic activity of the Pt-Cu catalysts. The best performance in a DMFC was obtained using, as cathode, a Pt50Pd40Cu10/C alloy catalyst thermally treated at 500 ºC in an H2/Ar atmosphere.

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis causes infection through inhalation by the host of airborne propagules from the mycelium phase of the fungus. This fungus reaches the lungs, differentiates into the yeast form and is then disseminated to virtually all parts of the body. Here we review the identification of differentially-expressed genes in host-interaction conditions. These genes were identified by analyzing expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from P. brasiliensis cDNA libraries. The P. brasiliensis was recovered from infected mouse liver as well as from fungal yeast cells incubated in human blood and plasma, mimicking fungal dissemination to organs and tissues and sites of infection with inflammation, respectively. In addition, ESTs from a cDNA library of P. brasiliensis mycelium undergoing the transition to yeast were previously analyzed. Together, these studies reveal significant changes in the expression of a number of genes of potential importance in the host-fungus interaction. In addition, the unique and divergent representation of transcripts when the cDNA libraries are compared suggests differential gene expression in response to specific niches in the host. This analysis of gene expression patterns provides details about host-pathogen interactions and peculiarities of sites within the host.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is a public health problem worldwide and the virus has been classified into six genotypes. In Brazil, the only genotype that has been found is genotype I, predominately from subgenotype IA. Here, the HAV genotypes were analyzed of 18 isolates circulating between 1996-2001 in Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil. Viral RNA was extracted from 18 serum samples and amplified (RT-PCR/nested-PCR), followed by the genomic sequencing of the VP1/2A junction region of the HAV genome. Sequences of 168 nucleotides were compared and analyzed using the BLAST N, Clustal X and PAUP v. 4.10b programs. All samples were classified as genotype I, with 10 belonging to subgenotype IA and eight to subgenotype IB. The subgenotype IA isolates showed greater diversity than the subgenotype IB isolates at the nucleotide level. Elevated identity values were found between isolates obtained in this study and those from other regions of the world, including Brazil, highlighting the high conservation among different isolates of this virus. However, changes in the HAV subgenotype circulation could also be observed during the evaluated period.

Mycoplasmas are the smallest known prokaryotes with self-replication ability. They are obligate parasites, taking up many molecules of their hosts and acting as pathogens in men, animals, birds and plants. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the infective agent of swine mycoplasmosis and Mycoplasma synoviae is responsible for subclinical upper respiratory infections that may result in airsacculitis and synovitis in chickens and turkeys. These highly infectious organisms present a worldwide distribution and are responsible for major economic problems. Proteins of the GTPase superfamily occur in all domains of life, regulating functions such as protein synthesis, cell cycle and differentiation. Despite their functional diversity, all GTPases are believed to have evolved from a single common ancestor. In this work we have identified mycoplasma GTPases by searching the complete genome databases of Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, J (non-pathogenic) and 7448 (pathogenic) strains. Fifteen ORFs encoding predicted GTPases were found in M. synoviae and in the two strains of M. hyopneumoniae. Searches for conserved G domains in GTPases were performed and the sequences were classified into families. The GTPase phylogenetic analysis showed that the subfamilies were well resolved into clades. The presence of GTPases in the three strains suggests the importance of GTPases in 'minimalist' genomes.

Mycoplasma synoviae and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are wall-less eubacteria belonging to the class of Mollicutes. These prokaryotes have a reduced genome size and reduced biosynthetic machinery. They cause great losses in animal production. M. synoviae is responsible for an upper respiratory tract disease of chickens and turkeys. M. hyopneumoniae is the causative agent of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. The complete genomes of these organisms showed 17 ORFs encoding kinases in M. synoviae and 15 in each of the M. hyopneumoniae strain. Four kinase genes were restricted to the avian pathogen while three were specific to the pig pathogen when compared to each other. All deduced kinases found in the non pathogenic strain (J[ATCC25934]) were also found in the pathogenic M. hyopneumoniae strain. The enzymes were classified in nine families composing five fold groups.

This is a report on the analysis of genes involved in translation of the complete genomes of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain J and 7448 and Mycoplasma synoviae. In both genomes 31 ORFs encoding large ribosomal subunit proteins and 19 ORFs encoding small ribosomal subunit proteins were found. Ten ribosomal protein gene clusters encoding 42 ribosomal proteins were found in M. synoviae, while 8 clusters encoding 39 ribosomal proteins were found in both M. hyopneumoniae strains. The L33 gene of the M. hyopneumoniae strain 7448 presented two copies in different locations. The genes encoding initiation factors (IF-1, IF-2 and IF-3), elongation factors (EF-G, EF-Tu, EF-Ts and EF-P), and the genes encoding the ribosome recycling factor (frr) and one polypeptide release factor (prfA) were present in the genomes of M. hyopneumoniae and M. synoviae. Nineteen aminoacyl-tRNA synthases had been previously identified in both mycoplasmas. In the two strains of M. hyopneumoniae, J and 7448, only one set of 5S, 16S and 23S rRNAs had been identified. Two sets of 16S and 23S rRNA genes and three sets of 5S rRNA genes had been identified in the M. synoviae genome.

The performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) with Pt-based anodes is drastically lowered when CO-containing hydrogen is used to feed the system, because of the strong adsorption of CO on platinum. In the present work the effects of the presence of a conversion layer of CO to CO2 composed by several M/C materials (where M = Mo, Cu, Fe and W) in gas diffusion anodes formed by Pt catalysts were investigated. The diffusion layers formed by Mo/C e W/C show good CO-tolerance, and this was attributed to the CO removal by parallel occurrence of the water-gas shift reaction and the so-called bifunctional mechanism.