RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ação do extrato aquoso de noni em diluente para congelação de sêmen de carneiro. Os tratamentos diferiram quanto à inclusão de extrato aquoso de noni ao meio diluidor em: T1˗ sem adição de extrato; T2˗ 24µg/mL ; T3- 72µg/mL e 120µg/mL. Por meio de vagina artificial, 16 ejaculados foram coletados, diluídos entre os quatro tratamentos e congelados. Após o descongelamento, o sêmen foi submetido ao teste de termorresistência e avaliado quanto à motilidade subjetiva, ao vigor espermático, à integridade de membrana pelo teste hiposmótico, bem como ao teste supravital, à análise de sêmen assistida por computador (CASA) e ao status de capacitação espermática e de reação acrossomal. Os dados foram submetidos a uma análise de variância, seguida pelo teste de Student-Newman-Keuls com 5% de significância. No teste de termorresistência, após duas horas de incubação, a motilidade do T4 (120µg/mL) apresentou-se inferior aos demais tratamentos. Não houve diferença significativa no teste HOS tanto para o sêmen diluído quanto para o sêmen avaliado imediatamente pós-descongelação; para as demais horas, os tratamentos apresentaram comportamento semelhante. Para os parâmetros de cinética, foi observada diferença estatística para motilidade progressiva, velocidade curvilinear, velocidade do percurso médio e amplitude de deslocamento lateral da cabeça. Quanto ao estado de capacitação espermática, observou-se diferença entre os tratamentos para espermatozoide capacitado com acrossomo intacto.

ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the action of aqueous extract of noni in an extender for sheep semen freezing. Treatments differed in inclusion of aqueous extract of noni in the extender: T1 ˗ no addition; T2 ˗ 24µg/mL; T3 ˗ 72µg/mL; and T4 ˗ 120µg/mL. Ejaculates were collected, diluted in the four treatments, and frozen. After thawing, the semen was subjected to a thermoresistance test and evaluated for subjective motility, vigor, membrane integrity assessment by hypo-osmotic swelling test, live-dead assay, computer-assisted sperm analysis and the status of sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. Data were subjected to ANOVA, and then to Student Newman Keuls’s test at 5% significance level. In the thermoresistance test after two hours of incubation, motility in T4 (120µg/mL) was lower than in the other treatments, with no differences in the HoS test in either diluted semen or in the semen evaluated immediately post-thawing, while for the other times, treatments showed similar responses. Regarding the motility parameters, a difference was observed for progressive motility, curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, and amplitude of lateral head displacement. As to the sperm capacitation status, a difference was observed between treatments for the sperm capacitated with intact acrosome.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as vias aéreas por endoscopia, o perfil de gases, de eletrólitos e o equilíbrio ácido-base de equinos da raça Quarto de Milha (QM) antes e após o exercício de três tambores. Dezesseis cavalos, divididos em dois grupos de oito animais, treino regular (TR - cinco vezes) e treino esporádico (TE - duas vezes por semana), foram utilizados no experimento. A endoscopia foi realizada antes e 90 min após o exercício. Foram realizadas duas coletas de sangue por punção da artéria facial transversa antes do aquecimento (M0) e imediatamente após o exercício (M1), e as leituras foram realizadas com o I-Stat(r). Foram determinadas PCO2, PO2, SO2, pH, BE, HCO3 e TCO2, Na+, K+, iCa, glicose, Hg e Ht. Foi utilizada ANOVA com medidas repetidas no tempo para comparações dos grupos e dos momentos (P<0,05). A HFL acometeu em grau leve (1-2) os animais de ambos os grupos, com 8/8 (100%) no TR e 5/8 (62,5%) no TE. Observou-se presença de secreção serosa na traqueia em 4/8 (50%) para ambos os grupos. A HPIE acometeu em grau leve (1-2) os animais de ambos os grupos, com 4/8 (50%) no grupo TR e 3/8 (37,5%) no grupo TE. Os animais com grau 2 de HPIE apresentaram leve hipoxemia e hipercapnia pós-exercício. SO2, PCO2, pH, HCO3, BE, K e iCa+ não diferiram estatisticamente (P>0,05) entre os grupos. Os cavalos da raça QM submetidos ao exercício de TT apresentam HPIE e acidose metabólica.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the airways by endoscopy, gas profile, electrolytes and acid-base balance of horses in the Quarter Horse (QM) race before and after training three drums. Sixteen horses divided into two groups of 8 animals, with regular training (RT - 5 times a week) and sporadic training (ET - 2 times a week) were used in the experiment. Endoscopy was performed before and 90 min after training. Two blood samples were taken by puncturing the transverse facial artery before heating (M0) and immediately after training (M1), and the readings were performed with the I-Stat(r). PCO2, PO2, SO2, pH, BE, HCO3 and TCO2, Na +, K +, iCa, Glucose, Hg, and Ht were determined. ANOVA was used with repeated measures over time for comparisons of groups and time (P<0.05). The HFL befell was mild (1-2), the animals from both groups with 8/8 (100%) in the TR and 5/8 (62.5%) for the TE. There was presence of serous trachea 4/8 (50%) for both groups. The EIPH befell was mild (1-2) in the animals from both groups with 4/8 (50%) in the RT group and 3/8 (37.5%) for the TE group. Animals with grade 2 EIPH had mild hypoxemia and hypercapnia after exercise. The SO2, PCO2, pH, HCO3, BE, K, and iCa did not differ P <0.05 between groups. QM race submitted to TT exercise have EIPH and metabolic acidosis.

The present study estimated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) according to the criteria established by the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATPIII) and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and analyzed the contribution of social factors in an adult urban population in the Southeastern region of Brazil. The sample plan was based on multistage probability sampling according to family head income and educational level. A random sample of 1116 subjects aged 30 to 79 years was studied. Participants answered a questionnaire about socio-demographic variables and medical history. Fasting capillary glucose (FCG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides were determined and all non-diabetic subjects were submitted to the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m²), waist circumference and blood pressure (BP) were determined. Age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of MS was 35.9 and 43.2% according to NCEP-ATPIII and IDF criteria, respectively. Substantial agreement was found between NCEP-ATPIII and IDF definitions. Low HDL-C levels and high BP were the most prevalent MS components according to NCEP-ATPIII criteria (76.3 and 59.2%, respectively). Considering the diagnostic criteria adopted, 13.5% of the subjects had diabetes and 9.7% had FCG ≥100 mg/dL. MS prevalence was significantly associated with age, skin color, BMI, and educational level. This cross-sectional population-based study in the Southeastern region of Brazil indicates that MS is highly prevalent and associated with an important social indicator, i.e., educational level. This result suggests that in developing countries health policy planning to reduce the risk of MS, in particular, should consider improvement in education.

A digital system to characterize solid state nuclear track detectors(SSNTD) has been developed. It was used in the study of two detectors and its performance evaluated by comparing the obtained results with those determined by using an analog system, already in use for such purpose. The comparison of the results together with the feasibility and rapidness in data acquisition have demonstrated the viability of the digital system to characterize SSNTD.

Symptomatic involvement of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract as a prominent symptom in Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH) is uncommon, occurring in less than 1 to 5% of all cases, even when the disease is in its disseminated form. Up to now, there have been reports of 18 cases of LCH with GI manifestations, including our 2 cases, with diarrhea (77.7%), protein-losing enteropathy (33.3%) and bloody stool being the most frequent findings. The authors present two patients with severe diarrhea and refractory hypoalbuminemia, and with the protein-losing enteropathy documented by Cr51-labeled albumin studies. A review of the literature indicated that the presence of GI symptoms is often associated with systemic disease as well as with poor prognosis, mainly under 2 years of age. Radioisotopes are useful for documenting protein loss in several diseases with high specificity and sensitivity, and their utilization in the cases reviewed here permitted diagnoses in 6 children, as well as improved therapeutic management.