ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the knowledge level of dentists in Mossoró, RN, Brazil, regarding dental trauma management based on the current guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Material and Methods: Dentists working in Mossoró and regularly registered with the Regional Dentistry Council of Rio Grande do Norte responded to a printed or digital questionnaire investigating sociodemographic and professional profiles with 12 questions about dental trauma management. Jamovi 2.3.28.0 software assisted the statistical comparisons between subcategories relating to the participants' sociodemographic and professional profiles, with a 5% significance level. Results: 69 dentists participated in the study. The mean percentage of correct answers was 50.24%, including all inquiries. The lowest rates of correct answers regarded tooth intrusion and avulsion (14.5% and 31.88%, respectively). The overall median score for the proper management of dental trauma was 6.0 points, considering a maximum possible score of 12, categorizing the participants' overall knowledge as acceptable. Sex, clinical experience, postgraduate degree, primary activity sector, the number of previously treated cases, and self-reported knowledge of dental trauma did not significantly affect dentists' knowledge level. Conclusion: The knowledge level of dentists in Mossoró regarding dental trauma management is acceptable based on current IADT guidelines.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To summarize the available evidence and answer the following question: What is the current knowledge on the performance of blood concentrates in handling sequelae after lower third molar extractions with the evidence available in systematic reviews? Methods: An electronic search was conducted across nine databases. The study included systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses investigating the performance of blood concentrates in managing sequelae after lower third molar extractions. The four outcomes analyzed were pain, edema, mouth opening, and alveolar osteitis. The AMSTAR-2 tool assessed the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews, while ROBIS evaluated the risk of bias. Results: The electronic search revealed 690 records, of which 15 were eligible systematic reviews for the present study. Overall, these reviews evaluated 75 primary studies published from 2007 to 2023. According to AMSTAR-2, only one systematic review presented high methodological quality. The ROBIS tool showed two systematic reviews with a low risk, and the others had a high risk of bias. Conclusion: The current evidence is based on only one systematic review with high methodological quality and a low risk of bias, while the others exhibited a high risk of bias and low methodological quality. Therefore, the evidence regarding the efficacy of blood concentrates in controlling sequelae following lower third molar extractions is inconclusive.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the knowledge and prevalence of dental trauma among amateur soccer players in a Brazilian subpopulation. Material and Methods: The players responded to a 20-item questionnaire on personal characteristics and the prevalence, education, and management of dental injuries between June and August 2023. Five questions with a five-point scoring system evaluated participant knowledge about managing coronal fractures and avulsion. The Mann-Whitney U-test and the Kruskal-Wallis test (p<0.05) compared the subcategories of personal characteristics and education on dental trauma management. Results: Two hundred forty-four (244) amateur soccer players participated in the study, with 55 (22.55%) reporting experiences of traumatic dental injury during games and a higher frequency of coronal fractures. The median score for correctly managing coronal fractures and avulsion was 2.0 points. Athletes with health education/occupation showed a higher median value (3.0 points). Only 9.43% of participants use or have used a mouthguard during sports practice. The study identified a 22.55% prevalence of dental trauma among amateur soccer players. Conclusion: The knowledge of athletes about managing coronal fractures and avulsion is insufficient and requires improvement.

ABSTRACT Objective: To associate the Treatment and Education of Autistic and Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) and Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) validated techniques with technology in dentistry by developing software to mediate and facilitate dental care. Material and Methods: A literature review was performed to retrieve information about those techniques. The software for tablets and smartphones was developed based on the data extracted. The results were considered to determine which characteristics the tool should present, such as settings, colors, and gameplay patterns. Results: The main characteristics are illustrations with vibrant colors and background music and two characters to be chosen. The application has three interactive environments: kitchen, bathroom, and dental office, so the patient goes through all of them interacting with health promotion content. Conclusion: An application is presented that aims to facilitate such care in a practical, accessible, and free manner, improving the interaction between dentists and patients.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar parte do financiamento e dos gastos em saúde dos municípios de Sergipe. Métodos Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico, observacional, do tipo ecológico, com dados do orçamento público em saúde de Sergipe, no período 2005-2020. As unidades de análise foram os municípios do estado. Os dados foram coletados a partir do Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Saúde, envolvendo os indicadores: receita das transferências para a saúde – Sistema Único de Saúde, despesa com recursos próprios e despesa total com saúde. As variações anuais médias absolutas dos indicadores de receita e despesa foram estimadas por meio de modelos lineares de mínimos quadrados ponderados para a variância. Resultados Foram avaliados os dados de 75 municípios sergipanos. As análises mostraram que, em 2020, o menor valor de receita das transferências para a saúde foi R$ 244,00 por habitante, repassado para São Cristóvão. O maior valor foi R$ 743,00 por habitante, destinado a São Francisco. A receita das transferências para a saúde apresentou aumento em todos os municípios estudados ao longo dos anos analisados, com o aumento anual médio absoluto de R$ 23,00 por habitante. Conclusão Observou-se aumento anual médio absoluto na receita das transferências para a saúde destinadas aos municípios. O repasse foi desigual entre os municípios analisados.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar parte del financiamiento y gasto en salud en los municipios del estado de Sergipe. Métodos Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico, observacional, ecológico, utilizando datos del presupuesto de salud pública de Sergipe, para el período 2005-2020. Las unidades de análisis fueron los municipios del estado. Los datos fueron recolectados del Sistema de Información sobre Presupuestos Públicos en Salud, basados en los indicadores: ingresos por transferencias a la salud – Sistema Único de Salud, gasto con recursos propios y gasto total en salud. Las variaciones anuales promedio absolutas de los indicadores de ingresos y gastos se estimaron utilizando modelos lineales de mínimos cuadrados ponderados por la varianza. Resultados Se evaluaron datos de 75 municipios de Sergipe. Los análisis mostraron que, en 2020, el valor más bajo de ingresos por transferencias de salud fue de BRL 244,00 por habitante, transferidos a São Cristóvão. El valor más alto fue de BRL 743,00 por habitante, destinado a São Francisco. Los ingresos por transferencias de salud aumentaron en todos los municipios estudiados a lo largo de los años analizados, con un aumento anual promedio absoluto de BRL 23,00 por habitante. Conclusión Hubo un aumento anual promedio absoluto en los ingresos provenientes de las transferencias de salud asignadas a los municipios. La transferencia fue desigual entre los municipios analizados.

Abstract Objective To analyze part of health funding and expenditure in the municipalities of Sergipe state. Methods This is an epidemiological, observational, ecological study, using Sergipe public health budget data, for the period 2005-2020. The units of analysis were the state’s municipalities. The data were collected from the Public Health Budget Information System, based on the following indicators: municipal revenue from Brazilian National Health System funding transfers, municipality funded expenditure and total expenditure on health. Absolute average annual variance in revenue and expenditure indicators were estimated using linear least squares models weighted for variance. Results Data for the 75 municipalities of Sergipe were assessed. The analyses showed that, in 2020, the lowest amount of health transfer revenue was BRL 244.00 per inhabitant, transferred to São Cristóvão. The highest amount was BRL 743.00 per inhabitant, allocated to São Francisco. Health transfer revenue increased in all municipalities studied over the years analyzed, with an absolute average annual increase of BRL 23.00 per inhabitant. Conclusion There was an absolute average annual increase in health transfer revenue allocated to municipalities. Transfer was uneven among the municipalities analyzed.

Abstract Objective To analyze part of health funding and expenditure in the municipalities of Sergipe state. Methods This is an epidemiological, observational, ecological study, using Sergipe public health budget data, for the period 2005-2020. The units of analysis were the state’s municipalities. The data were collected from the Public Health Budget Information System, based on the following indicators: municipal revenue from Brazilian National Health System funding transfers, municipality funded expenditure and total expenditure on health. Absolute average annual variance in revenue and expenditure indicators were estimated using linear least squares models weighted for variance. Results Data for the 75 municipalities of Sergipe were assessed. The analyses showed that, in 2020, the lowest amount of health transfer revenue was BRL 244.00 per inhabitant, transferred to São Cristóvão. The highest amount was BRL 743.00 per inhabitant, allocated to São Francisco. Health transfer revenue increased in all municipalities studied over the years analyzed, with an absolute average annual increase of BRL 23.00 per inhabitant. Conclusion There was an absolute average annual increase in health transfer revenue allocated to municipalities. Transfer was uneven among the municipalities analyzed.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar parte do financiamento e dos gastos em saúde dos municípios de Sergipe. Métodos Trata-se de estudo epidemiológico, observacional, do tipo ecológico, com dados do orçamento público em saúde de Sergipe, no período 2005-2020. As unidades de análise foram os municípios do estado. Os dados foram coletados a partir do Sistema de Informações sobre Orçamentos Públicos em Saúde, envolvendo os indicadores: receita das transferências para a saúde – Sistema Único de Saúde, despesa com recursos próprios e despesa total com saúde. As variações anuais médias absolutas dos indicadores de receita e despesa foram estimadas por meio de modelos lineares de mínimos quadrados ponderados para a variância. Resultados Foram avaliados os dados de 75 municípios sergipanos. As análises mostraram que, em 2020, o menor valor de receita das transferências para a saúde foi R$ 244,00 por habitante, repassado para São Cristóvão. O maior valor foi R$ 743,00 por habitante, destinado a São Francisco. A receita das transferências para a saúde apresentou aumento em todos os municípios estudados ao longo dos anos analisados, com o aumento anual médio absoluto de R$ 23,00 por habitante. Conclusão Observou-se aumento anual médio absoluto na receita das transferências para a saúde destinadas aos municípios. O repasse foi desigual entre os municípios analisados.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar parte del financiamiento y gasto en salud en los municipios del estado de Sergipe. Métodos Se trata de un estudio epidemiológico, observacional, ecológico, utilizando datos del presupuesto de salud pública de Sergipe, para el período 2005-2020. Las unidades de análisis fueron los municipios del estado. Los datos fueron recolectados del Sistema de Información sobre Presupuestos Públicos en Salud, basados en los indicadores: ingresos por transferencias a la salud – Sistema Único de Salud, gasto con recursos propios y gasto total en salud. Las variaciones anuales promedio absolutas de los indicadores de ingresos y gastos se estimaron utilizando modelos lineales de mínimos cuadrados ponderados por la varianza. Resultados Se evaluaron datos de 75 municipios de Sergipe. Los análisis mostraron que, en 2020, el valor más bajo de ingresos por transferencias de salud fue de BRL 244,00 por habitante, transferidos a São Cristóvão. El valor más alto fue de BRL 743,00 por habitante, destinado a São Francisco. Los ingresos por transferencias de salud aumentaron en todos los municipios estudiados a lo largo de los años analizados, con un aumento anual promedio absoluto de BRL 23,00 por habitante. Conclusión Hubo un aumento anual promedio absoluto en los ingresos provenientes de las transferencias de salud asignadas a los municipios. La transferencia fue desigual entre los municipios analizados.

Abstract To plan and evaluate public health policies, it is important to understand the influence of social factors on the quality and access to dental care. This study aimed to verify the potential association between the indicators of pregnant women receiving dental care and the social and health care indicators of cities in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. A cross-sectional ecological study was performed with secondary data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics and the Health Care Department of the Ministry of Health regarding the cities of Minas Gerais. The study analyzed three health care indicators (such as more than six prenatal, the proportion of syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus tests, and oral health coverage) and four social indicators (average monthly wage, illiteracy rate, proportion of employed population, and rate of adequate sanitary sewerage). Bivariate analysis (Mann-Whitney test) and logistic regression were performed using Jamovi software. All of the indicators analyzed were associated with the access of pregnant women to dental care. However, in the regression models, only health care indicators remained statistically significant. Thus, although social indicators are associated with the access of pregnant women to dental appointments, access to primary health care and the teamwork of primary health care teams may overcome social inequality in the access of pregnant women to dental care.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Specific types of violence such as intimate partner sexual violence and intimate partner homicide occur more frequently in rural areas. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the knowledge and attitudes of rural healthcare providers regarding cases of domestic violence against women. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review developed at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. METHODS: We conducted an electronic search of six databases, which only included observational studies, regardless of the year, language, or country of publication, except for studies that used secondary data and were exclusively qualitative. Two reviewers performed the selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using a specific Joanna Briggs Institute tool. RESULTS: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. All the studies had a low risk of bias. Approximately 38% of these professionals identified injuries caused by violence in patients. When asked about knowing the correct attitude to take in cases of confirmed violence, between 12% and 64% of rural healthcare providers answered positively; most of them would refer to specialized institutions and promote victim empowerment and counseling. The number of professionals with an educational background in the field ranged from 16% to 98%. CONCLUSIONS: The evident disparity across studies shows that some professionals have suboptimal knowledge and require training to adopt the correct attitude when identifying female victims of domestic violence in clinical practice. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: This systematic review was registered in the Open Science Framework Database under the registration http://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/B7Q6S.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Adolescence is characterized by complex and dynamic changes, often involving experimentation, including the use of psychotropic substances. Although it is well-established that recreational psychotropic drugs are associated with suicide ideation in adults, evidence of this association in adolescents remains limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between suicide ideation and psychotropic recreational drug use among adolescents. DESIGN AND SETTING: Systematic review with meta-analysis developed at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) and Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil. METHODS: A search across eight electronic databases for observational studies, without language or publication year restrictions, was conducted. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analyses and odds ratios were used to measure the effects. RESULTS: The search yielded 19,732 studies, of which 78 were included in the qualitative synthesis and 32 in the meta-analysis. The findings indicated that suicidal ideation was 1.96 times more likely (95% confidence interval, CI = 1.47; 2.61) for adolescents who used some drug recurrently and 3.32 times more likely (95%CI = 1.86; 5.93) among those who abused drugs. Additionally, adolescents who used cannabis were 1.57 times more likely (95%CI = 1.34; 1.84) to experience suicide ideation compared with non-users, while cocaine users had 2.57 times higher odds (95%CI = 1.47; 4.50). CONCLUSIONS: Psychotropic recreational drug use is associated with suicidal ideation among adolescents regardless of current or previous use, abuse, or type of substance used. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: Registered in the PROSPERO database under the identification number CRD42021232360. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021232360.

Abstract Civil and criminal forensics utilize dental development to estimate age. The method of Nicodemo, Moraes, and Médici Filho (NMM) is a popular dental age estimation tool in South America; however, it lacks a scientific basis for applications in contemporary forensic practice. This research included the largest sample ever collected in Brazil for a similar purpose. The sample consisted of 3,271 panoramic radiographs of female (n = 1,634) and male (n = 1,637) individuals between six and 22.9 years old (mean 14.6 ± 4.9 years). The applied NMM method considered all maxillary and mandibular left permanent teeth (n = 16). The fit between the chronological age and estimated age intervals was assessed, and a correlation test with Lin's correlation coefficient was performed. The overall percentage of fit was 22.5%, without statistically significant differences based on sex (p > 0.05). The percentage of fit was greater in younger individuals, such as those aged 6–6.99 years (90%), and progressively decreased in older individuals, such as those aged 11–11.9 years (18.2%). After 12 years of age, the method could not provide correct classifications up to 25 years of age. Lin's correlation coefficient was predominantly low (ρ = 0.175; 0.367). NMM is considerably limited, and current forensic practice should not apply it to estimate dental age.

Abstract Background Local anesthetic puncture is often related to the experience of pain. This study aimed to systematically analyze the literature on changes in pain perception during the anesthetic puncture of dental local anesthesia after Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT). Material and methods An electronic search was performed in eight primary databases (Embase, LILACS, BBO, LIVIVO, MedLine via PubMed, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science) and three additional ones (EASY, Google Scholar, and OATD) to partially capture the “gray literature”. The PICO strategy was used to identify randomized clinical trials evaluating the analgesic effect of PBMT in the anesthetic puncture site of dental local anesthesia compared to placebo or control groups, without restrictions on publication language and year. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the individual risk of bias of the eligible studies using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool version 2.0. Results The electronic search found 3,485 records, of which eight met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. The studies were published from 2011 to 2022. None of the included studies had a low risk of bias. PBMT groups showed no significant difference in pain scores compared to placebo and control groups of most studies. Conclusion Based on a low to very low certainty of evidence, PBMT seems to have no effect on pain perception during anesthetic puncture in patients undergoing dental local anesthesia.

Abstract Aim To verify the existence of a relationship between dental care for pregnant women and maternal oral conditions and the health of the newborn. Material and method A cross-sectional study was carried out with mothers identified in a maternity hospital in the state of Minas Gerais, in which data on dental care during pregnancy, maternal oral health conditions, Apgar score of the newborn and confounding variables were collected. The data were initially analyzed descriptively and the adaptation between dental care and the Apgar score was tested using the Pearson test. Result Data collected from 144 postpartum women and their babies were analyzed, but no correlations were found between the Apgar score and any of the dental care, maternal and newborn variables collected in the study. Conclusion No correlations of the Apgar Score with any dental care variables, maternal and newborn variables were observed.

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a existência de relação entre a atenção odontológica à gestante e as condições bucais maternas e de saúde do recém-nascido. Material e método Realizou-se um estudo transversal com puérperas identificadas em uma maternidade no estado de Minas Gerais, em que foram coletados dados de atenção odontológica durante a gestação, condições de saúde bucal materna, Índice de Apgar do recém-nascido e variáveis de confundimento. Os dados foram analisados inicialmente de forma descritiva e a correlação entre a atenção odontológica e o Índice de Apgar foi testada por meio do teste de Pearson. Resultado Foram analisados os dados coletados das 144 puérperas e seus bebês, mas não foram encontradas correlações entre o Índice de Apgar e nenhuma das variáveis de cuidado odontológico, variáveis maternas e do recém-nascido coletadas no estudo. Conclusão Não foram observadas correlações do Índice de Apgar com nenhuma variável de cuidado odontológico, variáveis maternas e do recém-nascido.

RESUMO Objetivo: Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo analisar a literatura sobre alterações em biomarcadores salivares endógenos de dor, ansiedade, estresse e inflamação relacionados à movimentação dentária durante tratamento ortodôntico de crianças e adolescentes. Material e Métodos: Foram realizadas buscas eletrônicas em nove bases de dados para identificar estudos quase-experimentais sobre o tema, sem restrições de idioma e ano de publicação. Dois revisores extraíram os dados e avaliaram o risco individual de viés usando as ferramentas JBI, e a certeza da evidência usando a ferramenta GRADE. Resultados: A busca eletrônica encontrou 7.038 registros, dos quais 12 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade e foram incluídos na síntese qualitativa. A maioria dos estudos apresentou baixo risco de viés. Os biomarcadores foram agrupados em cinco categorias: eletrólitos, enzimas, hormônios, imunoglobulinas e mediadores. Os eletrólitos apresentaram diminuição dos níveis de Ca2+, Pi3+ e K+ e aumento dos níveis de Na+ e Cl-. Todas as enzimas (ALP, LDH, MMP8 e MMP9) aumentaram ao longo do tempo. Os hormônios apresentaram diminuição da leptina e algumas oscilações nos níveis diários de cortisol. As imunoglobulinas (IgA, IgG, IgM, IgD e IgE) não tiveram alterações significativas, e a IgA salivar apresentou resultados divergentes entre os estudos. Os mediadores (sRANKL, OPG, IL-1β e PGE2) apresentaram flutuações nas diferentes fases do tratamento, principalmente após a ativação ortodôntica. Conclusões: Com base em um nível de certeza muito baixo, a movimentação dentária ortodôntica teve pouco ou nenhum efeito sobre biomarcadores salivares endógenos.

ABSTRACT Objective: This systematic review aimed to analyze the literature on changes in endogenous salivary biomarkers of pain, anxiety, stress, and inflammation related to tooth movement during orthodontic treatment of children and adolescents. Material and Methods: An electronic search was performed in nine databases to identify quasi-experimental studies, without restricting publication language and year. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed the individual risk of bias using the JBI tools, and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE tool. Results: The electronic search found 7,038 records, of which 12 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis. Most studies had a low risk of bias. Biomarkers were grouped into five categories: electrolytes, enzymes, hormones, immunoglobulins, and mediators. Electrolytes showed decreased Ca2+, Pi3+ and K+ levels, and increased Na+ and Cl- levels. All enzymes (ALP, LDH, MMP8, and MMP9) increased over time. Hormones presented a decrease in leptin and some fluctuations in daily cortisol levels. Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM, IgD, and IgE) had no significant changes, and salivary IgA showed divergent results among studies. Mediators (sRANKL, OPG, IL‐1β, and PGE2) showed fluctuations at different treatment stages, mainly after orthodontic activation. Conclusions: Based on a very low certainty level, orthodontic tooth movement had little to no effect on endogenous salivary biomarkers.

Abstract This systematic review aims to provide preclinical evidence of the antimicrobial efficacy of natural endodontic solutions (NES) compared to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine (CHX) against Enterococcus faecalis. The study followed the PRISMA guidelines and had a registered protocol (PROSPERO – CRD42021224022). The inclusion criteria comprised ex vivo studies simulating root canal irrigation to assess the standardized mean difference of colony-forming units (CFUs). Records were systematically identified in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, SciELO, Web of Science, LILACS, DANS Easy, and BDTD databases in January 2024. The RoBDEMAT tool helped determine the risk of bias. As for the network meta-analysis, CFU data were collected pre- and post-irrigation protocols as an effect measure. Thirty-five studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis, and seven studies were eligible for the network meta-analysis. The total sample consisted of 1,504 root canals. Among the tested solutions, apple cider vinegar combined with 2.5% NaOCl showed the highest probability of reducing CFUs after root canal irrigation (95%CI: -0.76–0.20), followed by 2% CHX and NaOCl (considering the different concentrations [95%CI: -0.32–0.17]). The bias assessment revealed significant omissions in reporting, particularly regarding sample size calculation, sample randomization, and operator blinding. The obtained evidence demonstrated that, even though NES did not overcome NaOCl, they have antimicrobial potential against Enterococcus faecalis.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the potential association between perception malocclusion and school performance in children and adolescents. An electronic search was performed in ten databases. Based on the PECO acronym (Population, Exposition, Comparator, and Outcome), the eligibility criteria included observational studies that compared the school performance of children and adolescents with and without the perception of malocclusion. There were no restrictions on the language or year of publication. Two reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias by using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool for cross-sectional studies. School performance was measured by analyzing student grades; levels of absenteeism; and child or adolescent self-perception and/or the perception of parents, guardians, close friends, and teachers regarding the impact of malocclusion on school performance. The data were described narratively/descriptively. The search resulted in 3,581 registers, of which eight were included in the qualitative synthesis. These studies were published between 2007 and 2021. Two studies concluded that there was no significant association between school performance and perception of malocclusion, five studies found that only some of the children with malocclusion had their school performance affected, and one study concluded that there was a significant association between perception of malocclusion and low school performance. Considering all variables and the very low certainty of evidence, the perception of malocclusion seems to negatively impact school performance when associated with external and subjective factors. Further studies using additional measurement standards are required. databases Population, Population (Population Exposition Comparator Outcome, Outcome , Outcome) publication crosssectional cross sectional grades absenteeism selfperception self andor parents guardians friends narrativelydescriptively narratively descriptively narratively/descriptively 3581 3 581 3,58 registers synthesis 200 2021 affected evidence factors required 358 58 3,5 20 202 35 5 3, 2