Resumo O Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) é um instrumento autorrelatado específico para avaliar a satisfação de pacientes adolescentes com o tratamento ortodôntico. Um instrumento norte-americano pré-existente foi mais explorado na Holanda. A equivalência semântica faz parte da adaptação transcultural e é necessária para se obter um instrumento válido e confiável para uma cultura específica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a equivalência semântica dos itens, subescalas e escore geral do PSQ entre a versão original em inglês e a versão em português do Brasil (B-PSQ). O PSQ possui 58 itens, distribuídos em 6 subescalas; relação médico-paciente, aspectos situacionais da clínica, melhora dentofacial, melhora psicossocial, função dentária e uma categoria residual. A equivalência semântica foi avaliada de acordo com o seguinte método: 1) traduções independentes para o português por dois tradutores, ambos nativos em português brasileiro e fluentes em inglês; 2) um comitê de experts elaborou a primeira versão síntese em português; 3) duas retro-traduções independentes para o inglês por dois tradutores nativos de língua inglesa fluentes em português; 4) revisão do comitê; 5) o comitê elaborou uma versão síntese das retro-traduções; 6) comitê de experts redigiu a segunda versão síntese em português; 7) pré-teste do instrumento por meio de entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com 10 adolescentes; 8) revisão e versão final do B-PSQ. A equivalência semântica entre as versões original e brasileira do questionário foi alcançada por meio de métodos cuidadosos e rigorosos, com tradução eficaz e avaliações de experts, incorporando as opiniões da população-alvo.

Abstract The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ) is a self-administered instrument to assess adolescent patients' satisfaction with orthodontic treatment. A pre-existing North American instrument was further explored in the Netherlands. Semantic equivalence is part of cross-cultural adaptation and is necessary to achieve a valid and reliable instrument for a specific culture. The present study aimed to evaluate the semantic equivalence of the items, subscales, and overall PSQ between the original English version and the Brazilian Portuguese language version (B-PSQ). The PSQ has 58 items, distributed across 6 subscales: doctor-patient relationship, situational aspects of the clinic, dentofacial improvement, psychosocial improvement, dental function, and a residual category. Semantic equivalence was evaluated according to the following methods: (1) independent translations to Portuguese by two translators, both native in Brazilian Portuguese and fluent in English; (2) an expert committee drafted the first summarized version in Portuguese; (3) two independent back-translations into English by two native English-speaking translators fluent in Portuguese; (4) committee review; (5) committee drafted a summarized version of the back-translations; (6) expert committee drafted the second summarized version in Portuguese; (7) pre-test of the instrument using individual semi-structured interviews with 10 adolescents; (8) review and final version of the B-PSQ. Semantic equivalence between the original and the Brazilian versions of the questionnaire was achieved through diligent and rigorous methods, with effective translation and expert evaluations, incorporating the opinions of the target population.

Resumo Este estudo traça o perfil dos pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) da área de odontopediatria. Pesquisa transversal com dados coletados na base de currículos acadêmicos brasileiros. Os critérios de elegibilidade abrangeram os pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade de 2018 a 2020. Foram identificados 215 pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade na área de odontologia, dos quais 33 com pós-graduação (especialização, mestrado ou doutorado) em odontopediatria. O período de produção científica e trabalho de orientação concluído de iniciação científica, mestrado, doutorado e pós-doutorado foi de 2010 a 2020. Foi realizada análise descritiva e o teste de Kruskall-Wallis foi utilizado para verificar associações (nível de significância de 5%) entre nível da bolsa de produtividade (2, 1D, 1C, 1B ou 1A) e ano de obtenção do grau de doutor. O programa VOSviewer (versão 1.6.17) foi utilizado para identificar colaborações interinstitucionais. A amostra foi composta por pesquisadores de Nível 2 (66,7%), mulheres (66,7%), pesquisadores vinculados a instituições da região sudeste do Brasil (81,8%), com doutorado concluído antes de 2002 (51,5%), começaram a atuar como professor em instituição de ensino superior anterior a 2007 (78,8%) e o título de professor titular (45,5%). Não foi encontrada associação significativa entre nível de bolsa de produtividade e ano de conclusão do doutorado (p = 0,10). A mediana (intervalo interquartil) de artigos científicos foi de 119 (37-312). A prevalência de citações (57,52%) e artigos do JCR (62,76%) foi maior entre as pesquisadoras. Em conclusão, os pesquisadores bolsistas de produtividade em Odontopediatria do CNPq são representados essencialmente por mulheres da região sudeste do país. No entanto, os homens apresentaram produtividade proporcionalmente maior.

Abstract This study outlines the profile of research productivity grant holders of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico [CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development)] in the field of pediatric dentistry. A cross-sectional study with data collected from the Brazilian academic curriculum vitae database. The eligibility criterion was being a research productivity grant holder in pediatric dentistry from 2018 to 2020. In the period of interest, 215 individuals were research productivity grant holders in the field of dentistry, 33 of whom had graduate degrees (specialization, master's or doctorate) in pediatric dentistry. The period of scientific production and work concluded of advising of scientific initiation, master, doctoral and post-doctoral degrees was 2010 to 2020. Descriptive analysis was performed and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze associations (5% significance level) between productivity grant level (2, 1D, 1C, 1B or 1A) and year of obtainment of the doctoral degree. The VOSviewer (version 1.6.17) was used to present graphically the interinstitutional collaborations. The sample was composed of Level 2 researchers (66.7%), women (66.7%), researchers linked to institutions in the southeastern region of Brazil (81.8%), with a doctoral degree concluded prior to 2002 (51.5%), began working as a professor at a higher education institution prior to 2007 (78.8%) and the title of full professor (45.5%). No significant association was found between productivity grant level and year of conclusion of the doctoral degree (p = 0.10). Median (interquartile range) of scientific articles was 119 (37-312). The prevalence of citations (57.52%) and JCR articles (62.76%) was higher among female researchers. In conclusion, CNPq research productivity grant holders in pediatric dentistry are essentially represented by females from the southeast region of the country (UFMG and USP). However, males have proportionally greater productivity.

Resumo Avaliar o impacto das condições bucais na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) em crianças de dez países da América Latina (AL). Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 930 pares de crianças/pais de 1 a 3 anos de 10 países da AL, como estudo complementar do Research Observatory for Dental Caries of the Latin American Region. A escala ECOHIS, previamente testada e validada em dez países, foi aplicada a pais/cuidadores de crianças para mensurar a QVRSB. A análise estatística incluiu análise descritiva de dados e análise de variância unidirecional (ANOVA-One-Way) para comparar grupos etários com QVRSB. Procedimentos de bootstrapping (1000 reamostragens; 95%IC Bca) foram realizados. A pontuação média da seção 'Impacto na Criança' na AL foi 4,0 (±8,3), na seção ‘Impacto na Família’ foi 2,0 (±4,0) e no escore total do ECOHIS foi 6,0 (±12,0). Na seção 'Impacto na Criança', Argentina 10,0(+2,4) e Venezuela 17,8(±17,5) demonstraram pontuações médias superiores aos dados totais da AL. Na seção ‘Impacto na Família’, os países com pontuações médias mais altas foram Argentina 4,9(±2,0), Equador 2,1(±3,1) e Venezuela 7,9(±7,8). No escore total do ECOHIS, Argentina 15,1 (±4,1) e Venezuela 25,7(±25,2) apresentaram escores médios superiores aos valores de AL. Houve associação entre a idade das crianças e o relato dos pais de impacto na QVRSB (p<0,001). As crianças de três anos tiveram média maior quando comparadas às de um e dois anos, tanto nas seções 'Impacto na Criança' e ‘Impacto na Família’ (p<0,001), quanto no escore total ECOHIS (p<0,001). Em conclusão, houveram diferenças na QVRSB entre os países da América Latina, impactando de forma mais significativa as crianças mais velhas.

Abstract To assess the impact of oral conditions on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in infants in ten Latin America countries (LAC). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 930 pairs of 1-to-3-year-old children/parents from 10 LAC, as a complementary study of the Research Observatory for Dental Caries of the Latin American Region. The scale ECOHIS, previously tested and valid in ten countries, was applied to parents/caregivers of children to measure OHRQoL. Statistical analysis included descriptive data analysis and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA-One-Way) were performed to compare age groups with OHRQoL. Bootstrapping procedures (1000 re-samplings; 95%CI Bca) were performed. The mean scores of the ‘Child Impact’ section in the LAC was 4.0(±8.3), in the ‘Family Impact’ section was 2.0(±4.0), and in overall ECOHIS score was 6.0(±12.0). In the ‘Child Impact’ section, Argentina 10.0(+2.4) and Venezuela 17.8(±17.5) demonstrated mean scores higher than the LAC total data. In the ‘Family Impact’ section, the countries with higher mean scores were Argentina 4.9(±2.0), Ecuador 2.1(±3.1) and Venezuela 7.9(±7.8). In the overall ECOHIS score, Argentina 15.1 (±4.1) and Venezuela 25.7(±25.2) has higher mean scores than the values of LAC. There is an association between children's age and parents' report of impact on the OHRQoL (p<0.001). Three-year-olds had a higher mean when compared to one- and two-year-olds, both in the Impact on the Child and Impact on the Family (p<0.001) sections, as well as in the overall ECOHIS (p<0.001). In conclusion, there are differences in OHRQoL among Latin American countries, impacting older children more significantly.

RESUMO Objetivo: Adaptar transculturalmente para a língua portuguesa do Brasil e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas de um questionário que avalia a satisfação de pais e responsáveis com relação ao tratamento ortodôntico recebido por seus filhos. Métodos: Tradução do questionário em inglês, pré-teste e avaliação da validade e confiabilidade da versão em português obtida. O questionário consistiu de 25 itens distribuídos em três subescalas (processo durante o tratamento, efeito psicossocial e resultado geral do tratamento). Participaram 83 pais/responsáveis de crianças/adolescentes que concluíram o tratamento ortodôntico. Estatística descritiva foi realizada e foi calculado valor máximo e valor mínimo. Foram determinadas a consistência interna, a estabilidade (intervalo de três semanas), a validade de constructo convergente e a validade de constructo discriminante. A análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e a análise fatorial confirmatória (AFC) avaliaram a dimensionalidade. Resultados: dos 83 pais/responsáveis que participaram do estudo, 58 (69,9%) eram mães e 25 (30,1%) eram pais das crianças/adolescentes. No escore total do questionário e no escore das três subescalas, uma porcentagem aceitável (≤15%) dos participantes atingiu o escore máximo (ceiling effect). No escore total do questionário e no escore das três subescalas, nenhum participante atingiu o escore mínimo (floor effect). O coeficiente α de Cronbach para o escore total foi 0,72 (consistência interna). O coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para o escore total foi 0,71 (estabilidade). O escore total do questionário apresentou um coeficiente de correlação de Person alto (>0,50) com as três subescalas (validade de constructo). Pais/responsáveis do sexo feminino apresentaram escores significativamente maiores nas subescalas efeito psicossocial (p=0,013) e desfecho do tratamento (p=0,037), em comparação aos pais/responsáveis do sexo masculino (validade discriminante). AFE e AFC confirmaram a dimensionalidade em uma solução de três fatores. Conclusões: A versão do questionário obtida no presente estudo mostrou-se válida e confiável para o uso na população brasileira.

ABSTRACT Objective: To cross-culturally adapt into the Brazilian Portuguese and evaluate the psychometric properties of an instrument for assessing the satisfaction of parents/guardians regarding their sons’/daughters’ orthodontic treatment. Methods: Translations of the instrument from English, pre-test and evaluation of validity and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version were performed. The questionnaire has 25 items distributed across 3 subscales (process, psychosocial effect and outcome). Eighty-three parents/guardians of children/adolescents who had completed orthodontic treatment participated. Descriptive statistics and floor and ceiling effects were calculated. Internal consistency, stability (interval of three weeks), convergent construct validity and discriminant construct validity were determined. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) assessed dimensionality. Results: Among the 83 parents/guardians, 58 (69.9%) were mothers and 25 (30.1%) were fathers of children/adolescents. In the questionnaire’s total score and the three subscales scores, an acceptable percentage (≤15%) of participants achieved the maximum score (ceiling effect). In the total questionnaire score and in the three subscales scores, no participant achieved the minimum score (floor effect). Cronbach’s α coefficient for the total score was 0.72 (internal consistency). Intra-class correlation coefficient for the total score was 0.71 (stability). The questionnaire’s total score presented large Pearson correlation coefficient (>0.50) with the three subscales too (construct validity). Female parents/guardians had significantly higher scores in the psychosocial effect (p=0.013) and in the treatment outcome (p=0.037) subscales, compared to male parents/guardians (discriminant validity). EFA and CFA confirmed dimensionality in a three-factor solution. Conclusions: The final obtained version is valid and reliable to be used in Brazilian populations.

Abstract Objective: To assess the association between temporomandibular disorder (TMD) with sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and oral conditions in adolescents. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was developed with 89 adolescents between 13 to 18 years. TMD diagnosis was obtained by the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disease (RDC/TMD) Axis I. Diagnoses of chronic pain, depression, presence of non-specific physical symptoms, including pain and anxiety, were obtained by the RDC/TMD Axis II. The feeling of happiness was measured by the Subjective Happiness Scale. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics were collected through self-administered questionnaires. Patients were examined for dental caries, dental trauma, malocclusion, and tooth wear. Parents answered a sociodemographic, economic, and general health questionnaire. Data were submitted to descriptive statistics, and a logistic regression model was used to assess the association between TMD and the socio-economic, demographic, health-related, and clinical variables. Results: TMD prevalence was 42%. TMD was associated to skin color (p=0.040), use of medications in the past year (p = 0.020) and previous dental trauma (p=0.030). Also, it tended to be associated with the presence of probable awake bruxism (p=0.053). Conclusion: Sociodemographic factors, health-related factors, and oral conditions play a role in TMD, with nonwhite adolescents, those who had used medications in the past year and/or had previous dental trauma having a greater chance of present this disorder.

Abstract This review aimed to describe the importance of the first 1000 days of a child’s life as a golden period for interventions and actions to prevent dental caries and other chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) throughout the life course and highlight that the first 450 days of life could be even more important for oral health. During the first 1000 days of life (pregnancy and first two years of life), health care providers can identify unhealthy lifestyles, behaviors, and their determinants. Bearing in mind contextual factors like socioeconomic conditions and cultural aspects, this is a unique period to work together with the family and identify opportunities for adopting healthy habits that might last throughout the life of the expected or newborn child. This is a “window of opportunity” for the prevention of chronic NCDs of both systemic and oral origin, such as overweight, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. In fact, to effectively prevent dental caries, pregnancy and the first 6 months of a child’s life (first 450 days) should be considered the critical period to work together with families to facilitate the adoption of healthy habits. Knowledge about the first thousand days of life is essential and represents a crucial period for the implementation of actions and interventions that will guarantee good oral and general health development that can persist throughout life.

Abstract This was a retrospective cohort study to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the gender gap in articles submitted to three international dental journals based in Brazil. All submissions performed to Brazilian Dental Journal, Brazilian Oral Research, and Journal of Applied Oral Science before (2019) and during the pandemic (2020) were assessed. Gender of the first, last, and corresponding authors were collected. Other variables collected were journal, continent studied by authors and stage of their careers (classified according to authors’ highest degree), and final decision reached in the article. Absolute and relative frequencies with 95% confidence intervals, Pearson’s Chi-square tests, and Fisher’s Exact test were used (α = 0.05). In total, 4,726 unique submissions were analyzed. A higher proportion of early-career authors was observed during the pandemic (44.8% to 49.3%, p = 0.021). Most articles were rejected but without association with gender. Increased proportion of male first authors from before to during the pandemic was observed (39% to 42.1%, p = 0.034). Drop in the proportion of articles with women as first authors was observed for researchers in their early- (65.9% to 58.8%, p = 0.02) and mid-career stages (63% to 55.8%, p = 0.014). Reduction in women as first authors was observed during the pandemic in South and Central Americas (66.7% to 61.5%, p = 0.010), and when the last author was a female, or the corresponding author was a male. In conclusion, a disproportionate impact on female dental researchers in submitting articles in the period from before to during the pandemic was observed when considering first authorship, suggesting that the COVID-19 may have increased the gender inequality in dental science.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between oral health problems and being ashamed of smiling or speaking among Brazilian adolescents. Material and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study carried out with secondary data from 7,328 12-year-old Brazilian adolescents from the latest Brazilian national oral health survey (SB Brasil 2010). The question “In the previous 6 months, have you been ashamed of smiling or speaking due to your teeth?” was the outcome variable. Calibrated examiners performed clinical examinations on adolescents for the diagnosis of dental caries (DMF-T), dental trauma, dental fluorosis and occlusal alterations. Data were analyzed descriptively and by Poisson unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression analysis (p<0.05). The final model was controlled by family income. Results: The prevalence of being ashamed of smiling or speaking was 13.6%. The following variables were associated with the outcome: female sex (PR= 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17-1.53), cavitated dental caries on upper incisors (PR= 1.81; 95% CI: 1.51-2.15), dental trauma (PR= 1.36; 95% CI:1.16-1.60), increased maxillary overjet (PR= 1.36; 95% CI:1.18-1.57), dental crowding (PR= 1.60; 95% CI:1.40-1.83), midline diastema (PR= 1.30; 95% CI:1.11-1.44), tooth loss (PR= 1.45; 95% CI:1.16-1.80), mild/questionable dental fluorosis (PR= 1.23; 95% CI:1.06-1.44) and moderate/severe dental fluorosis (PR= 1.67; 95% CI:1.15-2.44). Conclusion: Oral health problems that impact dental aesthetics were predisposing factors for being ashamed of smiling or speaking in Brazilian adolescents.

Abstract: This study evaluated the association between socioeconomic factors and stages of dental caries in children one to five years of age. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 759 children enrolled in preschools in Diamantina, Brazil. The parents/caregivers filled out a form addressing socioeconomic factors. Add to the end of this sentence: and categorized in caries free (code 0 and 1), no obvious decay (code 2 and 3) and obvious decay (code 4, 5 and 6). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test and multinomial regression. The prevalence of “no obvious decay” was higher among children from families with a larger number of income-dependent individuals (OR: 2.47; 95%CI: 1.41–4.31). The higher prevalence of “obvious decay” was associated with the child's age (OR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.16–1.58), attending a public preschool (OR: 2.38; 95%CI: 1.31–4.34), a larger number of income-dependent individuals (four to five individuals: OR: 1.71; 95%CI: 1.09–2.74; more than five individuals: OR: 3.41; 95%CI: 1.95–5.94), no access to a dentist (OR: 2.14; 95%CI: 1.48-3.09), and lower income (OR: 1.72; 95%CI: 1.19–-2.49). It was concluded that the variable of a larger number of income-dependent individuals was associated with both no obvious decay and obvious decay. Child's age, type of preschool, access to a dentist, and income were associated with obvious decay.

Abstract: Bone quality is an important issue in dentistry. Low bone density may be associated with more severe periodontitis, and may influence implant therapy success. Recent evidence suggests that physical activity can improve alveolar bone quality. Irisin is an exercise-mediated peptide that might be involved in this process. We assessed the effect of exercise and that of intra-peritoneal irisin administration on bone quality in healthy and osteoporosis-induced rodents. This study was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020184140), and followed PRISMA guidelines. A search by two independent examiners was conducted in five databases and gray literature up to July 2021, without restrictions regarding language or date of publication. Initially, they analyzed retrieved titles and abstracts (n=3,844) based on eligibility criteria. Of this total, 19 studies remained for full-text reading, and 16 proceeded to the data extraction and quality assessment phases. Meta-analyses were conducted (n= 6 studies) to establish the effects of irisin administration on cancellous bone mineral density (BMD). Exercise or irisin administration enhanced bone quality, but the meta-analysis showed that BMD increased only slightly in osteoporotic rodents (BMD: mean difference 0.03 mg/cm3 - 95% CI 0.01-0.05). This indicates that they had no significant benefits on the bones of healthy animals. Implications of key findings evidence the potential of irisin as an agent able to mitigate bone loss caused by osteoporosis, an outcome that could favor dental rehabilitation. More studies investigating the effect of irisin on alveolar bone are needed to elucidate its therapeutic viability and implications.

Abstract: Specific measures to evaluate positive oral health have been in a nascent stage in Dentistry, especially in developing countries. The present study aimed to translate, cross-culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of Positive Oral Health and Well-Being (B-POHW). After forward-backwards translation to Brazilian Portuguese language, the cross-cultural adaptation of B-POHW was pretested, followed by the main study to perform psychometric analysis. We tested the model fit by Confirmatory Factor Analysis with categorical factor indicators in bifactor and simple structure models on a sample of 209 participants (mean age: 39.36 ± 12.26. Questionnaires about sociodemographic status, self-reported oral health-related outcomes, and general well-being were administered and used as external validation measures. Moreover, dental caries experience was clinically diagnosed. For test-retest reliability, 53 participants completed the B-POHW a fortnight later. The following results were found: a) the bifactor model presented the best model fit; b) the B-POHW demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω > 0.8); c) the intraclass correlation coefficient suggested good reliability for the Global Factor of B-POHW in the test-retest (ICC = 0.84); d) evidence based on other variables and construct representation was in line with the positive oral health framework. The B-POHW is psychometrically sound to be used in a Brazilian context, and evidence of its internal structure confirmed its theoretical framework for measuring positive oral health. These findings advance in holistic approaches, enabling to assess positive oral health in Dental practice in Brazil.

Abstract: This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep quality and possible sleep bruxism (SB) in children eight to ten years of age. The study hypothesis was that sleep disturbances influenced a higher occurrence of bruxism during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal study was conducted at two time points: in person prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (T1), and online during the pandemic (T2). The sample comprised 105 children. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics, the use of electronic devices, reported (vs. clinical) SB, and the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) at both T1 and T2. McNemar’s and Wilcoxon’s tests were used to compare SB and sleep disorders at both time points. Poisson regression analysis determined the relative risk (RR) among the variables, and the incidence of possible SB (p≤0.05). The comparison of the two time points (T1 and T2) revealed a significant increase in possible SB (p<0.01) and sleep disorders (p < 0.04). Children whose parents had a lower schooling level (RR: 2.67; 95%CI: 1.19–6.01), those with their own electronic devices (RR: 1.97; 95%CI: 1.09–2.50), and those with sleep disorders during the pandemic (RR: 1.74; 95%CI: 1.35–2.24) were at greater risk of developing SB during the pandemic. Moreover, the incidence of bruxism and sleep disorders was greater during the pandemic. The factors influencing SB incidence during the pandemic were a lower level of mothers’ schooling, greater access to electronic devices, and the occurrence of sleep disorders.

Abstract: The authors developed and validated a short form of the Brazilian Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Paediatric Dentistry (BOHLAT-P). Data included responses from 200 parents of preschoolers to sociodemographic and oral health service access questions on the BOHLAT-P, the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30), and the Brazilian Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). Data on the preschoolers’ dental caries experience (ICDAS-II) were also included. An item response theory-based approach was employed to develop the short form, while confirmatory factor analysis evaluated the instrument dimensionality. The validity and reliability of the short form were tested by statistical analysis using BREALD-30, B-ECOHIS, and sociodemographic and dental caries experience data. The short form (BOHLAT-P-30) comprises 30 items, is unidimensional, and presents better model fit estimates (TLI = 0.94; CFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.05) than those of the BOHLAT-P. Moreover, BOHLAT-P-30 demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.95). BOHLAT-P-30 scores were positively correlated with BREALD-30 scores (r = 0.71), with the number of years of schooling (r = 0.60), and with the number of hours spent reading (r = 0.33). BOHLAT-P-30 scores were negatively correlated with B-ECOHIS scores (r = -0.21), and with the number of teeth with cavitated caries (r = -0.18). After controlling for confounding factors, BOHLAT-P-30 scores were not found to be associated with caries presence, or with the number of teeth with cavitated caries. The BOHLAT-P-30 had properties similar to those of the BOHLAT-P, and proved to be a valid measure to assess the OHL of Brazilian parents.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors, oral conditions and the impact of OHRQoL as possible risk indicators related to the incidence of untreated dental caries in preschool children two years after an initial examination. A prospective longitudinal study was performed with a sample of 288 preschool children allocated to two groups at baseline (T0): caries free (n = 144) and with untreated dental caries (n = 144). Untreated dental caries was determined through clinical examinations performed by a calibrated dentist at T0 (Kappa > 0,89) and T1 (two years after the baseline) (Kappa > 0,91) using the dmft criteria. Parents/caregivers answered a socioeconomic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS) at T0 and T1. Mann-Whitney test and hierarchically adjusted Poisson regression models were used (95%CI, p < 0,05). The incidence of untreated dental caries was 41.3%. Low (RR = 1.63; 95%CI:1.18–2.26; p < 0.001) and high severity of untreated dental caries (RR = 1.92; 95%CI:1.36–2.72; p < 0.001), monthly household income less than two times the Brazilian minimum salary (RR = 1.79; 95%CI:1.04–3.25; p = 0.042) and overall B-ECOHIS score (RR = 1.03; 95%CI:1.02–1.05; p < 0.001) at T0 were risk indicators for the incidence of untreated dental caries among the preschool children. In conclusion, the incidence of untreated dental caries was high and the higher severity of untreated dental caries, the lower monthly income and the higher the B-ECOHIS score (indicating a negative impact on quality of life) were risk indicators to the developing of new lesions of untreated dental caries after 2 years.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a associação de fatores sociodemográficos, familiares e do tipo de serviço odontológico utilizado ao alfabetismo em saúde bucal em pré-adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 740 escolares. Foram avaliados o alfabetismo em saúde bucal (BREALD-30), fatores sociodemográficos, tipo de serviço odontológico e funcionalidade familiar (FACES III) por meio de questionários validados. A associação entre as variáveis foi avaliada por meio de regressão de Poisson robusta (α=5%). Um maior alfabetismo em saúde bucal foi associado ao sexo feminino (RR=1.09; IC95%: 1.03-1.14), coesão familiar do tipo conectada (RR=1.12; IC95%: 1.05-1.20), adaptabilidade familiar dos tipos rígida (RR=1.14; IC95%: 1.04-1.25) e estruturada (RR=1.11; IC95%: 1.04-1.20), escolaridade materna superior a oito anos de estudo (RR=1.16; IC95%: 1.10-1.22), idade do responsável superior a 38 anos (RR=1.07; IC95%: 1.02-1.13) e uso de serviços odontológicos privados (RR=1.06; IC95%: 1.01-1.12). O nível de alfabetismo em pré-adolescentes foi associado ao sexo, estrutura familiar, idade e escolaridade do responsável e tipo de serviço odontológico utilizado.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between oral health literacy and family, sociodemographic and dental service characteristics in early adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 740 schoolchildren. The following variables were investigated using validated questionnaires: oral health literary (BREALD-30), sociodemographic characteristics, type of dental service and family functioning (FACES III). Associations were tested using robust Poisson regression analysis (α=5%). Higher oral health literacy was associated with the female sex (RR=1.09; 95%CI: 1.03-1.14), connected type of family cohesion (RR=1.12; 95%CI: 1.05-1.20), rigid (RR=1.14; 95%CI: 1.04-1.25) and structured (RR=1.11; 95%CI: 1.04-1.20) types of family adaptability, more than eight years of mother’s schooling (RR=1.16; 95%CI: 1.10-1.22), age of caregiver more than 38 years (RR=1.07; 95%CI: 1.02-1.13) and the use of private dental services (RR=1.06; 95%CI: 1.01-1.12). The level of oral health literacy in early adolescents was associated with sex, family structure, mother’s schooling, caregiver’s age and type of dental service used.