ABSTRACT Purpose This study aimed to adapt the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Hearing Impaired (MoCA-H) into Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Methods This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative, and qualitative study involving participants selected by convenience. The instrument was adapted from its original version, in a six-stage process consisting of the following: Stage 1 - Translation and back translation of the MoCA-H; Stage 2 - Stimulus analysis and selection; Stage 3 - Semantic analysis of stimuli; Stage 4 - Analysis by non-expert judges, part 1; Stage 5 - Analysis by non-expert judges, part 2; Stage 6 - Pilot study. The following statistical methods were used in this study: parametric T-test, Gwet’s first-order Agreement Coefficient (AC1), and the Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Results Cultural and linguistic adaptations were made to the instrument as well as changes to administration procedures to improve respondent comprehension. Participants with and without hearing loss had some comprehension difficulties in the visualspatial/executive domain task. This was observed not only in Stage 6 but also from the beginning of the adaptation process. Conclusion The adaptation process yielded an instrument with satisfactory content validity.

ABSTRACT Purpose To present the criterion validity, sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off scores for the Profiles of Early Expressive Phonological Skills Test - Brazilian Portuguese (PEEPS-BP) - Expanded List. Methods This was a quantitative cross-sectional psychometric study. The sample consisted of 30 children with no identified neurodevelopmental disorders aged 24 to 36 months. Twenty-three were part of the control group, and seven were part of the clinical group, which consisted of children with reported delays in vocabulary acquisition and phonological development. Children were administered the PEEPS-BP - Expanded List and responses to each item/stimulus were analyzed based on the following categories: spontaneous naming, repetition, and not naming the item at all. Criterion validity was established using Student’s T-test to compare the scores obtained by clinical and control group participants on the instrument. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curves. Results were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. Results Scores of the clinical and control groups differed significantly at p ≤ 0.001. A cut-off point of 34 had a sensitivity of 0.957 and specificity of 100.00 in distinguishing between the two participant groups. Conclusion The PEEPS-BP had adequate criterion validity and cut-off points that could distinguish between the clinical and control group with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity.

RESUMO Objetivo Adaptar e validar um instrumento para avaliar a percepção de pares de contraste mínimo na língua de sinais chilena (ChSL). Método Este estudo foi desenvolvido em sete etapas, sendo a primeira delas a identificação dos pares de contraste mínimo na língua de sinais (Etapa 1). Posteriormente, esses pares foram avaliados por quatro juízes especialistas (Etapa 2). Na Etapa 3, um ilustrador profissional criou os desenhos correspondentes a cada par. Na Etapa 4, os pares foram avaliados por juízes não especialistas. A Etapa 5 envolveu o desenvolvimento de materiais do teste. Na Etapa 6, foi produzida uma gravação em vídeo dos estímulos-teste. Na Etapa 7, foi realizado um estudo piloto envolvendo seis crianças e adolescentes surdos. Resultados Na Etapa 1, foram identificados 69 pares de contraste mínimo. Na Etapa 2, os juízes alcançaram taxas de concordância aceitáveis em 46 (CVR ≥ 0,95; AC1=0,659, considerado substancial). Após avaliar sua relevância e presença no vocabulário infantil, os juízes selecionaram 29 pares. Isso foi seguido por uma avaliação de representatividade, que reduziu os estímulos a 24 pares. Na Etapa 3, foram elaborados desenhos para representar cada item dos 24 pares. Os juízes não especialistas (Etapa 4) revelaram a necessidade de redesenhar seis pares. Nas Etapas 5 e 6, as ilustrações foram ajustadas e um vídeo foi gravado para exibir as instruções do teste. Na Etapa 7, a amostra piloto entendeu o teste e o concluiu com sucesso em sua totalidade. Conclusão O instrumento para avaliação da percepção de pares de contraste mínimo em ChSL foi adaptado com sucesso e apresentou validade de conteúdo adequada. ChSL. . (ChSL) etapas 1. 1 1) Posteriormente 2. 2 2) 3 par 4 6 estímulosteste. estímulosteste estímulos-teste 7 surdos CVR 0,95 095 0 95 AC10659 AC AC1 659 AC1=0,659 substancial. substancial substancial) infantil representatividade totalidade adequada (ChSL 0,9 09 9 AC1065 65 AC1=0,65 0, AC106 AC1=0,6 AC10 AC1=0, AC1=0 AC1=

ABSTRACT Purpose to adapt and assess content validity of the the Minimal Contrasts Perception instrument to Chilean sign language (ChSL). Methods this study was conducted in seven stages: stage 1: identification of minimal contrast pairs in sign language. Stage 2: Jugment by four expert judges. Stage 3: Drawings creation. Stage 4: the pairs were assessed by non-expert judges. Stage 5: development of test materials. Stage 6: a video recording of the test stimuli was produced. Stage 7: a pilot study was conducted. Results in Stage 1, 69 minimal contrast pairs were identified. In Stage 2, the judges achieved acceptable agreement rates on 46 (CVR ≥ 0.95; AC1=0.659). After assessing their relevance and presence in children’s vocabulary, the judges selected 29 pairs. This was followed by an assessment of representativeness, which narrowed down the stimuli to 24 pairs. In Stage 3, drawings of the 24 pairs were created. Non-specialist judges in Stage 4 revealed the need for six pairs to be re-drawn. Stages 5 and 6, the illustrations were adjusted, and a video was recorded to display the test instructions. In Stage 7, the pilot sample understood and completed the test successfully. Conclusion the instrument was adapted and displayed adequate content validity. ChSL. ChSL . (ChSL) stages 1 2 3 creation nonexpert non materials 6 produced 7 identified CVR 0.95 095 0 95 AC1=0.659. AC10659 AC AC1=0.659 AC1 659 AC1=0.659) childrens children s vocabulary representativeness created Nonspecialist Non specialist redrawn. redrawn re drawn. drawn re-drawn adjusted instructions successfully (ChSL 0.9 09 9 AC1065 AC1=0.65 65 0. AC106 AC1=0.6 AC10 AC1=0. AC1=0 AC1=

RESUMO Objetivo Buscar evidências de validade e fidedignidade para o Teste de Fala Comprimida com Figuras. Método O estudo foi subdividido em três etapas: validação de construto, critério e fidedignidade. Todos os participantes tinham idade entre 6:00 e 8:11. Para o construto, aplicou-se o Fala Comprimida com Figuras e o teste padrão ouro Fala Comprimida Adaptado em crianças com desenvolvimento fonológico típico. Para análise de critério, aplicou-se o Fala Comprimida com Figuras em dois grupos, com desenvolvimento fonológico típico (G1) e atípico (G2). Por fim, os protocolos de aplicação passaram pela análise de duas Fonoaudiólogas, com experiência na área do Processamento Auditivo Central, buscando obter uma análise de fidedignidade interavaliadores. Resultados O teste de correlação indicou um construto quase perfeito (Rho=0,843 para orelha direita e Rho=0,823 para orelha esquerda). Na análise de critério, percebeu-se que ambos os grupos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios (G1 = 99,6 a 100%; G2 = 96 a 96,5%). Já a análise de fidedignidade demonstrou que o protocolo é de fácil análise, pois ambos os profissionais apresentaram respostas unânimes. Conclusão Foi possível obter evidências de validade e fidedignidade para o instrumento de Fala Comprimida com Figuras. A análise de construto evidenciou que o instrumento mede a mesma variável que o teste padrão outro, com correlação quase perfeita. Na análise de critério, ambos os grupos apresentaram desempenho semelhante, demonstrando que o instrumento não parece diferenciar populações com e sem transtorno fonológico leve. A análise de fidedignidade interavaliador demonstrou que o protocolo é de fácil análise e pontuação. etapas 600 6 00 6:0 811. 811 8 11. 11 8:11 aplicouse aplicou se G1 G G2. . (G2) fim Fonoaudiólogas Central interavaliadores Rho=0,843 Rho0843 Rho 0 843 (Rho=0,84 Rho0823 823 Rho=0,82 esquerda. esquerda esquerda) percebeuse percebeu (G 996 99 99, 100% 100 9 96,5%. 965 96,5% 5 96,5%) unânimes outro perfeita semelhante leve pontuação 60 6: 81 1 8:1 (G2 Rho=0,84 Rho084 84 (Rho=0,8 Rho082 82 Rho=0,8 10 96,5 8: Rho08 (Rho=0, Rho=0, 96, Rho0 (Rho=0 Rho=0 (Rho= Rho= (Rho

ABSTRACT Purpose To seek evidence of validity and reliability for the Compressed Speech Test with Figures. Methods The study was subdivided into three stages: construct validation, criteria and reliability. All participants were aged between 6:00 and 8:11. For the construct, Compressed Speech with Figures and the gold standard Adapted Compressed Speech test were applied to children with typical phonological development. For criterion analysis, Compressed Speech with Figures was applied in two groups, with typical (G1) and atypical (G2) phonological development. Finally, the application protocols underwent analysis by two Speech Therapists, with experience in the area of Central Auditory Processing, seeking to obtain an inter-evaluator reliability analysis. Results The correlation test indicated an almost perfect construct (correlation 0.843 for the right ear and 0.823 for the left ear). In the criterion analysis, it was noticed that both groups presented satisfactory results (G1 = 99.6 to 100%; G2 = 96 to 96.5%). The reliability analysis demonstrated that the protocol is easy to analyze, as both professionals presented unanimous responses. Conclusion It was possible to obtain evidence of validity and reliability for the Compressed Speech with Figures instrument. The construct analysis showed that the instrument measures the same variable as the gold standard test, with an almost perfect correlation. In the criterion analysis, both groups presented similar performance, demonstrating that the instrument does not seem to differentiate populations with and without mild phonological disorder. The inter-evaluator reliability analysis demonstrated that the protocol is easy to analyze and score. stages validation 600 6 00 6:0 811. 811 8 11. 11 8:11 development G1 G (G2 Finally Therapists Processing interevaluator inter evaluator 0843 0 843 0.84 0823 823 0.82 ear. . ear) (G 996 99 99. 100% 100 9 96.5%. 965 96.5% 5 96.5%) responses performance disorder score 60 6: 81 1 8:1 084 84 0.8 082 82 10 96.5 8: 08 0. 96.

RESUMO Objetivo Propor um instrumento para a avaliação do reconhecimento de fala na presença de ruído competitivo. Definir sua estratégia de aplicação, para ser aplicado na rotina clínica. Obter evidências de validade de critério e apresentar seus valores de referência. Método Estudo realizado em três etapas: Organização do material que compôs o Teste de Palavras no Ruído (Etapa 1); Definição da estratégia de aplicação do instrumento (Etapa 2); Investigação da validade de critério e definição dos valores de referência para o teste (Etapa 3), por meio da avaliação de 50 sujeitos adultos normo-ouvintes e 12 sujeitos com perda auditiva. Resultados O Teste de Palavras no Ruído é composto por listas de vocábulos mono e dissilábicos e um ruído com espectro de fala (Etapa 1). Foi definida como estratégia de aplicação do teste, a realização do Limiar de Reconhecimento de Fala com ruído fixo em 55 dBNA (Etapa 2). Quanto à validade de critério, o instrumento apresentou adequada capacidade de distinção entre os sujeitos normo-ouvintes e os sujeitos com perda auditiva (Etapa 3). Foram definidos como valores de referência para o teste, os pontos de corte expressos em relação sinal/ruído de 1,47 dB para o estímulo monossilábico e de -2,02 dB para o dissilábico. Conclusão O Teste de Palavras no Ruído demonstrou ser rápido e de fácil aplicação e interpretação dos resultados, podendo ser uma ferramenta útil a ser utilizada na rotina clínica audiológica. Além disso, apresentou evidências satisfatórias de validade de critério, com valores de referência estabelecidos. competitivo etapas Etapa 1 1) 2 2) 3, 3 , 3) 5 normoouvintes normo ouvintes 1. . 2. 3. sinalruído sinal 147 47 1,4 2,02 202 02 -2,0 dissilábico resultados audiológica disso estabelecidos 14 4 1, 2,0 20 0 -2, 2, -2 -

ABSTRACT Purpose To propose an instrument for assessing speech recognition in the presence of competing noise. To define its application strategy for use in clinical practice. To obtain evidence of criterion validity and present reference values. Methods The study was conducted in three stages: Organization of the material comprising the Word-with-Noise Test (Stage 1); Definition of the instrument's application strategy (Stage 2); Investigation of criterion validity and definition of reference values for the test (Stage 3) through the evaluation of 50 normal-hearing adult subjects and 12 subjects with hearing loss. Results The Word-with-Noise Test consists of lists of monosyllabic and disyllabic words and speech spectrum noise (Stage 1). The application strategy for the test was defined as the determination of the Speech Recognition Threshold with a fixed noise level at 55 dBHL (Stage 2). Regarding criterion validity, the instrument demonstrated adequate ability to distinguish between normal-hearing subjects and subjects with hearing loss (Stage 3). Reference values for the test were established as cut-off points expressed in terms of signal-to-noise ratio: 1.47 dB for the monosyllabic stimulus and -2.02 dB for the disyllabic stimulus. Conclusion: The Word-with-Noise Test proved to be quick to administer and interpret, making it a useful tool in audiological clinical practice. Furthermore, it showed satisfactory evidence of criterion validity, with established reference values. practice stages WordwithNoise Word Noise Stage 1 1) instruments s 2 2) 3 5 normalhearing normal 1. . 2. 3. cutoff cut off signaltonoise signal ratio 147 47 1.4 2.02 202 02 -2.0 Conclusion interpret Furthermore 14 4 2.0 20 0 -2. -2 -

RESUMO Objetivo Realizar a adaptação transcultural do Instrumento Profiles of Early Expressive Phonological Skills- Brazilian Portuguese (PEEPS-BP) - Lista expandida, realizando a validação de conteúdo. Método Estudo de adaptação transcultural, quantitativo e transversal, considerando critérios psicométricos. Realizou-se o estudo da lista de 423 palavras do Inventário de Desenvolvimento Comunicativo- MacArthur- Palavras e Sentenças, adaptado para o Português Brasileiro. O método foi dividido em quatro Etapas. A lista foi julgada por juízes especialistas (JE) e juízes não especialistas (JNE), considerando como critério a familiaridade da palavra para uma criança entre 24 e 36 meses, e a representatividade da palavra com brinquedo/objeto, contemplando as Etapas 1 e 2. Os juízes crianças analisaram, em situação de coleta de dados, a familiaridade e a representatividade das palavras-estímulos, apresentado na Etapa 3. Após, realizou-se o estudo piloto- Etapa 4, com as palavras-estímulo selecionadas. Na análise estatística dos juízes especialistas e não especialistas utilizou-se o índice de Concordância do Kappa Fleiss e Gwet. Na análise das respostas dos juízes crianças e no estudo piloto, a análise foi feita em relação ao tipo de resposta da criança, especificamente pontuando a nomeação espontânea do brinquedo/objeto, pontuando de forma qualitativa. Resultados O resultado da Etapa 1 e 2, e a concordância dos testes estatísticos para os critérios de Familiaridade e Representatividade foi de 45,7% para JE e 76,4% para JNE, e resultado de 100% para a concordância da Representatividade. Foram analisadas 122 palavras, resultantes dos critérios previamente estabelecidos, totalizando 34 palavras (exclusão de uma palavra por parte das pesquisadoras), totalizando 33 palavras-estímulos. Na Etapa 3, das 33 palavras-estímulos aplicadas, nove apresentaram pontuação de nomeação espontânea abaixo do esperado, sendo retestadas para a Etapa 4, Estudo Piloto. O resultado do Estudo Piloto evidenciou que das nove palavras-estímulos retestadas, quatro delas ainda apresentaram pontuação abaixo, sendo excluídas do estudo. Portanto com a aplicação do estudo piloto a lista expandida do PEEPS-BP, resultou em 29 palavras. Conclusão O PEEPS-BP - Lista Expandida apresentou evidências de validade de conteúdo satisfatórias para a adaptação transcultural do teste. Skills PEEPSBP PEEPS BP (PEEPS-BP transversal psicométricos Realizouse Realizou se 42 Comunicativo MacArthur Sentenças Brasileiro (JE JNE , (JNE) 2 3 meses brinquedoobjeto brinquedo objeto brinquedo/objeto analisaram dados palavrasestímulos, palavrasestímulos estímulos, estímulos Após realizouse realizou 4 palavrasestímulo estímulo selecionadas utilizouse utilizou Gwet qualitativa 457 45 7 45,7 764 76 76,4 100 12 estabelecidos exclusão pesquisadoras, pesquisadoras pesquisadoras) palavrasestímulos. estímulos. aplicadas esperado PEEPSBP, BP, teste (JNE 45, 76, 10

ABSTRACT Purpose To carry out the cross-cultural adaptation of the Instrument Profiles of Early Expressive Phonological Skills- Brazilian Portuguese (PEEPS-BP) - Expanded list, performing content validation. Methods Cross-cultural, quantitative and cross- sectional adaptation study, considering psychometric criteria. A study was carried out on the list of 423 words from the Communicative Development Inventory - MacArthur - Words and Sentences, adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. The method was divided into four steps. The list was judged by expert judges (JE) and non-specialist judges (JNE), considering as a criterion the familiarity of the word for a child aged between 24 and 36 months, and the representativeness of the word with toy/object, contemplating Steps 1 and 2. The child judges analyzed, in a data collection situation, the familiarity and representativeness of the stimulus-words, presented in Step 3. Afterwards, the pilot study - Step 4, was carried out with the selected stimulus-words. In the statistical analysis by expert and non-specialist judges, the Fleiss’ Kappa and Gwet Concordance index was used. In the analysis of the responses of the child judges and in the Pilot Study, the analysis was made in relation to the type of response of the child, specifically scoring the spontaneous naming of the toy/object, scoring qualitatively. Results The result of Steps 1 and 2, and the agreement of the statistical tests for the Familiarity and Representativeness criteria was 45.7% for JE and 76.4% for JNE, and a result of 100% for the agreement of Representativeness. A total of 122 words were analyzed, resulting from previously established criteria, totaling 34 words (exclusion of one word by the researchers), totaling 33 stimulus-words. In Stage 3, of the 33 stimulus-words applied, nine presented spontaneous naming scores below expectations, being retested for Step 4, the Pilot Study. The result of the Pilot Study showed that of the nine retested stimulus-words, four of them still had a score below, being excluded from the study. Therefore, with the application of the Pilot Study, the expanded list of PEEPS-BP resulted in 29 words. Conclusion The PEEPS-BP - Expanded List showed satisfactory evidence of content validity for the cross-cultural adaptation of the test. crosscultural cross cultural Skills PEEPSBP PEEPS BP (PEEPS-BP validation Crosscultural, Crosscultural Cross cultural, Cross-cultural 42 Sentences steps (JE nonspecialist non specialist JNE , (JNE) 2 3 months toyobject toy object toy/object analyzed situation stimuluswords, stimuluswords stimulus words, Afterwards 4 stimuluswords. Fleiss used qualitatively 457 45 7 45.7 764 76 76.4 100 12 exclusion researchers, researchers researchers) applied expectations Therefore test (JNE 45. 76. 10

ABSTRACT Purpose To develop and validate an experimental verbal episodic memory task in Spanish. Methods Six encoding blocks were elaborated, three deep and three superficial, each one with different demands of cognitive effort. The blocks were reviewed by four expert judges and tested in a pilot application. The agreement was assessed on whether the task allowed combined processing level and cognitive effort to be manipulated during incidental encoding of words, as well as clarity of instructions, examples, and workflow. Results Variables such as lexical availability, metrics, and strength of association were useful to differentiate the cognitive effort between each block. The judges agreed that the processing blocks allowed a combined manipulation of the level of processing and cognitive effort and that the instructions are precise. After the pilot, the participants agreed that the instructions, examples, and way of working were easy to understand and perform. Conclusion The results provide evidence of validity related to the content for the proposed experimental task, thus becoming a viable alternative to consider in research aimed at identifying environmental factors that contribute to compensating the defects shown by episodic memory with age.

RESUMEN Propósito Elaborar y validar una tarea experimental de memoria episódica verbal en español. Método Se elaboraron seis bloques de codificación: tres profundos y tres superficiales, cado uno con distintas demandas de esfuerzo cognitivo. Los bloques fueron revisados por cuatro jueces expertos y examinados en una aplicación piloto. Se evaluó la concordancia respecto a si la tarea permitía manipular combinadamente el nivel de procesamiento y el esfuerzo cognitivo durante la codificación incidental de palabras, así como la claridad de las instrucciones, ejemplos y dinámica de trabajo. Resultados Variables como la disponibilidad léxica, metría y fuerza de asociación fueron útiles para diferenciar el esfuerzo cognitivo entre cada bloque. Los jueces concordaron que los bloques de procesamiento admiten una manipulación combinada del nivel de procesamiento y esfuerzo cognitivo y que las instrucciones son precisas. Luego del pilotaje, los participantes concordaron que las instrucciones, ejemplos y forma de trabajo eran fácil de comprender y realizar. Conclusión Los resultados proporcionan evidencia de validez relacionada con el contenido para la tarea experimental propuesta, transformándose con ello en una alternativa viable de considerar en investigaciones orientadas a identificar factores ambientales que contribuyan a compensar los defectos que muestra la memoria episódica con la edad.

ABSTRACT Purpose Obtain evidence of the test reliability to evaluate the perception of minimum contrasts in Chilean Sign Language (LSCh). Methods Ten deaf children and adolescents aged between 7 and 14 years participated in this study. They were evaluated with the test of perception of minimal contrasts in LSCh. The test was reapplied 11 and 14 days after the first application (test-retest reliability). Spearman's Rho correlation was performed. During the first application, authorization was requested from the parents of the children and adolescents to record the responses of the participants so that another evaluator could re-score the protocols, in order to obtain inter-rater reliability. First-order agreement coefficient (AC1) Gwet’s was used for data analysis. Results Test-retest obtained a strong and significant correlation (Rho= 0.741; p=0.014). The concordance values obtained inter-rater vary between 0.962 and 1 (p<0.001), indicating that the test presents almost perfect concordance. Conclusion The minimum pairs perception test in LSCh presents satisfactory test-retest and inter-rater reliability.

RESUMEN Objetivo Obtener evidencias de confiabilidad de la prueba para evaluar la percepción de los contrastes mínimos en Lengua de Señas Chilena (LSCh). Método Participaron 10 niños y adolescentes Sordos con edades entre los 7 y 14 años, que fueron evaluados con la prueba de percepción de los contrastes mínimos en LSCh. En un primer momento se les aplicó la prueba, y entre 11 y 14 días después se les reaplicó nuevamente (confiabilidad test - retest). Para analizar los datos, fue realizada la correlación Rho de Spearman. Durante la primera aplicación se solicitó autorización a los padres de los niños y adolescentes para grabar las respuestas de los participantes para que otro evaluador pudiese repuntuar los protocolos, con el fin de obtener la confiabilidad interevaluador. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el cálculo estadístico first-order agreement coefficient (AC1) de Gwet. Resultados En la confiabilidad test - retest se obtuvo una correlación fuerte y significativa (Rho= 0,741; p=0,014). En la confiabilidad interevaluador, los valores de concordancia obtenidos varían entre 0,962 a 1 (p<0,001), indicando que la prueba presenta concordancia casi perfecta. Conclusión La prueba de percepción de pares de mínimos en LSCh presenta confiabilidad test - retest e interevaluador satisfactoria.

ABSTRACT Purpose: to carry out the semantic analysis of a list of words that will compose a virtual tool for speech assessment for children and adolescents. Methods: twenty-three participants, aged between 2 years old and 17 years and 11 months old, from the central region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, assigned the concept of 91 words. Data analysis was performed quantitatively, considering the concept of each word as correct or incorrect. Content Validity Ratio (RVC) and Gwet’s first-order agreement coefficient (AC1) statistical calculation were calculated. Results: from the word list analyzed, 42 stimuli presented CVR = 1; 30 words obtained CVR = 0.9; 11 with CVR = 0.8; six with CVR = 0.7; two had CVR = 0.4. Gwet's AC1 statistical calculation resulted in AC1 = 0.92 [CI = 0.90 - 0.94] for semantic analysis. Conclusion: the list consisted of 91 semantically validated words that can be used to assess the speech production of children and adolescents.

RESUMO Objetivo: realizar a análise semântica da lista de palavras que comporá um Instrumento Virtual de Avaliação da Fala para crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: vinte e três participantes, com idades entre 2 e 17 anos e 11 meses, atribuíram o conceito de 91 palavras. A análise dos dados foi realizada de forma quantitativa, considerando a conceituação de cada palavra como correta ou incorreta. Foi realizado cálculo da Razão de Validade de Conteúdo (RVC) e o cálculo estatístico first-order agreement coefficient (AC1) de Gwet. Resultados: da lista de palavras analisada, 42 estímulos apresentaram RVC=1; 30 palavras obtiveram RVC=0,9; 11 com RVC=0,8; seis com RVC=0,7; duas apresentaram RVC=0,4. O cálculo estatístico AC1 de Gwet resultou em AC1=0,92 [IC=0,90 - 0,94] para a análise semântica. Conclusão: a lista ficou constituída de 91 palavras validadas semanticamente e que podem servir para avaliação da produção de fala de crianças e adolescentes.

RESUMO Objetivo verificar se, por conta da pandemia, os fonoaudiólogos clínicos estavam realizando teleatendimento, se faziam avaliações de fala utilizando o meio virtual e de que modo o faziam, bem como quais instrumentos utilizavam. Métodos a amostra foi composta por 271 fonoaudiólogos clínicos do país. Foi enviado um questionário online com perguntas a respeito da sua formação e atuação profissional, da realização de atendimentos fonoaudiológicos (avaliação, acompanhamento e terapia) e avaliações de fala por meio da telessaúde, isto é, se estavam realizando atendimento e avaliação por esse meio e como o estavam fazendo. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente. Resultados a maioria dos fonoaudiólogos que participaram do estudo estava realizando atendimentos por meio da telessaúde. Porém, apenas um pequeno grupo dos profissionais realizou avaliação da fala nessa modalidade, utilizando, como método de coleta de dados a fala espontânea, figuras para nomeação, instrumentos adaptados para o meio virtual – Teste de Linguagem Infantil (ABFW) e Avaliação Fonológica da Criança (AFC) -, vídeos enviados pelos familiares, entre outros. Ainda, mais da metade dos fonoaudiólogos referiu acreditar que seja viável realizar avaliação da fala por telessaúde. Entretanto, consideraram que a avaliação por esse meio não tem a mesma efetividade que a avaliação presencial. Conclusão a telessaúde, embora pouco difundida no Brasil, apresenta profissionais fonoaudiólogos atuantes na modalidade. Nesse sentido, surge a necessidade de adaptação de instrumentos de avaliação para aplicação virtual, além de aperfeiçoamento da infraestrutura (áudio, vídeo, suporte e rede de internet).

ABSTRACT Purpose to verify if, due to the pandemic, clinical speech therapists perform teleservice, if they carry out speech assessments using the virtual environment and how they are doing it, as well as which instruments they use. Methods the sample consisted of 271 clinical speech therapists in the country. An online questionnaire was sent with questions about their education and professional performance, speech therapy services (assessment, monitoring and therapy) and speech assessments through Telehealth, that is, if they were performing care and assessment through this means and how they were doing it. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results Most speech therapists who participated in the study were providing assistance through Telehealth. However, only a small group of professionals performed speech assessment in this modality, using spontaneous speech as a data collection method, pictures for naming, instruments adapted for the virtual environment – ABFW and AFC, videos sent by family members, among others. Furthermore, more than half of the speech therapists believe that it is feasible to carry out speech assessment using Telehealth. However, they consider that the evaluation by this means does not have the same effectiveness as the face-to-face evaluation. Conclusion Telehealth, although not widespread in Brazil, has speech therapist professionals working in this modality. In this sense, there is a need to adapt assessment instruments for virtual application, in addition to improving the infrastructure (audio, video, support and internet network).

RESUMO Dificuldade nas habilidades de alfabetização são frequentemente observadas em crianças com Apraxia da Fala na Infância (AFI). Isso ocorre porque a linguagem oral tem relação direta com a aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho na tarefa de acurácia de uma intervenção integrada de consciência fonoarticulatória, habilidades motoras e letramento de três crianças com AFI. Três meninos com idade entre 5:3 e 5:8 anos, com AFI, receberam 2 horas semanais de sessões de terapia baseadas na alfabetização e habilidades motoras. As crianças foram avaliadas antes e após a terapia e em uma avaliação de manutenção 1 mês após o término do tratamento. As crianças melhoraram na tarefa de precisão, considerando o nível de seus déficits. A melhora foi mantida na avaliação de manutenção. A terapia baseada na alfabetização, considerando a consciência fonológica e as habilidades motoras, pode ajudar as crianças com AFI, mas a gravidade dos problemas de comunicação das crianças deve ser levada em consideração.

ABSTRACT Difficult in literacy skills are often seen in children with Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS). This occurs because oral language has direct relationship with reading and writing learning. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance in the accuracy task of an integrated phonoarticulatory awareness, motor skills and literacy intervention of three children with CAS. Three boys between 5;3 and 5;8 years of age, with CAS, were offered 2 hours per week of therapy sessions based on literacy and motor skills. The children were assessed before and after therapy and at a maintenance assessment 1 month after the treatment ceased. The children improved on the accuracy task considering their deficits level. Improvement was maintained at the maintenance assessment. Therapy based on literacy considering phonoarticulatory awareness and motor skills can help children with CAS, but the severity of the children’s communication problems must be taken into consideration.

RESUMO Objetivo analisar e comparar o desempenho e as estratégias utilizadas por indivíduos controle e pacientes com lesão cerebral unilateral em tarefas de Fluência Verbal fonêmica e semântica. Método A amostra foi composta por 104 participantes, divididos em quatro grupos (26 com lesão no hemisfério esquerdo e afasia - LHEa, 28 com lesão no hemisfério esquerdo e sem afasia - LHEna, 25 com lesão no hemisfério direito - LHD e 25 controles neurologicamente saudáveis). Todos os participantes realizaram tarefas de fluência verbal fonêmica – FVF (com letra “M”) e semântica- FVS (animais) da Bateria Montreal-Toulouse de Avaliação da Linguagem (MTL-BR). Resultados Pacientes do grupo LHEa apresentaram pior desempenho (menos palavras produzidas, menos clusters e switching) nos dois tipos de tarefas de fluência. O grupo LHD mostrou menos produções de switching quando comparado aos controles. O grupo LHEna teve menos produções de palavras que os controles no primeiro bloco de 30 segundos. Conclusão Nossos achados concluem que o grupo LHEa obteve escores mais baixos na maioria das medidas de FVS e FVF quando comparado aos demais grupos.

ABSTRACT Purpose The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the performance and strategies used by control subjects and patients with unilateral brain damage on phonemic and semantic Verbal Fluency tasks. Methods The sample consisted of 104 participants divided into four groups (26 with left hemisphere damage and aphasia- LHDa, 28 with left hemisphere damage and no aphasia- LHDna, 25 with right hemisphere damage- RHD and 25 neurologically healthy control subjects). All participants were administered the phonemic (“M” letter-based) and semantic (animals) verbal fluency tasks from the Montreal-Toulouse Language Assessment Battery (MTL-BR). Results Patients in the LHDa group showed the worst performance (fewer words produced, fewer clusters and switches) in both types of fluency task. RHD group showed fewer switching productions when compared with controls and LHDna had fewer words productions than controls in the first 30 seconds block. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the LHDa group obtained lower scores in most measures of SVF and PVF when compared to the other groups.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to describe and compare the performance of older adults with normal hearing and hearing impairments in mismatch negativity (MMN), correlate MMN with cognitive tasks and central auditory processing (CAP), and identify normal values for MMN in older adults. METHODS: This study had 54 participants. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess cognition and the random gap detection test (RGDT), dichotic digit test (DDT), and speech to noise (SN) test were used to evaluate CAP. MMN was elicited with the verbal stimulus /da/ (frequent) and /ta/ (rare), and the latency, amplitude, duration, and area were analyzed. RESULTS: When comparing the normal-hearing group to those with hearing loss, there was no significant difference in MMN. When correlating MMN with MoCA, RGDT, DDT, and the SN test, there was a weak correlation between the MMN amplitude and the RGDT and DDT. When comparing the MMN of participants with normal and altered cognitive aspects and those with normal and altered DDT, the MMN duration was found to be affected by the DDT. The mean latency value of the MMN in the normal-hearing group was 199.8 ms, the amplitude was -2.2 µV, area was 116.1 µV/ms, and duration was 81.2 ms. CONCLUSION: Mild hearing loss did not influence MMN. There was no correlation between MMN and cognitive aspects, and there were weak correlations with CAP. Alterations in CAP led to longer durations in MMN. Normal values for MMN in adults aged between 60 and 77 years were generated.

Abstract Background Evaluating patients in the acute phase of brain damage allows for the early detection of cognitive and linguistic impairments and the implementation of more effective interventions. However, few cross-cultural instruments are available for the bedside assessment of language abilities. The aim of this study was to develop a brief assessment instrument and evaluate its content validity. Methods Stimuli for the new assessment instrument were selected from the M1-Alpha and MTL-BR batteries (Stage 1). Sixty-five images were redesigned and analyzed by non-expert judges (Stage 2). This was followed by the analysis of expert judges (Stage 3), where nine speech pathologists with doctoral training and experience in aphasiology and/or linguistics evaluated the images, words, nonwords, and phrases for inclusion in the instrument. Two pilot studies (Stage 4) were then conducted in order to identify any remaining errors in the instrument and scoring instructions. Results Sixty of the 65 figures examined by the judges achieved inter-rater agreement rates of at least 80%. Modifications were suggested to 22 images, which were therefore reanalyzed by the judges, who reached high levels of inter-rater agreement (AC1 = 0.98 [CI = 0.96–1]). New types of stimuli such as nonwords and irregular words were also inserted in the Brief Battery and favorably evaluated by the expert judges. Optional tasks were also developed for specific diagnostic situations. After the correction of errors detected in Stage 4, the final version of the instrument was obtained. Conclusion This study confirmed the content validity of the Brief MTL-BR Battery. The method used in this investigation was effective and can be used in future studies to develop brief instruments based on preexisting assessment batteries.

RESUMO Objetivo Buscar evidências de validade e fidedignidade da Bateria Montreal de Avaliação da Comunicação Breve (MAC B) para adultos com lesão do hemisfério direito. Método Trezentos e vinte e quatro adultos saudáveis e 26 adultos com lesão cerebral direita, com idades de 19 a 75 anos, com dois ou mais anos de escolaridade, foram avaliados com a Bateria MAC B. Essa bateria contém nove tarefas que visam avaliar habilidades comunicativas, como: discurso prosódia; processo léxico-semântico e pragmática. Duas fontes de evidências de fidedignidade foram utilizadas, ou seja, a consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach) e a concordância entre avaliadores. A validade foi avaliada comparando as tarefas da Bateria MAC na versão expandida e da MAC B. Resultados Em relação à fidedignidade, a consistência interna foi satisfatória e as taxas de concordância entre os avaliadores foram consideradas excelentes, assim como as correlações entre as tarefas da Bateria MAC e Bateria MAC B. Conclusão A Bateria MAC B apresentou evidências de fidedignidade e validade satisfatórias, podendo ser usada como medida para resultado de programas de intervenção, e também auxiliar o fonoaudiólogo a planejar o programa de reabilitação.

ABSTRACT Purpose Search for reliability and validity evidence for the Montreal Communication Evaluation Brief Battery (MEC B) for adults with right brain damage. Methods Three hundred twenty-four healthy adults and 26 adults with right brain damage, aged 19-75 years, with two or more years of education were evaluated with MEC B. The MEC B Battery contains nine tasks that aim to evaluate communicative abilities as discourse, prosody, lexical-semantic and pragmatic process. Two sources of reliability evidence were used: internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) and interrater reliability. Construct validity was evaluated comparing the Montreal Communication Evaluation Battery (MEC), expanded version and MEC B tasks. Results Internal consistence was satisfactory and the interrater reliability was considered excellent, as were correlations between MEC Battery and MEC B Battery tasks. Conclusion The MEC B Battery showed satisfactory reliability and validity evidences. It can be used as outcome measure of intervention programs and assist speech therapists to plan rehabilitation programs.