Resumo O sushi é um alimento pronto para consumo composto de arroz acidificado com vinagre e recheio de peixes crus e vegetais. O ácido acético do vinagre diminui o pH do arroz e auxilia na conservação do sushi por retardar o crescimento microbiano. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito antibacteriano do vinagre de arroz mediante determinação da sua concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) e determinar a qualidade microbiológica de sushis comercializados na cidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal. Para as análises microbiológicas, dez amostras de sushi foram coletadas em restaurantes especializados em culinária oriental e dez amostras de sushi foram coletadas em locais não especializados em culinária oriental, como supermercados e padarias, totalizando 20 amostras. As análises realizadas foram contagem total de bactérias mesófilas e psicrotróficas, determinação de coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes, contagem de Staphylococcus aureus, pesquisa de Salmonella spp. e identificação molecular de S. aureus por PCR. O vinagre de arroz teve efeito antibacteriano tanto para as bactérias Gram-positivas (S. aureus e B. cereus) quanto para as bactérias Gram-negativas (S. enterica e E. coli) testadas neste estudo. Os valores de CBM variaram de 3 a 50 mg de ácido acético/mL e os valores de CIM variaram de 2,5 a 3,5 mg de ácido acético/ mL. A maioria das amostras de sushi avaliadas neste estudo (80%) estava em condições microbiológicas aceitáveis para o consumo, de acordo com a legislação brasileira. No entanto, quatro amostras (20%) excederam o limite aceitável para S. aureus, portanto estavam impróprias para consumo. Essas amostras impróprias para consumo eram provenientes dos restaurantes especializados em culinária oriental. A presença elevada de bactérias S. aureus nessas amostras de sushi indica condições higiênicas inapropriadas, por se tratar de uma bactéria procedente de manipulação humana inadequada.

Abstract Sushi is a ready-to-eat food composed of rice acidified with vinegar and stuffing of raw fish and vegetables. The acetic acid in the vinegar reduces the pH of the rice and helps in the conservation of the sushi, decreasing the microbial growth. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of rice vinegar by determining its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC); and to determine the microbiological quality of sushi marketed in the city of Brasília, Distrito Federal. We performed microbiological analysis in 10 samples of sushi collected in restaurants specialized in oriental cuisine and 10 samples of sushi collected in places not specialized in oriental cuisine such as supermarkets and bakeries, totaling 20 samples. The analyzes performed were total count of mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria, determination of total coliforms and thermotolerant coliforms, count of Staphylococcus aureus, research of Salmonella spp., and the molecular identification of S. aureus by PCR. Rice vinegar had an antibacterial effect for gram positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. cereus) and for gram negative bacteria (S. enterica and E. coli). MBC values ranged from 3.0 to 50.0 mg acetic acid/mL and MIC values ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 mg acetic acid/mL. Most of the sushi samples evaluated in this study (80%) presented acceptable microbiological conditions for consumption according to Brazilian legislation. However, 4 samples (20%) exceeded the acceptable limit for S. aureus and were considered unfit for consumption. The unfit for consumption samples were from restaurants specialized in oriental cuisine. The high presence of S. aureus bacteria in these sushi samples indicates inappropriate hygienic conditions, as this is a bacterium normally associated to inadequate human manipulation.

Abstract This study evaluated the microbiological quality of minimally processed vegetables commercialized in the city of Brasilia, DF, Brazil. A total of 32 samples of different vegetables were purchased from 10 supermarkets. In most samples (78.1%) the populations of psychrotrophic bacteria had a high count ranging from 106 to 108 CFU/g. Thermotolerant coliforms were found in all samples, with populations higher than 102 MPN/g in 15 samples (46.9%). After molecular analyses, E. coli was identified in 16 samples (50.0%) and Salmonella spp. in 4 samples (12.5%). S. aureus was found in 14 samples (43.8%), with counts higher than 103 CFU/g in 4 samples (12.5%). The results obtained in this study showed that 16 samples (50%) were unfit for consumption according to Brazilian legislation. These results indicated the need of adoption of better hygienic practices in the production of minimally processed vegetables to improve quality and microbiological safety.

Resumo No Japão, o feijão azuki é comumente usado na elaboração de doce, observando-se que a sua casca vermelha é rica em antioxidantes. No Brasil, o feijão azuki ainda é pouco consumido e o doce de feijão é pouco conhecido pelos brasileiros. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar quimicamente o feijão azuki vermelho (Vigna angularis), bem como avaliar a influência do cozimento sobre o seu teor de compostos fenólicos e a sua atividade antioxidante. Buscou-se também avaliar a composição química dos doces formulados com feijão azuki. Os resultados obtidos para a composição química mostraram que o feijão azuki apresentou elevados teores de carboidratos (65,60 g/100 g) e proteínas (17,87 g/100 g). O feijão azuki cozido, comparado ao feijão azuki cru, perdeu grande parte dos compostos fenólicos, mas ainda manteve quase metade da atividade antioxidante. Os doces de feijão azuki em massa e em pasta apresentaram, respectivamente, alto teor de carboidratos de 67,09 e 46,20 g/100 g, teores de proteínas de 4,02 e 6,48 g/100 g, e baixo teor de lipídios de 0,33 e 2,73 g/100 g. O feijão azuki vermelho mostrou ter um bom potencial tecnológico para sua utilização no processamento dos doces de feijão.

Abstract In Japan, azuki beans are commonly used in the preparation of desserts and their red seed coats are rich in antioxidants. In Brazil, azuki beans are still little consumed and the bean dessert little known by Brazilians. The aim of this study was to characterize red azuki beans (Vigna angularis) by means of chemical analyses, evaluate the influence of cooking on the total phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activity, and also evaluate the chemical composition of desserts formulated with azuki beans. The results obtained for the chemical composition showed that azuki beans presented high carbohydrate (65.60 g/100 g) and protein (17.87 g/100 g) contents. When compared to raw azuki beans, the cooked beans had lost most of the phenolic compounds, but still maintained nearly half of the antioxidant activity. The azuki bean desserts in the solid and paste forms presented, respectively, high carbohydrate contents (67.09 and 46.20 g/100 g), good protein contents (4.02 and 6.48 g/100 g) and low lipid contents (0.33 and 2.73 g/100 g). The red azuki beans showed good technological potential for use in the processing of bean desserts.

Yacon roots present functional properties because of the high levels of fructooligosaccharides (FOS), which are considered as prebiotic fibers. In addition, yacon roots are rich in phenolic compounds. During the processing of yacon, the freshly cut surface undergoes rapid enzymatic browning. Control of enzymatic browning during processing is very important to preserve the appearance of yacon flour. In this study, it was evaluated the combined effect of anti-browning agents (ascorbic acid, citric acid and L-cysteine) on the inhibition of enzymatic browning of yacon, using Response Surface Methodology. The yacon pre-treated with anti-browning agents in concentrations of 15.0 mM for ascorbic acid, 7.5 mM for citric acid and 10.0 mM for L-cysteine was used for the processing of flour. Yacon flour presented an attractive color and good sensory properties, without residual aroma. The contents of FOS and phenolic compounds obtained in yacon flour were 28.60 g.100 g- 1 and 1.35 g.100 g- 1. Yacon flour can be considered as a potential functional food, especially due to high levels of FOS, which allows for its use in formulation of various foods.

Fruta do conde, atemóia e graviola são frutos tropicais muito apreciados por seu sabor agradável, aromático e marcante. Neste trabalho, constatou-se que as polpas de frutas frescas tiveram altos valores nutricionais, uma vez que estas continham níveis significativos de carboidratos. Os resultados para a análise da composição química das polpas de frutas frescas, obtidos para fruta do conde, atemóia e graviola foram respectivamente: umidade (79,65, 77,06 e 85,30 g.100 g-1), carboidratos (20,52, 22,01 e 13,83 g.100 g-1), açúcares totais (19,57, 21,93 e 10,12 g.100 g-1) e sólidos solúveis (22,00 25,10 e 12,83 ºBrix). Com o objetivo de processar as frutas maduras para agregar valor a essas frutas, geleias foram desenvolvidas. Os resultados da análise da composição química das geleias de pinha, atemóia e graviola foram respectivamente: umidade (26,23, 27,94 e 21,52 g.100 g-1), carboidratos (73,05, 71,44 e 77,83 g.100 g-1), pH (3,41, 3,34 e 3,41) e sólidos solúveis (63,00, 65,00 e 68,60 ºBrix). As geleias foram submetidas à Análise Descritiva Quantitativa. Um total de 12 provadores treinados avaliaram os atributos sabor, consistência, aparência e aceitabilidade global das geleias em uma escala hedônica de 9 pontos. Baseado na avaliação sensorial, as geleias apresentaram uma boa aceitação global e a geleia de atemóia foi à preferida dos provadores.

Sugar apple, atemoya and soursop are tropical fruits very prized for their pleasant, aromatic and distinctive flavor. In this work, the fresh fruits pulps had high nutritional values, since they contain significant levels of carbohydrates. The results for the analysis of chemical composition of the fresh fruits pulps obtained for sugar apple, atemoya and soursop were respectively: moisture (79.65, 77.06 and 85.30 g.100 g-1), carbohydrates (20.52, 22.01 and 13.83 g.100 g-1), total sugars (19.57, 21.93 and 10.12 g.100 g-1) and soluble solids (22.00, 25.10 and 12.83 ºBrix). With the aim of processing the pulps of ripe fruits to add value to these fruits, jams have been developed. The results for the chemical composition analysis of sugar apple, atemoya and soursop jams were respectively: moisture (26.23, 27.94 and 21.52 g.100 g-1), carbohydrates (73.05, 71.44 and 77.83 g.100 g-1), pH (3.41, 3.34 and 3.41) and soluble solids (63.00, 65.00 and 68.60 ºBrix). The jams were subjected to Quantitative Descriptive Analysis. A total of 12 trained panelists evaluated the attributes flavor, consistency, appearance and overall acceptability of the jams on a 9-point hedonic scale. Based on sensory evaluation, jams presented a good overall acceptability and atemoya jam was the most preferred by the panelists.

A sapota (Quararibea cordata Vischer), também conhecida como chupa-chupa, é originária da Amazônia Brasileira, Peruana e Colombiana A polpa do fruto maduro é comestível, fibrosa, de cor alaranjada intensa, sabor doce e aromática. Por ser conhecida na Amazônia somente no seu estado domesticado, torna-se necessário este trabalho Assim, visando a atender a demanda por novos produtos no mercado nacional e internacional, foi desenvolvida a geleia da polpa de sapota. A geleia foi avaliada quanto aos teores de umidade, cinzas, lipídeos, proteínas, carboidratos, fibras alimentares, pectina, pH, acidez total, açúcares, ácidos orgânicos, carotenóides, além de compostos fenólicos e capacidade antioxidante. O produto final atendeu às normas exigidas pela legislação brasileira, sendo 32.68% de umidade e 61.06 °Brix. Também, em conformidade com a normas legais atribuídas a esse produto, a geleia da polpa de sapota pode ser considerada um alimento rico em fibras, já que apresentou teor acima de 5%. A geleia apresentou maiores teores de compostos fenólicos totais (102 mg GAE.100-1), em relação à fruta in natura (21 mg GAE.100 g-1). Houve a identificação na capacidade antioxidante na geleia de 9.05% de descoloração do radical DPPH, conferindo ao produto final propriedades antioxidantes. Foram analisadas ainda as características microbiológicas do produto onde não foi observada a presença de coliformes termotolerantes, bolores e leveduras. A sapota pode ser considerada matéria-prima efetiva no preparo de geleia e esta apresentou atividade antioxidante e fonte de fibras.

Sapote (Quararibea cordata Vischer), also known as a chupa-chupa, is originated from the Brazilian, Peruvian and Colombian Amazon. The pulp of the ripe fruit is edible, fibrous, of intense orange color, sweet flavor and aromatic. Since the fruit is known in the Amazon only in its domesticated state, this work becomes necessary. With the aim of meeting the demand for new products in domestic and international markets, sapota pulp jelly has been developed. The jelly was assessed for moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, pectin, pH, total acidity, solids soluble, sugars, organic acids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. The final product met the standards required by Brazilian law, and 32.68% moisture and 61.06% °Brix. Also, in accordance with the laws attributed to this product, jelly sapota pulp can be considered a food rich in fiber, as presented content above 5%. The jelly, showed content of total phenolics compounds (102 mg GAE. 100 -1) in relation to fresh fruit (21 mg GAE.100 g-1). There was the identification in the antioxidant capacity (9.05% scavering of DPPH radical), giving the final product antioxidant properties. Also were analyzed the microbiological characteristics of the product which was not observed the presence of thermotolerants coliforms, yeast and molds. The sapota can be considered effective raw materials in the preparation of jam and this had an antioxidant activity and source of fiber.