The effect of fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M on the mycelial morphology, sporulation and fumonisin B1 production by Fusarium verticillioides 103 F was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the fungicide caused inhibition of hyphal growth and defects on hyphae morphology such as cell wall disruption, withered hyphae, and excessive septation. In addition, extracellular material around the hyphae was rarely observed in the presence of fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M. While promoting the reduction of mycelial growth, the fungicide increased sporulation of F. verticillioides compared to the control, and the highest production occurred on the 14th day in the treatments and on the 10th day in the control cultures. Fumonisin B1production in the culture media containing the fungicide (treatment) was detected from the 7th day incubation, whereas in cultures without fungicide (control) it was detected on the 10th day. The highest fumonisin B1 production occurred on the 14th day, both for the control and for the treatment. Fludioxonil + metalaxyl - M can interfere in F. verticillioides mycelial morphology and sporulation and increase fumonisin B1 levels. These data indicate the importance of understanding the effects of fungicide to minimize the occurrence of toxigenic fungi and fumonisins.

Paa (porcine attaching and effacing associated) may be an important virulence factor E. coli of piglets with diarrhea. This study showed for the first time in Brazil the prevalence of the paa gene (22%) in E. coli strains isolated from piglets and these isolates also harboured genes for other adhesins and toxins LT II, STa and STb.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a infecção por Paracoccidioides brasiliensis em cães urbanos do município de Monte Negro, Rondônia, Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira. As amostras de soro (n=126) foram analisadas por meio dos testes de ELISA indireto e imunodifusão utilizando gp43 de P. brasiliensis e exoantígeno como antígenos, respectivamente. Uma positividade de 54,8% foi observada apé isso mesmoenas no teste de ELISA e nenhuma diferença estatística foi observada na soroprevalência em relação ao sexo ou à idade. Este é o primeiro estudo epidemiológico de paracoccidioidomicose realizado com cães da Amazônia Ocidental Brasileira. A alta positividade de infecção por P. brasiliensis observada neste estudo sugere que os veterinários devem estar atentos para detectar a doença natural em cães de áreas endêmicas para paracoccidioidomicose.

The objective of the study was to evaluate Paracoccidioides brasiliensis infection in urban dogs from the municipality of Monte Negro, Rondonia, Western Brazilian Amazon. The serum samples (n=126) were analyzed by indirect ELISA and the immunodiffusion test using P. brasiliensis gp43 and exoantigen as antigens, respectively. A positivity of 54.8% was observed only in the ELISA test and no statistical difference was observed in the seroprevalence in relation to age or sex. This is the first paracoccidioidomycosis survey carried out with dogs from the Western Brazilian Amazon. The higher positivity rates of P. brasiliensis infection observed in this study suggest that veterinarians must be alert to detect new cases of natural disease in dogs living in paracoccidioidomycosis endemic areas.

A identificação de amostras de Escherichia coli responsáveis por diarréia pós-desmame em suínos requer conhecimento dos patotipos prevalentes dentro de uma dada região. Cem amostras deEscherichia coli isoladas de leitões com diarréia no Estado do Paraná, Brasil, foram testadas para a presença dos genes que codificam antígenos fimbriais F4, F5, F6, F18, F41 e para a produção de enterotoxinas (STa, STb, LT and STx2e), através de sondas e da técnica da PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Os resultados mostraram que 60% dos isolados foram positivos para um ou mais antígenos fimbriais e 92% foram positivos para pelo menos um dos fatores de virulência examinados. Os genes de virulência detectados foram F4 (44%), F18 (38%), F5 (30%), F41 (32%), F6 (25%), LTp-I (71%), STa (40%), STb (47%) e STx2e (3%). Vinte e quatro padrões de virulência, de acordo com as diferentes combinações dos genes de virulência, foram encontrados e o mais prevalente foi F4, F18, F41, STa, STb e LT. A maioria das amostras que carreiam genes para adesinas também transportam genes para produção de toxinas.

Identification of Escherichia coli causing porcine postweaning diarrhea requires knowledge regarding the prevalent pathotypes within a given region. A total of 100Escherichia coli isolates from piglets with diarrhea in Londrina city, Parana State, South Brazil, were screened for the presence of genes for F4, F5, F6, F18, F41 fimbrial antigens by specific probes and for enterotoxins (STa, STb, LT and STx2e) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results showed that 60% of the isolates were positive for one or more of the fimbrial antigens and 92% were positive at least for one of the virulence factors examined. Virulence factor genes detected were F4 (44%), F18 (38%), F5 (30%), F41 (32%), F6 (25%), LTp-I (71%), STa (40%), STb (47%) and STx2e (3%). Twenty four patterns of virulence factor according to the different virulence genes form were found and the most frequent virulence gene pattern was F4, F18, F41, STa, STb and LT. Most of the isolates that carried genes for adhesins also harboured genes for toxins.