ABSTRACT Pregnancy can cause several physiologic changes in mares, including modifications in cardiac output and heart positioning. Therefore, these changes could influence electrocardiographic parameters in various stages of pregnancy. This study aimed to evaluate the electrocardiogram of Crioulo mares in different pregnancy stages. Nine non pregnant mares (G0), 11 mares at three months (G3), 11 mares at six months (G6) and 11 mares at 10 months of pregnancy (G10) were submitted to electrocardiographic evaluation. There was higher (P= 0,002) heart rate of G10 (60.45±12.16bpm) when compared to other groups (G0=45.67±10.75bpm; G3=44.91±7.91bpm; G6=46.91±9.12bpm), probably because of an increase in cardiac output to uterine perfusion at the end of pregnancy. Normal sinus rhythm was predominant in most of mares of groups G0, G3 and G6, and sinus tachycardia in most of G10 mares. In conclusion, changes in hemodynamics and in cardiac position can influence on the electrocardiogram of pregnant Crioulo mares, but do not cause relevant rhythm or conduction disturbs.

Amostras cilíndricas do aço AISI D2 foram submetidas aos tratamentos térmicos de recozimento, têmpera e revenido e tratadas termicamente em baixas temperaturas para alívio de tensões. Em seguida foram nitretadas em gaiola catódica nas temperaturas de 400 e 480 ºC durante 3 e 4 horas com objetivo de avaliar as melhores condições de tratamento para este material. Nessa técnica as amostras são colocadas num potencial flutuante, dentro de uma gaiola que blinda o potencial catódico. Um estudo sistemático foi realizado para avaliar a eficiência desta técnica na melhoria da dureza deste aço e sem o surgimento dos problemas comuns da nitretação iônica convencional como o efeito de borda. As amostras nitretadas por essa nova técnica apresentaram, para uma duração de tratamento bem inferior, espessuras de camadas, fases cristalinas e durezas, semelhantes àquelas apresentadas na literatura para a nitretação iônica convencional. Observa-se que nas três condições de tratamento térmico, a condição de nitretação que apresentou maior espessura de camada de compostos foi para a duração de 3 horas na temperatura de 480 ºC.

Cylindrical samples of type AISI D2 tool steel were submitted to the thermal treatments of annealing, quenching and tempering, as well as low temperature stress relieving. Then, they were nitrided in a cathodic cage at the temperatures of 400 and 480°C for 3 and 4 hours, to assess the best conditions of treatment for this material. In this technique the samples are placed on an insulating plate inside a cage that shields the cathodic potential. A systematic study was conducted to assess the efficiency of this technique in improving the hardness of the steel and without the appearance of the common problems of conventional ion nitriding, such as the edge effect. The samples nitrided using this new technique, for smaller treatment times presented layer thicknesses, crystalline phases and hardness comparable to those reported in the literature for conventional ion nitriding. It was found that nitriding for 3 hours at 480 ºC resulted in a thicker compound layer, among the 3 nitring conditions tested.