RESUMEN Ocimum basilicum L. (albahaca blanca) es reconocida por sus propiedades beneficiosas para la salud, principalmente por su actividad antioxidante. La tecnología del riego con agua tratada magnéticamente (ATM) contribuye al mejoramiento de la producción de las especies vegetales. Se evaluaron las características organolépticas, pH, sólidos totales, parámetros químicos y propiedad antioxidante de extractos de la hoja seca de albahaca blanca cultivada con campo magnético estático. Se conformaron dos grupos experimentales: control y plantas cultivadas con ATM (100-150 mT). Existe una mayor concentración de metabolitos y propiedad antioxidante para el extracto en agua. Sin embargo, se observó una mayor influencia del campo magnético sobre la actividad de secuestro de 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) para el extracto en etanol. El ATM estimuló los parámetros de calidad y la propiedad antioxidante en los extractos. La irrigación con ATM podría considerarse como una tecnología promisoria en la mejora del rendimiento del cultivo de esta especie vegetal.

ABSTRACT Ocimum basilicum L. (sweet basil) is recognized for its health-promoting properties, mainly for its antioxidant activity. Magnetically treated water (MTW) irrigation technology contributes to the improvement of plant production. The organoleptic characteristics, pH, total solids, chemical parameters and antioxidant property of dry leaf extracts of O. basilicum L. cultivated with a static magnetic field were evaluated. Two experimental groups were formed: control and plants grown with MTW (100-150 mT). A higher concentration of metabolites and antioxidant property was demonstrated for the water extract. However, a greater influence of the magnetic field on free radical scavenging activity values was observed for the ethanol extract. MTW stimulated the quality parameters and antioxidant property of the extracts. Irrigation with MTW could be considered a promising technology in improving is vegetal spices crop yield.

RESUMEN Calendula officinalis L., es cultivada y utilizada en Cuba por sus propiedades medicinales. Su uso ha disminuido por la poca disponibilidad y problemas en su propagación. Se emplea el riego con agua tratada magnéticamente (ATM) por su efecto positivo en el crecimiento y desarrollo de especies vegetales. Se propone evaluar el efecto del riego con ATM en parámetros de calidad y capacidad antioxidante in vitro de extractos foliares en agua y en etanol, para su uso como fitomedicamento. Se emplearon plantas control y cultivadas con ATM en un rango de inducción de 100-150 mT. El tratamiento favoreció parámetros de calidad y no afectó la presencia cualitativa de metabolitos. Estimuló el incremento de compuestos fenólicos, flavonoides, la actividad secuestradora del radical DPPH•, poder reductor y capacidad antioxidante total, con los mayores valores para el extracto en etanol. Estos cambios favorecen la calidad de los extractos para su futuro uso como fitomedicamento.

ABSTRACT Calendula officinalis L., is cultivated and used in Cuba for its medicinal properties. Its use has decreased due to its limited availability and propagation problems. Irrigation with magnetically treated water (MTW) is used for its positive effect on the growth and development of plant species. It is proposed to evaluate the effect of irrigation with MTW on quality parameters and in vitro antioxidant activity of foliar extracts in water and ethanol, for use as phytomedicine. Control plants and plants grown with MTW at an induction range of 100-150 mT were used. The treatment favored quality parameters and did not affect the qualitative presence of metabolites. It stimulated the increase of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, DPPH• radical scavenging activity, reducing power and total antioxidant capacity, with the highest values for the ethanol extract. These changes favor the quality of the extracts for future use as phytomedicine.

RESUMEN La hoja de Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth se utiliza tradicionalmente para los trastornos digestivos, pero no posee evidencias científicas sobre su calidad físico-química, por lo que en este trabajo se realizó su caracterización farmacognóstica. A tres lotes de la droga fresca se les determinaron las características macromorfológicas, micromorfológicas, porcentajes de materias extrañas y hojas ennegrecidas; se realizó un estudio de secado y se le determinó a la droga seca el porcentaje de humedad residual y de cenizas; así como a extractos derivados el porcentaje de sólidos totales; de acuerdo con la Norma Ramal de Salud Pública 309/91. Los resultados evidenciaron que el mejor método de secado es la sombra; las características macromorfológicas coinciden con la literatura; muy bajos porcentajes de hojas ennegrecidas y materia extraña; porcentajes de humedad residual y cenizas dentro de los límites permisibles para drogas no oficiales y mayor porcentaje de sólidos totales en etanol 50 %.

ABSTRACT Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth leaf is traditionally used for digestive disorders, but there is no scientific evidence on its physical-chemical quality, so its pharmacognostic characterization was carried out in this work. Macromorphological and micromorphological characteristics, percentages of foreign matter and blackened leaves were determined for three batches of the fresh drug; a drying study was carried out and the percentage of residual moisture and ash was determined for the dry drug; as well as derived extracts the percentage of total solids; according to the Public Health Branch Standard 309/91. The results showed that the best drying method is shade; the macromorphological characteristics coincide with the literature; very low percentages of blackened leaves and foreign matter; percentages of residual moisture and ashes within the permissible limits for unofficial drugs and a higher percentage of total solids in 50 % ethanol.

RESUMEN Estudios fitoquímicos sugieren que Gymnanthes lucida Sw. (aité) es un candidato con potencial antioxidante. Se cuantificó el contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales, y se evaluó la actividad antioxidante de extractos, elagitaninos y cumarinas aisladas de la hoja y la corteza mediante los métodos de secuestro de los radicales 2,2-difenil-1-pricrilhidrazil (DPPH) y ácido 2,2´-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolín)-6-sulfónico (ABTS) y del poder reductor. El extracto de la hoja mostró el mayor contenido de flavonoides y fenoles y la mejor actividad de los extractos DPPH (IC50=12,82 ± 0,12 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50=13,83 ± 3,45 μg/mL) y poder reductor (104% respecto al ácido ascórbico). El ácido elágico (AE) mostró la mayor actividad de las muestras DPPH (IC50=11,75 ± 0,53 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50=11,28 ± 0,28 μg/mL) y poder reductor (107% respecto al ácido ascórbico). Los resultados sugieren que G. lucida es una fuente de antioxidantes donde el AE es el principal responsable de la actividad de la hoja.

ABSTRACT Phytochemical investigations suggest that Gymnanthes lucida Sw. (aité) is a potential candidate for obtaining antioxidant principles. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were quantified and in vitro antioxidant capacity was assessed in extracts, ellagitannins, and coumarins isolated from the leaf and bark by three methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-pricrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2´-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals scavenging activities and ferric reducing power. The highest phenolic and flavonoid content was observed in the leaf extract which also exhibited the highest activity among the extracts DPPH (IC50=12,82 ± 0,12 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50=13,83 ± 3,45 μg/mL), and reducing power (104% compared to ascorbic acid). Ellagic acid (EA) showed the highest activity, with DPPH (IC50=11,75 ± 0,53 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50=11,28 ± 0,28 μg/mL), and reducing power (107 % compared to ascorbic acid). Results suggest that G. lucida is a natural source of antioxidants where EA is the main secondary metabolite of the leaf responsible for the activity.

Origanum majorana L. is a plant cultivated and used in Cuba for its carminative, expectorant and sedative properties. This species has difficulty in its propagation, so it was used irrigation water treated with static magnetic field (SMF), with an induction range of 100 and 150 MT, due to its action positive in the growth and development of other plants. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of water treated with a static magnetic field on physical, physical-chemical and chemical parameters to the extracts. As result, the n-hexane, ethanol and aqueous extracts maintained the same organoleptic characteristics, the pH oscillated in the range 4,12-5,27. The aqueous extract obtained from the plants grown with water treated with SMF, presented a higher concentration of total solids 20,19 g/100 mL, phenols, flavonoids and carbohydrates, the first report for the species cultivated with irrigation with SMF.

Origanummajorana L. es una planta cultivada y utilizada en Cuba por sus propiedades carminativa, expectorante y sedante. Esta especie presenta dificultad en su propagación, por lo que se emplea el agua de riego tratada con campo magnético estático (CME), con un rango de inducción de 100 y 150 MT, debido a su acción positiva en el crecimiento y desarrollo de otras plantas. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el efecto del agua tratada con campo magnético estático, sobre parámetros físicos, físico-químicos y químicos de los extractos de la planta. Los extractos resultantes de n-hexano, etanol y acuoso, mantuvieron las mismas características organolépticas, con un incremento de su pH que osciló entre 4,12-5,27. Se demuestra la mayor concentración de sólidos totales 20,19 g/100 mL; fenoles, flavonoides y carbohidratos, en el extracto acuoso, lo que constituye el primer reporte para la especie cultivada utilizando CME.

Avaliou-se a atividade antimicrobiana de 13 extratos totais, 10 brandos (B) e 3 batidos (E) elaborados a partir da folha seca e fresca da Petiveria alliacea L. Para sua preparação se empregaram vários solventes: solução hidroalcoólica 30%, 80% e álcool isopropílico. O efeito antimicrobiano dos extratos foi comprovado pelo método do Kirby-Bauer, usando para isso quatro cepas bacterianas da coleção ATCC (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis e Pseudomonas aeruginosa) e um fungo leveduriforme (Candida albicans). Determinaram-se parâmetros de controle da qualidade físicos, físico-químicos e químicos dos extratos mais ativos. Obtiveram-se como resultados: que 9 extratos mostraram atividade antibacteriana, sendo os mais concentrados (B8 e E3) os de maior espectro de ação frente às bactérias provadas; o efeito dos extratos batidos (E1, E2 e E3) foi maior frente a P. aeruginosa; os extratos batidos se consideram mais ativos que os brandos e não se obteve atividade antifúngica caso algum. Determinou-se a Concentração Mínima Inhibitoria e Bactericida para ambos os extratos, resultando a primeira para os extratos brandos maior a 100 mg/mL e para as batidos maior a 50 mg/mL; a segunda para os extratos brandos maior ou igual a 400 mg/mL e para as batidos maior ou igual a 200 mg/mL, em relação à droga fresca.

The antimicrobial activity of 13 total extracts was evaluated, 10 soft extracts (B) and 3 blended extracts (E) prepared from dry and fresh leaves of Petiveria alliacea L. Various solvents were used for their preparation: hydroalcoholic solution at 30%, 80% and isopropyl alcohol. The antimicrobial effect of the extracts was tested by means of the method of Kirby-Bauer, using four bacterial strains from the ATCC collection (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a leveduriform fungus (Candida albicans). The following quality control parameters were determined for most active extracts: physical, physical-chemical and chemical parameters. The results were: nine extracts showed antibacterial activity, being the most concentrated (B8 and E3), the ones with the highest activity in the presence of the bacteria tested; the effect of blended extracts (E1, E2 and E3) was greater in the presence of P. aeruginosa. Blended extracts are considered more potent and active than soft extracts. No antifungal activity was obtained for both types of extracts. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined for both extracts, with the following results: MIC-soft extracts (>100 mg/mL), blended extracts (>50 mg/mL); MBC-soft extracts (≥400 mg/mL), blended extracts (≥200 mg/mL) based on fresh leaves.

Se realizó la caracterización física, físico-química y química de extractos totales: 2 blandos: proporciones 1:8 (B3); 1:12 (B4) y 3 batidos: proporciones 1:4 (E1), 1:6 (E2), 1:8 (E3); a partir de hojas frescas de Petiveria alliacea L. y utilizando como menstruo solución hidroalcohólica al 80 %. Los parámetros de control de la calidad determinados fueron: características organolépticas; sólidos totales; densidad relativa; pH; cenizas totales; tamizaje fitoquímico (Norma Ramal de Salud Pública de Cuba); concentración de fenoles y flavonoides totales. Los resultados muestran los valores de los parámetros en cada uno de los extractos. El extracto blando B3 mostró mayores valores en los sólidos totales, densidad relativa, cenizas totales, fenoles totales, por cientos de fenoles totales en base a la hoja fresca y flavonoides totales que el extracto batido E3.

It was made the physics, chemical-physics and chemical characterization of total extracts: 2 soft: proportions 1:8 (B3); 1:12 (B4) and 3 blended: proportions 1:4 (E1), 1:6 (E2), and 1:8 (E3); from fresh leaves of Petiveria alliacea L. and using as menstruous: hydroalcoholic solution at 80%. The parameters of the quality control determined were: organoleptics characteristics, total solids, relative density, pH, total ashes, phytochemical screening (Brunch Norm of Public Salud of Cuba), concentration of total fenols and flavonoids. The results showed the valors of the parameters in the extracts. The soft extract B3 showed bigger valors in the total solids, relative density, total ashes, total fenol and percent of the totals fenois according the fresh leaves and total flavonoid that blended extract E3.

Taking into account the need of a curriculum assuring universal, contextual and flexible university formation that is committed to the social and professional realities of the country, the present paper designed the professional profile of the Pharmaceutical Sciences graduate in the University of Oriente, Cuba. To this end, the Professional Performance Model was used; the professional problem, the object of the profession and the professional objectives were defined. On the basis of the articulation of these configurations, the various fields, spheres and modes of performance were established, thus clearly stating the educational and learning objectives that are expected to be attained.

Teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de un currículo que garantice una formación universitaria universal, contextual, flexible y comprometida con la realidad social y profesional, en el presente trabajo se diseñó el perfil profesional que caracterizará al egresado de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Farmacéuticas de la Universidad de Oriente, Cuba. Se utilizó para ello el Modelo de Actuación Profesional; se precisó el problema profesional, el objeto de la profesión y el objetivo profesional, y sobre la base del sentido articulador entre estas configuraciones se definieron los campos, esferas y modos de actuación, dejando explícito, además, los objetivos educativos e instructivos que se aspiran alcanzar.