ABSTRACT Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth leaf is traditionally used for digestive disorders, but there is no scientific evidence on its physical-chemical quality, so its pharmacognostic characterization was carried out in this work. Macromorphological and micromorphological characteristics, percentages of foreign matter and blackened leaves were determined for three batches of the fresh drug; a drying study was carried out and the percentage of residual moisture and ash was determined for the dry drug; as well as derived extracts the percentage of total solids; according to the Public Health Branch Standard 309/91. The results showed that the best drying method is shade; the macromorphological characteristics coincide with the literature; very low percentages of blackened leaves and foreign matter; percentages of residual moisture and ashes within the permissible limits for unofficial drugs and a higher percentage of total solids in 50 % ethanol.

RESUMEN La hoja de Bastardia viscosa (L.) Kunth se utiliza tradicionalmente para los trastornos digestivos, pero no posee evidencias científicas sobre su calidad físico-química, por lo que en este trabajo se realizó su caracterización farmacognóstica. A tres lotes de la droga fresca se les determinaron las características macromorfológicas, micromorfológicas, porcentajes de materias extrañas y hojas ennegrecidas; se realizó un estudio de secado y se le determinó a la droga seca el porcentaje de humedad residual y de cenizas; así como a extractos derivados el porcentaje de sólidos totales; de acuerdo con la Norma Ramal de Salud Pública 309/91. Los resultados evidenciaron que el mejor método de secado es la sombra; las características macromorfológicas coinciden con la literatura; muy bajos porcentajes de hojas ennegrecidas y materia extraña; porcentajes de humedad residual y cenizas dentro de los límites permisibles para drogas no oficiales y mayor porcentaje de sólidos totales en etanol 50 %.

ABSTRACT Phytochemical investigations suggest that Gymnanthes lucida Sw. (aité) is a potential candidate for obtaining antioxidant principles. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were quantified and in vitro antioxidant capacity was assessed in extracts, ellagitannins, and coumarins isolated from the leaf and bark by three methods: 2,2-diphenyl-1-pricrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2´-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals scavenging activities and ferric reducing power. The highest phenolic and flavonoid content was observed in the leaf extract which also exhibited the highest activity among the extracts DPPH (IC50=12,82 ± 0,12 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50=13,83 ± 3,45 μg/mL), and reducing power (104% compared to ascorbic acid). Ellagic acid (EA) showed the highest activity, with DPPH (IC50=11,75 ± 0,53 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50=11,28 ± 0,28 μg/mL), and reducing power (107 % compared to ascorbic acid). Results suggest that G. lucida is a natural source of antioxidants where EA is the main secondary metabolite of the leaf responsible for the activity.

RESUMEN Estudios fitoquímicos sugieren que Gymnanthes lucida Sw. (aité) es un candidato con potencial antioxidante. Se cuantificó el contenido de fenoles y flavonoides totales, y se evaluó la actividad antioxidante de extractos, elagitaninos y cumarinas aisladas de la hoja y la corteza mediante los métodos de secuestro de los radicales 2,2-difenil-1-pricrilhidrazil (DPPH) y ácido 2,2´-azino-bis(3-etilbenzotiazolín)-6-sulfónico (ABTS) y del poder reductor. El extracto de la hoja mostró el mayor contenido de flavonoides y fenoles y la mejor actividad de los extractos DPPH (IC50=12,82 ± 0,12 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50=13,83 ± 3,45 μg/mL) y poder reductor (104% respecto al ácido ascórbico). El ácido elágico (AE) mostró la mayor actividad de las muestras DPPH (IC50=11,75 ± 0,53 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50=11,28 ± 0,28 μg/mL) y poder reductor (107% respecto al ácido ascórbico). Los resultados sugieren que G. lucida es una fuente de antioxidantes donde el AE es el principal responsable de la actividad de la hoja.

Origanum majorana L. is a plant cultivated and used in Cuba for its carminative, expectorant and sedative properties. This species has difficulty in its propagation, so it was used irrigation water treated with static magnetic field (SMF), with an induction range of 100 and 150 MT, due to its action positive in the growth and development of other plants. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of water treated with a static magnetic field on physical, physical-chemical and chemical parameters to the extracts. As result, the n-hexane, ethanol and aqueous extracts maintained the same organoleptic characteristics, the pH oscillated in the range 4,12-5,27. The aqueous extract obtained from the plants grown with water treated with SMF, presented a higher concentration of total solids 20,19 g/100 mL, phenols, flavonoids and carbohydrates, the first report for the species cultivated with irrigation with SMF.

Origanummajorana L. es una planta cultivada y utilizada en Cuba por sus propiedades carminativa, expectorante y sedante. Esta especie presenta dificultad en su propagación, por lo que se emplea el agua de riego tratada con campo magnético estático (CME), con un rango de inducción de 100 y 150 MT, debido a su acción positiva en el crecimiento y desarrollo de otras plantas. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar el efecto del agua tratada con campo magnético estático, sobre parámetros físicos, físico-químicos y químicos de los extractos de la planta. Los extractos resultantes de n-hexano, etanol y acuoso, mantuvieron las mismas características organolépticas, con un incremento de su pH que osciló entre 4,12-5,27. Se demuestra la mayor concentración de sólidos totales 20,19 g/100 mL; fenoles, flavonoides y carbohidratos, en el extracto acuoso, lo que constituye el primer reporte para la especie cultivada utilizando CME.

Avaliou-se a atividade antimicrobiana de 13 extratos totais, 10 brandos (B) e 3 batidos (E) elaborados a partir da folha seca e fresca da Petiveria alliacea L. Para sua preparação se empregaram vários solventes: solução hidroalcoólica 30%, 80% e álcool isopropílico. O efeito antimicrobiano dos extratos foi comprovado pelo método do Kirby-Bauer, usando para isso quatro cepas bacterianas da coleção ATCC (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis e Pseudomonas aeruginosa) e um fungo leveduriforme (Candida albicans). Determinaram-se parâmetros de controle da qualidade físicos, físico-químicos e químicos dos extratos mais ativos. Obtiveram-se como resultados: que 9 extratos mostraram atividade antibacteriana, sendo os mais concentrados (B8 e E3) os de maior espectro de ação frente às bactérias provadas; o efeito dos extratos batidos (E1, E2 e E3) foi maior frente a P. aeruginosa; os extratos batidos se consideram mais ativos que os brandos e não se obteve atividade antifúngica caso algum. Determinou-se a Concentração Mínima Inhibitoria e Bactericida para ambos os extratos, resultando a primeira para os extratos brandos maior a 100 mg/mL e para as batidos maior a 50 mg/mL; a segunda para os extratos brandos maior ou igual a 400 mg/mL e para as batidos maior ou igual a 200 mg/mL, em relação à droga fresca.

The antimicrobial activity of 13 total extracts was evaluated, 10 soft extracts (B) and 3 blended extracts (E) prepared from dry and fresh leaves of Petiveria alliacea L. Various solvents were used for their preparation: hydroalcoholic solution at 30%, 80% and isopropyl alcohol. The antimicrobial effect of the extracts was tested by means of the method of Kirby-Bauer, using four bacterial strains from the ATCC collection (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and a leveduriform fungus (Candida albicans). The following quality control parameters were determined for most active extracts: physical, physical-chemical and chemical parameters. The results were: nine extracts showed antibacterial activity, being the most concentrated (B8 and E3), the ones with the highest activity in the presence of the bacteria tested; the effect of blended extracts (E1, E2 and E3) was greater in the presence of P. aeruginosa. Blended extracts are considered more potent and active than soft extracts. No antifungal activity was obtained for both types of extracts. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined for both extracts, with the following results: MIC-soft extracts (>100 mg/mL), blended extracts (>50 mg/mL); MBC-soft extracts (≥400 mg/mL), blended extracts (≥200 mg/mL) based on fresh leaves.

It was made the physics, chemical-physics and chemical characterization of total extracts: 2 soft: proportions 1:8 (B3); 1:12 (B4) and 3 blended: proportions 1:4 (E1), 1:6 (E2), and 1:8 (E3); from fresh leaves of Petiveria alliacea L. and using as menstruous: hydroalcoholic solution at 80%. The parameters of the quality control determined were: organoleptics characteristics, total solids, relative density, pH, total ashes, phytochemical screening (Brunch Norm of Public Salud of Cuba), concentration of total fenols and flavonoids. The results showed the valors of the parameters in the extracts. The soft extract B3 showed bigger valors in the total solids, relative density, total ashes, total fenol and percent of the totals fenois according the fresh leaves and total flavonoid that blended extract E3.

Se realizó la caracterización física, físico-química y química de extractos totales: 2 blandos: proporciones 1:8 (B3); 1:12 (B4) y 3 batidos: proporciones 1:4 (E1), 1:6 (E2), 1:8 (E3); a partir de hojas frescas de Petiveria alliacea L. y utilizando como menstruo solución hidroalcohólica al 80 %. Los parámetros de control de la calidad determinados fueron: características organolépticas; sólidos totales; densidad relativa; pH; cenizas totales; tamizaje fitoquímico (Norma Ramal de Salud Pública de Cuba); concentración de fenoles y flavonoides totales. Los resultados muestran los valores de los parámetros en cada uno de los extractos. El extracto blando B3 mostró mayores valores en los sólidos totales, densidad relativa, cenizas totales, fenoles totales, por cientos de fenoles totales en base a la hoja fresca y flavonoides totales que el extracto batido E3.

Taking into account the need of a curriculum assuring universal, contextual and flexible university formation that is committed to the social and professional realities of the country, the present paper designed the professional profile of the Pharmaceutical Sciences graduate in the University of Oriente, Cuba. To this end, the Professional Performance Model was used; the professional problem, the object of the profession and the professional objectives were defined. On the basis of the articulation of these configurations, the various fields, spheres and modes of performance were established, thus clearly stating the educational and learning objectives that are expected to be attained.

Teniendo en cuenta la necesidad de un currículo que garantice una formación universitaria universal, contextual, flexible y comprometida con la realidad social y profesional, en el presente trabajo se diseñó el perfil profesional que caracterizará al egresado de la Licenciatura en Ciencias Farmacéuticas de la Universidad de Oriente, Cuba. Se utilizó para ello el Modelo de Actuación Profesional; se precisó el problema profesional, el objeto de la profesión y el objetivo profesional, y sobre la base del sentido articulador entre estas configuraciones se definieron los campos, esferas y modos de actuación, dejando explícito, además, los objetivos educativos e instructivos que se aspiran alcanzar.