ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of including Moringa oleifera (moringa) leaf meal on performance, carcass yield and characteristics, and relative organ weights of broilers from 10 to 42 days of age. We distributed 420 male Cobb 500 chicks in a completely randomized design with five treatments and six replicates with 14 birds each. Treatments consisted of five experimental diets in which the moringa leaf meal was included at 0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0% in the diets. The following performance variables were evaluated: weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion; weights and yields of carcass, carcass traits, organs, and abdominal fat; and feet color. Significant differences between the treatment means were analyzed by Dunnett’s test. The meal inclusion levels did not affect performance, carcass characteristics and yield, or organs weight. However, feet pigmentation increased linearly, and abdominal fat was greater only at the 1.5% level when compared with the control group. Moringa leaf meal can be included in the diet of broilers from 10 to 42 days of age, up to the level of 6%, without compromising performance or carcass yield of these birds.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine prediction equations to estimate the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values of animal meals used in broiler diets through meta-analysis. A bibliographic review was undertaken with studies conducted in Brazil from 2000 to 2016 to catalogue information on AMEn values and the following chemical elements in the composition of the feedstuffs: crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), mineral matter (MM), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P). Groups were also catalogued and formed according to sex and age of birds. Chemical correlations were analyzed, and a multiple linear regression model with the stepwise procedure was used to examine the association between the variables, which were included in the equation as a function of their importance. High and significant correlation coefficients between the independent (GE, MM, CP, EE, Ca, and P) and dependent variable (AMEn) contribute to the understanding of variations in the energy values of these feedstuffs. According to the coefficients of determination, the best equations to estimate AMEn of poultry offal meal and meat and bone meal are AMEn = 6139 − 45.5 CP + 0.356 GE − 123.5 MM ( R 2 = 0.8302 ) and AMEn = 2267 + 19.9 CP + 67.9 EE − 44.4 MM ( R 2 = 0.9021 ) , respectively.

Esta pesquisa foi realizada para avaliar os efeitos do uso de pigmentantes naturais e extratos de marigold e páprica em rações à base de sorgo para codornas japonesas. Foram utilizadas 180 codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica), com 98 dias de idade, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, composto por cinco tratamentos e seis repetições com seis aves cada. O experimento foi dividido em seis períodos de quatro dias, totalizando 24 dias. Foram analisados o desempenho produtivo e a qualidade dos ovos das codornas. A cor da gema foi avaliada a cada quatro dias durante 24 dias pelo método do escore colorimétrico DSM. Não houve efeito dos tratamentos sobre o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos das codornas, à exceção da cor da gema. O extrato de marigold proporcionou escore colorimétrico da gema equivalente ao das aves alimentadas com milho. A suplementação associada dos extratos de marigold e páprica proporcionou maior escore colorimétrico e em menor tempo. A utilização de pigmentantes naturais deve ser analisada considerando o escore colorimétrico que se deseja obter e o custo da suplementação de cada fonte comercial.

The objective was to evaluate the effects of natural pigments from marigold extract and paprika to Japanese quails fed sorghum-based diets. One hundred and eight Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), with 98 days of age were distributed in a complete randomized design in a split plot arrangement, with five treatments and six replicates of six birds each. The experiment was divided into six periods of four days each, totaling 24 days. Parameters productive performance and quail egg quality were evaluated. Yolk color was evaluated every 4 days for 24 days by the DSM colorimetric score method. There was no effect of experimental diets on performance or quality of quail egg, except for egg yolk color. The extract of marigold promoted yolk color scores equivalent to those obtained with corn. Supplementation of marigold extract with paprika provided higher color scores in less time. The use of natural pigments should be analyzed as for the color scores one wishes to obtain and cost of each commercial source supplementation.

No Brasil frangos de corte são normalmente alojados de 1 até 42 dias, quando são expostos a procedimentos como: jejum, apanha, colocação em caixas e transporte até o abate. Manter a homeostase do corpo é de grande importância para a sobrevivência de frangos de corte sob ambiente quente, especialmente na 7ª semana de crescimento. A perda de calor varia nas partes do corpo e está relacionada à temperatura do ar e à cobertura de penas. Avaliou-se a distribuição da temperatura superficial usando o processamento de imagens de câmera termográfica infravermelho, para caracterizar a temperatura superficial de frangos de corte de 42 dias de idade, no período anterior à apanha para o abate. Os frangos foram alojados de 1 a 42 dias e, antes de serem apanhados e transportados para o abate, foram registradas temperaturas superficiais infravermelho durante o dia.. Os resultados dos termogramas das regiões com penas e sem penas foram comparados, durante o 42º dia. Alta correlação entre regiões sem penas e a temperatura ambiente foi encontrada, mostrando que estas áreas respondem rapidamente a alterações no ambiente do alojamento. Duas funções foram desenvolvidas para predizer a temperatura superficial das regiões com e sem penas, do corpo de frangos com 42 dias, sendo conhecida a temperatura do ar do ambiente.

Broiler chickens in Brazil are generally reared from 1 to 42 days when they are exposed to procedures such as fasting, harvesting, crating and transport to slaughter. Maintaining homeostasis is of great importance for broiler survival under harsh environment especially prior to slaughter. Heat loss varies in the distinct parts of the body during the growth period, and it is related to the air temperature of the environment and to the amount of feather covering. This research aimed to study the surface temperature distribution using infrared thermographic image processing to characterize 42 day old broiler chicken surface temperature prior to slaughter. Broilers were reared for 42 days and prior to harvest and transport to slaughter the infrared surface temperature was recorded along the day. Data from the thermograms taken in feather and featherless regions were compared during the 42nd day of growth. High correlation between featherless regions and air temperature was found showing that these areas respond fast to changes in the rearing environment. Two functions were developed for predicting both surface temperature for featherless and feather covered areas of the broiler body parts.

O trabalho teve como objetivos determinar a composição química e energética do farelo de algodão produzido pela BUNGE Alimentos S/A, marca registrada como Farelo de algodão de alta energia (FAAE®) e avaliar a inclusão deste no desempenho de frangos de corte. Determinou-se a composição química, aminoacídica e energética (utilizando-se o método de coleta total de excretas, com duas coletas ao dia). Foi utilizado óxido férrico para marcar o início e o final da coleta. O nível de inclusão do alimento de teste na ração referência foi de 20%. O desempenho foi avaliado com a inclusão do farelo de algodão no período de nove a 42 dias. Durante os primeiros nove dias, os pintinhos receberam ração pré-inicial comum a todas as aves. A partir do nono dia, as aves foram submetidas à dieta experimental com níveis de 3, 6, 9 e 12% de inclusão do farelo de algodão. O farelo de algodão apresentou 95,91% de matéria seca, 9,8% de gordura, 27% de proteína bruta, 4,6% de cinza, 4.867kcal kg-1 de energia bruta, 1,32% de lisina e 0,35% de metionina. O valor de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida para nitrogênio determinado foi 1.188 kcal kg-1. Não se observou efeito no desempenho e no rendimento de carcaça dos frangos aos 42 dias de idade.

The objective of the research was to determine the chemical and energetic composition of cottonseed meal produced by BUNGE Foods Company, trademark as high energy cottonseed meal (FAAE ®) and to evaluate its inclusion in the performance of broilers. The chemical, energetic and aminoacidic composition was determined using the total excretion gathering method, with two gathers a day. It was used ferric oxide to mark the beginning and the end of the gathering. The level of inclusion of the food testing in the reference diet was 20%. The performance was evaluated with the inclusion of cottonseed meal in a period of 9 to 42 days. During the first nine days the poultries received pre-initial feed that were common to all birds. From the ninth day, the birds received an experimental diet with substitution levels of 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% inclusion of cottonseed meal . The cottonseed meal presented 95.91% of dry matter, 9.8% of fat, 27% of crude protein, 4.6% of ash, 4.867 kcal kg-1 of crude energy, 1.32% of lysine and 0.35% of metionine. The determined value of apparent metabolizable energy corrected to nitrogen was 1.188 kcal kg-1. It was not observed effect in the performance and carcass return of the poultry at 42 days of age.