SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare heart rate variability (HRV) between patients with chronic neck pain and patients with chronic low back pain and to correlate the chronic pain variables with heart rate variability indices. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study. We divided the sample into two groups: neck pain (n=30) and low back pain (n=30). We used the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Neck Disability Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Pain-Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia, and Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. For heart rate variability analysis, we used the following indices: mean RR, standard deviation of all RR intervals, mean heart rate, root mean square differences of successive RR intervals, triangular index, triangular interpolation of the interval histogram, low-frequency band in arbitrary units and in absolute values, high-frequency band in arbitrary units and in absolute values, standard deviation of the instantaneous beat-to-beat variability (standard deviation 1), long-term standard deviation of continuous RR intervals (standard deviation 2), and Stress Index. We used Student’s t-test for comparisons and Spearman’s coefficient for correlations. RESULTS: We observe insignificant values in the differences between the groups. Disability and self-efficacy were correlated with heart rate variability only in patients with chronic neck pain, whereas catastrophizing and kinesiophobia showed greater correlations with heart rate variability in patients with chronic low back pain. CONCLUSIONS: Autonomic dysfunction of individuals with chronic neck pain, when compared to patients with chronic low back pain, does present insignificant differences.

Resumo Fundamento O interesse pela hipertensão em crianças e adolescentes aumentou desde a atualização do sistema de classificação da pressão arterial para comparar com o sistema de classificação dos adultos, alterando a terminologia de “normal alta” para “pré-hipertensão”. Objetivo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a associação da modulação autonômica cardíaca com os níveis pressóricos dos adolescentes. Métodos 203 adolescentes foram agrupados de acordo com a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e a pressão arterial diastólica (PAD). Um grupo foi caracterizado como pré-hipertensão, e o outro como normotenso. Foram coletadas características antropométricas, cardiovasculares e de qualidade do sono. Inicialmente, os dados foram submetidos ao teste de normalidade Kolmogorov-Smirnov . As variáveis quantitativas contínuas foram analisadas por meio do teste T de Student não pareado. Para análise das variáveis categóricas, foi utilizado o teste qui-quadrado. Um modelo de regressão logística foi realizado. O nível de significância estabelecido foi p<0,05. Os dados foram expressos como média ± desvio padrão e intervalo de confiança. O software R foi utilizado para análise dos dados. O tamanho do efeito foi calculado com a fórmula de Cohen. Resultados O grupo pré-hipertensão apresentou aumento da entropia de Shannon e diminuição da variância total. Além disso, no modelo de regressão logística, os adolescentes deste grupo tiveram 1,03 mais chances de ter a entropia de Shannon afetada quando a PAS foi ajustada ao gênero, maturação sexual, tempo escolar, idade, circunferência da cintura e qualidade do sono. Conclusão Nossos dados mostram que a modulação autonômica pode desempenhar um papel importante no desenvolvimento da pressão arterial elevada em adolescentes ao controlar fatores como tempo escolar e qualidade do sono.

Abstract Background The interest regarding hypertension among children and adolescents has increased since the blood pressure rating system was updated to be compared with the adult rating system, changing the terminology from “normal high” to “prehypertension”. Objective This study aimed to analyze the association between cardiac autonomic modulation and pressure levels of adolescents. Methods 203 adolescents were grouped according to systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). One group was characterized as prehypertension, and the other as normotensive. Anthropometric, cardiovascular and sleep quality characteristics were collected. Initially, the data were submitted to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test. Continuous quantitative variables were analyzed using the unpaired Student t-test. For the analysis of categorical variables, a chi-square test was used. A logistic regression model was performed. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. The data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and confidence interval. The R software was used for data analysis. The effect size was calculated using the Cohen’s formula. Results The prehypertension group showed an increase in Shannon entropy and a decrease in total variance. Also, in the logistic regression model, adolescents in this group were 1.03 times more likely to have Shannon entropy’s affected when SBP was adjusted for gender, sexual maturation, school time, age, waist circumference, and sleep quality. Conclusion Our data show that autonomic modulation may play an important role in the development of elevated blood pressure in adolescents, when controlling for other factors, such as school time and sleep quality.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a resposta da modulação autonômica cardíaca e a capacidade funcional em idosas fisicamente ativas. Métodos: Setenta e cinco mulheres idosas (60 a 70 anos) da comunidade foram divididas nos seguintes grupos: sedentária (n = 19), hidroginástica (n = 18), pilates (n = 19) e dança (n = 19). A pressão arterial, a composição corporal, a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca e a capacidade funcional foram avaliadas para a caracterização dos grupos em repouso e 48 horas depois da última sessão de exercício físico. Resultados: O grupo sedentário apresentou maior relação cintura-quadril, pressão arterial diastólica e frequência cardíaca em repouso quando comparado aos outros grupos (p <0,05). Observou-se também que o grupo da dança apresentou melhores escores de capacidade funcional e VO2pico (todos p < 0,05). Com relação à modulação autonômica cardíaca, os grupos de dança e pilates demonstraram melhores escores para RMSSD (26,71 ± 9,07 e 29,82 ± 7,16, respectivamente; p < 0,05), LF (45,79 ± 14,81 e 45,95 ± 15,16 nu, respectivamente; p<0,05) e LF/HF (0,92 ± 0,56 e 0,58 ± 0,26, respectivamente; p < 0,05). Na análise simbólica, o grupo da dança apresentou maior predominância da modulação autonômica parassimpática do que os demais grupos (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Esses resultados concluem que idosas fisicamente ativas praticantes de hidroginástica, pilates ou dança, têm benefícios fisiológicos, como melhor capacidade funcional e melhora das variáveis hemodinâmicas e da modulação cardíaca autonômica. Além disso, o grupo que praticava dança teve maior modulação parassimpática e maior capacidade funcional quando comparado com outras modalidades. Nível de evidência: I; STARD: estudos de precisão diagnóstica.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze cardiac autonomic modulation response and functional capacity in physically active older women. Methods: Seventy-five older women (60-70 years) from the community were divided into the following groups: sedentary (n=19), hydro-gymnastics (n=18), pilates (n=19), and dance (n=19). Blood pressure, body composition, heart rate variability, and functional capacity were assessed for the characterization of the groups at rest and 48 hours after the last physical exercise session. Results: The sedentary group presented higher waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate compared to the other groups (p<0.05). It was also observed that the dance group presented better functional capacity and VO2peak scores (all p<0.05). Regarding cardiac autonomic modulation, both dance and pilates groups demonstrated better RMSSD (26.71 ± 9.07 and 29.82 ± 7.16, respectively; p<0.05), LF (45.79 ± 14.81 and 45.95 ± 15.16 n.u., respectively; p<0.05), and LF/HF (0.92 ± 0.56 and 0.58 ± 0.26, respectively; p<0.05) scores. In the symbolic analysis, the dance group had a greater predominance of parasympathetic autonomic modulation than the other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results conclude that physically active elderly women, practicing hydro-gymnastics, pilates or dance, presented physiological benefits, such as better functional capacity and improvements in hemodynamic variables and autonomic cardiac modulation. In addition, the group that practiced dance presented greater parasympathetic modulation, as well as greater functional capacity, when compared to the other modalities. Level of evidence: I; STARD: studies of diagnostic accuracy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la respuesta de la modulación autonómica cardíaca y la capacidad funcional en mujeres mayores físicamente activas. Métodos: Setenta y cinco mujeres mayores (60 a 70 años) de la comunidad fueron divididas en los siguientes grupos: sedentaria (n = 19), hidrogimnasia (n = 18), pilates (n = 19) y danza (n = 19). La presión arterial, la composición corporal, la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca y la capacidad funcional fueron evaluadas para la caracterización de los grupos en reposo y 48 horas después de la última sesión de ejercicio físico. Resultados: El grupo sedentario presentó mayor relación cintura-cadera, presión arterial diastólica y frecuencia cardíaca en reposo cuando comparado a los otros grupos (p <0,05). Se observó que el grupo de danza presentó mejores puntajes de capacidad funcional y VO2Pico (todos p <0,05). Con relación a la modulación autonómica cardíaca, los grupos de danza y pilates demostraron mejores puntajes para RMSSD (26,71 ± 9,07 y 29,82 ± 7,16, respectivamente; p <0,05), LF (45,79 ± 14,81 y 45,95 ± 15,16 nu, respectivamente; p <0,05), y LF/HF (0,92 ± 0,56 y 0,58 ± 0,26, respectivamente; p <0,05). En el análisis simbólico, el grupo de danza presentó mayor predominancia de la modulación autonómica parasimpática que los demás grupos (p <0,05). Conclusión: Esos resultados concluyen que las mujeres mayores físicamente activas, practicantes de hidrogimnasia, pilates o danza, tienen beneficios fisiológicos, como mejor capacidad funcional y mejora de las variables hemodinámicas y de la modulación cardíaca autonómica. Además, el grupo que practicaba danza tuvo mayor modulación parasimpática y mayor capacidad funcional cuando comparado con las otras modalidades. Nivel de evidencia: I; STARD: estudios de precisión diagnóstica.

Abstract Background To evaluate cardiac autonomic modulation of adolescents with a family history of diabetic parents. Objective This study aims to evaluate the influence of a family history of diabetes on cardiac autonomic modulation. Methods This is an analytical and cross-sectional study on adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age, of both genders, who were divided into group with a family history of diabetes and a control group without a family history of diabetes. The study protocol consisted of the analysis of heart rate variability, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements, and body composition. Also, by using questionnaires, level of physical activity, sexual maturation, and sleep quality were evaluated. Normality of data distribution was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Then, statistical significance was evaluated using the Student's t-test, and the Cohen’s teste was used for calculation of the effect size. The level of significance adopted in the statistical analysis was 5%. Results When the group of individuals with a family history of diabetes was compared with the control group, statistically significant differences were observed in the variables the standard deviation of the NN time series interval (SDNN) (43.9 ± 2.2 vs. 53.5 ± 2.6 ms), the square root of the quadratic differences (RMSSD) (41.9 ± 3.3 vs. 52.4 ± 3.2 ms), standard deviation of beat-to-beat instantaneous variability (SD1) (29.7 ± 2.3 vs. 37.1 ± 2.3 ms), long-term standard deviation of continuous RR intervals (SD2) (. 54.1 ± 2.6 vs. 66.66 ± 3.5 ms), and in low frequency (LF) (496.0 ± 49.5 vs. 728 ± 71.6 ms2) and high frequency (HF) (1050.0 ± 120.4 vs. 737.4 ± 98.5 ms2) in the frequency domain. Conclusions Global autonomic modulation is decreased in adolescents with a family history of diabetes. We also observed a decrease in vagal activity in this group. So, sympathetic autonomic modulation is predominant in this population. (Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

RESUMO Introdução O envelhecimento é um processo natural e marcado por mudanças e adaptações, tanto biológicas quanto fisiológicas. Com relação às adaptações, existem inúmeros trabalhos que abordam essas respostas decorrente a vários tipos de treinamento. O treinamento resistido (TR) pode ser avaliado por parâmetros bioquímicos, como a creatina quinase (CK), que é um grande marcador de estresse da musculatura esquelética. A proteína C-reativa (PCR) é um marcador bioquímico utilizado para avaliar o dano no sistema muscular cardíaco. Objetivo Avaliar a influência da CK sob a PCR em idosas em TR. Métodos Estudo do tipo experimental com dez idosas (61 ± 1,8 anos). As análises de CK e PCR foram coletadas em sangue venoso periférico antes e 24 horas após as 8 semanas de TR. Medidas antropométricas foram realizadas: índice de massa corporal (IMC), relação da cintura e o quadril (RCQ) e composição corporal. O TR foi realizado por série combinada (Bi-Set). Para análise estatística, primeiramente foi realizado o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, apresentando p > 0,05) e comprovando a utilização de testes paramétricos. As variáveis do grupo foram apresentadas como média e desvio padrão. Para comparação das amostras dependentes de evolução das cargas foi realizado a ANOVA one-way pareada para medidas repetidas, seguida de pós-teste de Tukey. Para variáveis de CK e PCR, foi realizado teste t de Student pareado para os momentos pré e pós-8 semanas de TR, assim como o ANOVA one-way e, quando necessário, o pós-teste de Tukey. O nível de significância adotado foi de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados Houve diminuição estatisticamente significativa, tanto para as concentrações séricas de CK, quanto para PCR, o que indicou redução de 73,14% e 75%, respectivamente. Conclusão O TR de longa duração promoveu influências entre biomarcadores avaliados por meio do dano do músculo esquelético (CK) e dano do músculo cardíaco (PCR), determinando adaptação e remodelamento muscular em qualquer faixa etária. Nível de evidência II; Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction Aging is a natural process and marked by changes and adaptations of both a biological and physiological nature. As regards adaptations, there are numerous works that address these responses following various types of training programs. Resistance training (RT) can be assessed by biochemical parameters such as creatine kinase (CK), which is a major marker of stress in the skeletal muscles. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a biochemical marker used to assess damage to the cardiac muscles. Objective To evaluate the influence of CK on CRP in elderly female subjects undergoing RT. Methods An experimental study was carried out with 10 elderly women (61 ± 1.8 years). Peripheral venous blood was collected for the CK and CRP analysis both before and 24 hours after 8 weeks of RT. Anthropometric measurements involved BMI (Body Mass Index), WHR (waist-to-hip ratio) and body composition. The RT involved combined series - Bi-Set. For statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was conducted first and presented p >0.05, confirming the use of parametric tests. Group variables were presented as mean and standard deviation. To compare the load-dependent samples, the repeated measures one-way ANOVA was performed first, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. For CK and CRP variables, we conducted the paired Student’s t-test for the timepoints pre- and post-eight weeks of RT along with the one-way ANOVA test, also conducting Tukey’s post-test when necessary. The level of significance was set at p ≤0.05. Results There was a statistically significant decrease in both serum CK and CRP, which indicated a reduction of 73.14% and 75%, respectively. Conclusion Long-term RT promoted influences among biomarkers assessed through skeletal muscle (CK) and cardiac muscle (CRP) damage, determining adaptation and muscle remodeling in any age group. Level of evidence II, Investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción El envejecimiento es un proceso natural y marcado por cambios y adaptaciones, tanto biológicas como fisiológicas. Con respecto a las adaptaciones, existen innumerables trabajos que abordan esas respuestas derivadas de varios tipos de entrenamiento. El Entrenamiento Resistido (ER) puede ser evaluado por parámetros bioquímicos, como la creatina quinasa (CK) que es un gran marcador de estrés de la musculatura esquelética. La proteína C-reactiva (PCR) es un marcador bioquímico utilizado para evaluar el daño en el sistema muscular cardíaco. Objetivo Evaluar la influencia de la CK bajo la PCR en ancianas en ER. Métodos Estudio de tipo experimental con 10 ancianas (61 ± 1,8 años). Los análisis de CK y PCR fueron recolectados en sangre venosa periférica antes y 24 horas después de las 8 semanas de ER. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas: IMC (Índice de Masa Corporal), RCC (Relación Cintura / Cadera) y Composición Corporal. El ER fue realizado por Serie Combinada (Bi-Set). Para análisis estadístico, primero se realizó la prueba de normalidad de Shapiro-Wilk presentando p> 0,05 y comprobando el uso de pruebas paramétricas. Las variables del grupo se mostraron como promedio y desviación estándar. Para comparación de las muestras dependientes de evolución de las cargas se realizó el Test one-way ANOVA pareado para medidas repetidas, seguido de post-test de Tukey. Para variables de CK y PCR se realizó el Test t de Student pareado para los momentos pre y post ocho semanas de ER, así como el ANOVA one-way y cuando necesario, el post-test de Tukey. El nivel de significancia adoptado fue de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados Hubo disminución estadísticamente significativa, tanto para las concentraciones séricas de CK, como para PCR, lo que indicó reducción del 73,14% y el 75%, respectivamente. Conclusión El ER de larga duración promovió influencias entre biomarcadores evaluados a través del daño del músculo esquelético (CK) y daño del músculo cardíaco (PCR) determinando adaptación y remodelación muscular en cualquier grupo de edad. Nivel de evidencia II; Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Resumo Foram avaliados os efeitos do destreinamento sobre parâmetros cardiovasculares em idosas. Idosas foram submetidas a oito semanas de treinamento resistido seguidas de oito semanas de destreinamento. Foram avaliadas nove mulheres idosas (idade 62 ± 2,30). Foram feitas coletas de sangue venoso periférico e avaliação da composição corporal antes do início de treinamento, após o treinamento e após a fase de destreinamento. Não houve aumento significativo da PCR na fase de destreino, porém observamos alterações negativas para colesterol total e composição corporal, representada pelo peso gordo. Os resultados sugerem que oito semanas de destreinamento não aumentaram significativamente a PCR, porém influenciaram negativamente em outros parâmetros relacionados aos riscos cardiovasculares, como valores antropométricos e bioquímicos representados pelo colesterol total e massa gorda, respectivamente. De fato, a continuidade do treinamento físico é essencial para adquirir e manter uma boa saúde, caso contrário os benefícios alcançados regridem aos valores iniciais.

Abstract The detraining effects on cardiovascular parameters in the elderly women (EW) were evaluated. EW underwent 8 weeks of resistance training, followed by eight weeks of detraining. 9 EW were evaluated (age 62 ± 2.30). Peripheral venous blood collections and body composition evaluation were performed before training, after training and after the detraining phase. There was no significant increase in CRP in detraining phase, but we observed negative changes for total cholesterol and body composition, represented by fat weight. The results suggest that 8 weeks of detraining did not significantly increase CRP, but had a negative influence on other parameters related to cardiovascular risks, as anthropometric and biochemical values represented by total cholesterol and fat mass, respectively. In fact, continuity of physical training is essential to acquiring and maintaining good health, otherwise the beneficial adaptations achieved will return to initial values.

Resumen Se evaluaron los efectos de la falta de entrenamiento sobre los parámetros cardiovasculares de mujeres mayores. Estas siguieron un entrenamiento resistido durante 8 semanas, seguidas de 8 semanas de falta de entrenamiento. Se evaluó a 9 mujeres de edad avanzada (edad de 62 ± 2,30). Se realizaron extracciones de sangre venosa periférica y evaluación de la composición corporal antes del inicio del entrenamiento, después del entrenamiento y después de la fase de falta de entrenamiento. No hubo un aumento considerable de la PCR en la fase de falta de entrenamiento, pero observamos alteraciones negativas del colesterol total y composición corporal, representada por la grasa. Los resultados sugieren que 8 semanas de falta de entrenamiento no aumentaron considerablemente la PCR, pero influyeron negativamente en otros parámetros relacionados con los riesgos cardiovasculares, como valores antropométricos y bioquímicos representados por el colesterol total y la masa grasa, respectivamente. De hecho, la continuidad del entrenamiento físico es esencial para adquirir y mantener una buena salud; de lo contrario, las adaptaciones beneficiosas alcanzadas vuelven a los valores iniciales.

Abstract Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of an exercise session prescribed by the Sworkit® Personal Trainer application on hemodynamic and autonomic responses. Methods: The sample consisted of 11 men classified as sedentary according to IPAQ. The exercises were randomly selected by the app Sworkit® Personal Trainer, using the pre-built program "Light Warm-Up Cardio" (see supplementary material). Heart rate and perceived exertion data were collected every minute during an exercise session. Blood pressure and heart rate variability were measured Pre, Post, 30 min, 12h, 24 h, and 48h after exercise. Heart rate and rate of perceived exertion were collected during the 30 minutes exercise. Results: Hemodynamic responses showed differences in heart rate and systolic blood pressure: Post, 12 h and 24 h compared to Pre. We also found significant statistical differences in the heart rate variability indexes when comparing Post, 30min to 48h versus Pre, indicating modifications in the autonomic modulation post-exercise. The perceived exertions scale remained between 13-14 during the exercise. Heart rate was 149 ± 5.26 (80 ± 5% of HRmax) during the 30min exercise, indicating a moderate to vigorous intensity. Conclusion: We concluded that a single exercise session guided by the Sworkit® Personal Trainer application could generate autonomic changes in up to 12 hours, presenting a moderate to vigorous intensity in 30 minutes of exercise for sedentary men.

Abstract Aim We aimed to evaluate the effect of low and vigorous levels of physical activity in body composition, hemodynamics and autonomic modulation in subjects with Down syndrome (DS). METHODS We evaluated 13 healthy subjects without DS (control group), 15 sedentary subjects with DS, (SED DS group), nine with DS with low intensity levels of physical activity (LIDS) and 12 with DS with vigorous levels of physical activity (VIDS). The physical activity level was measured using the IPAQ questionnaire. Body composition, hemodynamics and autonomic modulation were also evaluated. RESULTS The VIDS showed lower BMI than the control and SED DS group. Body fat (%) was lower in LIDS and VIDS than in the control and SED DS group. The systolic and diastolic arterial pressure values were similar among the groups. When normalized, the frequency domain showed higher LF/HF, higher LF (nu) and lower HF (nu) component of heart rate variability in sedentary DS than in the control group. However, LIDS and VIDS groups showed similar values in LF (nu), HF (nu) and LF/HF than the control group. The symbolic analysis showed greater 0V and lower values in 2LV in sedentary DS group when compared to the control group. However, the LIDS and VIDS did not show difference in 0V when compared to the control group. The 2LV was lower in LIDS and VIDS than in the control group, but 2UV was higher in VIDS than in the control group. CONCLUSION We conclude that, regardless of the intensity, exercise can promote positive adaptations in the autonomic modulation of DS patients.

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion with sevoflurane anesthetic preconditioning (APC) would present beneficial effects on autonomic and cardiac function indexes after the acute phase of a myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. METHODS: Twenty Wistar rats were allocated in three groups: control (CON, n=10), myocardial infarction with sevoflurane (SEV, n=5) and infarcted without sevoflurane (INF, n=5). Myocardial ischemia (60 min) and reperfusion were performed by temporary coronary occlusion. Twenty-one days later, the systolic and diastolic function were evaluated by echocardiography; spectral analysis of the systolic arterial pressure (SAPV) and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed. After the recording period, the infarct size (IS) was evaluated. RESULTS: The INF group presented greater cardiac dysfunction and increased sympathetic modulation of the SAPV, as well as decreased alpha index and worse vagal modulation of the HRV. The SEV group exhibited attenuation of the systolic and diastolic dysfunction and preserved vagal modulation (square root of the mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals and high frequency) of HRV, as well as a smaller IS. CONCLUSION: Sevoflurane preconditioning better preserved the cardiac function and autonomic modulation of the heart in post-acute myocardial infarction period.

PURPOSE: To verify the effects of different catecholamines on volemic expansion and on the autonomic nervous system in rabbits that were subjected to hemorrhage.METHODS: Twenty four rabbits subjected to hemorrhage (with a 25% loss of blood volume) and were randomly divided into four experimental groups: 1) HEMO Group underwent replacement with their own blood in an equal volume; 2) SS Group underwent replacement with saline solution (SS) in a volume that corresponded to three times the removed blood volume; 3) ISP Group underwent replacement with SS and isoprenaline; 4) FNL Group underwent replacement with SS and phenylephrine. Spectral Analysis of the heart rate and heart rate variability were performed from the recorded data. Hematocrit was measured throughout the experiment.RESULTS:Replacement with SS and an α- or β-agonist did not produce differences in the intravascular retention compared to replacement with SS alone. An analysis of HRV showed that the FNL group maintained the LF/HF ratio better than ISP and SS.CONCLUSIONS: No difference in vascular retention when α- or β- agonists were added to SS during post-hemorrhagic recovery. The animals in the FNL group maintained the integrity of the autonomic response within normal physiological standards during hemorrhagic stress.

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar as respostas agudas cardiorrespiratórias e autonômicas induzidas por uma sessão de exercício físico resistido em adolescentes com sobrepeso.MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 17 adolescentes do sexo masculino divididos em grupo controle (GC, n=9) e grupo sobrepeso (GSO, n=7). Todos foram submetidos a uma sessão exercícios resistidos para diferentes grupos musculares, realizados com sobrecarga de 60% da força máxima, com um intervalo de 45 segundos entre as séries e 90 segundos entre cada exercício. Antes, durante e após a sessão de exercícios os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados: frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) e variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC).RESULTADOS: Foi observado comportamento semelhante em ambos os grupos da PAS e PAD. A PAS aumentou durante o exercício e a PAD diminuiu. Ambas retornaram aos valores basais durante a recuperação. A FC aumentou durante a sessão de exercício nos dois grupos, porém, apenas no GSO houve retorno aos valores de repouso. Os índices da VFC no domínio do tempo (VAR RR e RMSSD) se comportaram de maneira semelhante frente ao exercício nos dois grupos, porém, no índice SDNN apenas o GSO retornou aos valores de repouso. A VFC no domínio da frequência apresentou comportamento semelhante em ambos os grupos.CONCLUSÕES: sugere-se que o aumento do nível de atividade física em indivíduos com sobrepeso pode prevenir as alterações autonômicas que estão associadas ao aumento do peso corporal e conferir efeito protetor ao sistema cardiovascular.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the acute cardiorespiratory and autonomic responses induced by a resistive exercise session in overweight adolescents.METHODS: We evaluated 17 male adolescents divided into control group (CG, n = 9) and overweight group (OWG, n = 7). All patients underwent one session of resistance exercises for different muscle groups, performed with overload of 60% of maximum strength, with an interval of 45 seconds between sets and 90 seconds between each exercise. Before, during and after the exercise session the following parameters were evaluated: heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and heart rate variability (HRV).RESULTS: We observed similar behavior in both groups of SBP and DBP. The SBP increased during exercise while the DBP decreased. Both returned to baseline during recovery. HR increased during the workout in the two groups, but return to resting values only occurred in the OWG. The HRV indices in the time domain (VAR RR and RMSSD) behaved similarly to the exercise in both groups, but the SDNN index only returned to resting values in the OWG. HRV in the frequency domain exhibited similar behavior in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that the increased level of physical activity in overweight individuals can prevent autonomic changes that are associated with increased body weight and confer a protective effect on the cardiovascular system

OBJETIVO: El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo evaluar las respuestas agudas cardiorrespiratorias y autonómicas inducidas por una sesión de ejercicio físico resistido en adolescentes con sobrepeso.MÉTODOS: Fueron evaluados 17 adolescentes del sexo masculino divididos en grupo control (GC, n=9) y grupo sobrepeso (GSO, n=7). Todos fueron sometidos a una sesión de ejercicios resistidos para diferentes grupos musculares, realizados con sobrecarga de 60% de la fuerza máxima, con un intervalo de 45 segundos entre las series y 90 segundos entre cada ejercicio. Antes, durante y después de la realización de la sesión de ejercicios los siguientes parámetros fueron evaluados: frecuencia cardíaca (FC), presión arterial sistólica (PAS), presión arterial diastólica (PAD) y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC).RESULTADOS: Fue observado comportamiento semejante en ambos grupos de la PAS y PAD. La PAS aumentó durante el ejercicio y la PAD disminuyó. Ambas retornaron a los valores basales durante la recuperación. La FC aumentó durante la sesión de ejercicio en los dos grupos, no obstante, solamente en el GSO hubo retorno a los valores de reposo. Los índices de la VFC en el dominio del tiempo (VAR RR y RMSSD) se comportaron de manera semejante frente al ejercicio en los dos grupos, no obstante, en el índice SDNN sólo el GSO retornó a los valores de reposo. La VFC en el dominio de la frecuencia presentó comportamiento semejante en ambos grupos.CONCLUSIONES: Se sugiere que el aumento del nivel de actividad física en individuos con sobrepeso puede prevenir las alteraciones autonómicas que están asociadas al aumento del peso corporal y conferirle efecto protector al sistema cardiovascular.