Resumo: Pheidole é um gênero com ampla distribuição geográfica e diversidade, especialmente na serapilheira das florestas da Região Neotropical, onde os ninhos são encontrados na interface solo-serapilheira, solo, vegetação, entre folhas, sementes e galhos. Apesar da disponibilidade de galhos e diversidade de espécies de Pheidole na serapilheira, a maior parte deste recurso não é ocupada, o que sugere a existência de filtros. Neste trabalho analisamos se galhos ocupados por espécies de Pheidole diferem em relação à estrutura externa e anatomia da madeira. A coleta de galhos foi realizada em fragmentos conservados de Mata Atlântica na região Sudeste do Brasil. Os galhos com colônias de Pheidole foram mensurados e a anatomia da madeira analisada. Foram coletados 224 galhos com colônias de Pheidole, mas a análise foi realizada em 41% devido à decomposição da madeira. Nestes galhos foram registradas cinco espécies, que diferem em relação à estrutura externa e anatomia da madeira. Estes resultados sugerem a existência de preferência na ocupação do galho determinada pela estrutura da madeira.

Abstract: Pheidole is a genus with wide geographical distribution and diversity, especially in the leaf litter of neotropical forests, where nests are found at the soil-litter interface, in the soil and vegetation, among leaves, seeds, and twigs. Despite the availability of twigs and Pheidole species diversity in the leaf litter, most of this resource is not occupied, which suggests the existence of filters. This study analyzes whether twigs occupied by Pheidole species differ for the outer structure and anatomy of the wood. Twigs were collected from preserved Atlantic Forest fragments in southeastern Brazil. Twigs with Pheidole colonies were measured and the wood anatomy analyzed. We collected 224 twigs with Pheidole colonies, but the analysis was done at 41% due to wood decomposition. Five species were recorded in these twigs, which differ for the outer structure and anatomy of the wood. These results suggest the existence of preference in the occupation of twigs determined by wood structure.

Morphological traits, such as size and shape, may reflect a combination of ecological and evolutionary responses by organisms. Ants have been used to evaluate the relationship between the environment and species coexistence and morphology. In the present study, we analyzed the morphology of workers of Gnamptogenys striatula Mayr in different landscapes from the Atlantic Domain in southeastern Brazil, focusing on the variation in the morphological attributes of these populations compared to those from a dense ombrophilous forest. Eighteen morphological traits of functional importance for interactions between workers and the environment were measured to characterize the size and shape of the workers. In general, the results show that ants of urban areas possess some morphological attributes of smaller size, with highly overlapped morphological space between the populations in forested ecosystems. Further, some of the traits related to predation were relatively smaller in modified land areas than in the populations from preserved areas of dense ombrophilous forest. These results help broaden the knowledge regarding morphological diversity in G. striatula, suggesting that the characterization of the morphology may be important to quantify the effects of land use on morphological diversity, and presumably, to facilitate the use of ants as biological indicators.