Abstract This study aimed to develop a pyriproxyfen-based Rumino-Reticulum Device (RRD) consisting of films of poly(vinyl)alcohol (PVA) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) to control the horn fly in cattle, one of the major pests of livestock. Films were obtained by the solvent casting method by PVA/NaCMC crosslinking and presented satisfactory homogeneity, drug content (104.8%) and pH (6.5), besides great absorptive capacity with swelling degree of 331.40% after 1 hour and diffusion-controlled release kinetics (Higuchi). FTIR and SEM analyzes clarify the characteristic bands of PVA, NaCMC and pyriproxyfen. The XRD and thermal analysis shows an increase in crystallinity due to pyriproxyfen (Xc:36.59%) and the active delivery alters the chain packing (Tg:74ºC). The pyriproxyfen-based RRD developed, in addition to fulfilling the characteristics of prolonged release, allows it to be rolled up (compressed form) facilitating swallowing and subsequent conversion to an expanded form that is retained in the rumen throughout the treatment period. pyriproxyfenbased based RuminoReticulum Rumino Reticulum (RRD polyvinylalcohol poly vinyl alcohol PVA (PVA (NaCMC cattle livestock PVANaCMC homogeneity 104.8% 1048 104 8 (104.8% 6.5, 65 6.5 , 6 5 (6.5) 33140 331 40 331.40 diffusioncontrolled diffusion controlled Higuchi. Higuchi . (Higuchi) Xc36.59% Xc3659 Xc 36.59% 36 59 (Xc:36.59% Tg74ºC. Tg74ºC TgºC Tg 74ºC ºC (Tg:74ºC) developed compressed period 104.8 10 (104.8 6. (6.5 3314 33 4 331.4 (Higuchi Xc36 Xc36.59 Xc365 3659 36.59 3 (Xc:36.59 (Tg:74ºC 104. (104. (6. 331. Xc3 Xc36.5 365 36.5 (Xc:36.5 (104 (6 Xc36. 36. (Xc:36. (10 ( (Xc:36 (1 (Xc:3 (Xc: (Xc

ABSTRACT Acute wound dressings can be based on PVA hydrogels, which present many characteristics of an ideal dressing, e.g., fluid uptake, a moisturized environment, etc. The lack of antimicrobial properties leads to the addition of natural active agents. The present work aims to manufacture and compare PVA gels loaded with Barbatimão bark extract, Leucaena bark extract, Aloe vera, and Lavender essential oil. They were characterized by FTIR, swelling tests, SEM, actives release. There were interactions between PVA and the active agents. The addition of Leucaena and Barbatimão increased the PVA ability to swell, but the opposite was found for Aloe vera and Lavender essential oil. PVA-Lavender essential oil samples presented interconnected pores, while samples with essential oil or extracts presented high crystallinity. Lavender essential oil and Aloe vera presented the highest release. The Barbatimão and Leucaena samples’ release may be related to the samples’ swelling, but the initial release of Aloe vera and Lavender samples was diffusion controlled by swelling. Their long-term release was dose-dependent for Aloe vera, while it was a non-Fickian diffusion for Lavender essential oil related to the hydrogel’s relaxation step. There is a synergistic effect when Aloe vera and Lavender essential oil are loaded in PVA hydrogels. hydrogels dressing eg e g e.g. uptake environment etc agents extract FTIR tests SEM swell PVALavender pores crystallinity longterm long term dosedependent dose dependent nonFickian non Fickian hydrogel s step e.g

Abstract Propolis is a resinous product collected by honeybees with a complex chemical composition. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is a polymer commonly used in wound care. The goal of the present work was to produce and characterize NaCMC membranes loaded with extract of Brazilian brown propolis (CMC-P). Flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in the propolis extracts, where the main identified substance was kaempferide. The brown propolis extracted was active against S. aureus. The low swelling capacity and high gel fraction of CMC-P would be the consequence of propolis (responsible for a hydrophobic barrier) filling the pores of the membrane. Propolis could be anchoring the NaCMC chains (as observed by FTIR) due to interaction between components, which is corroborated by the CMC-P sample degrading less than the CMC sample (>400ºC). There was non-linear diffusion release kinetics for most phenolic substances of the propolis extract. The CMC-P sample presents potential as a dressing material. composition care CMCP. CMCP P . (CMC-P) extracts kaempferide S aureus responsible barrier membrane FTIR components >400ºC. 400ºC ºC >400ºC (>400ºC) nonlinear non linear material (CMC-P (>400ºC

Abstract PVA cryogels are well established as candidate biomaterials for wound healing applications but are not themselves biodegradable or antimicrobial. Blending PVA with NaCMC (CMC) or gelatin (G) can increase the gel’s ability to swell and would introduce a degree of biodegradability. The incorporation of appropriate amounts of a natural antimicrobial/healing agents, such as honey (H), would contribute to the gels properties. The present work addresses the development and characterization of layered gels (PVA-H, PVA-CMC-H and PVA-G-H, with empty PVA, PVA-CMC, PVA-G gels presented as controls). The gels were characterized by FTIR, DSC, in vitro analysis of swelling and microbiological (S. aureus) effects. Addition of gelatin, NaCMC and honey to PVA diminished the PVA chains’ ability to pack into crystallites. Samples containing honey swelled less and presented higher weight loss/biodegradability than samples without honey. Only the honey-laden PVA-CMC and PVA-G presented activity against S. aureus.

Abstract Enrofloxacin can be slowly delivered through polymeric systems and the addition of oil could increase the polymeric gels hydrophobicity and help the continuous release. The present work intended to develop and characterize microstructurally (XRD and FTIR) and in vitro (swelling and antimicrobial tests) the PVA hydrogels loaded with copaiba oil and Duotrill (enrofloxacin) to treat bacterial infections, as pyelonephritis, in the veterinary field. Duotrill® and oil combined diminished the gels degree of crystallinity and it was observed interaction between phases due to a new band found only in PVA hydrogels loaded with copaiba oil and Duotrill (PVA-D-O) FTIR spectrum. The samples with oil swelled less than samples without it, where copaiba oil altered the samples’ hydrophilicity. PVA-D-O presented lower weight loss and higher gel fraction than PVA, indicating the loaded material increased the gels stability. All samples containing oil and Duotrill® inhibited S. aureus.

São apresentadas as propriedades físico-químicas de uma ocorrência sedimentar da Bacia do Parnaíba, Brasil, da zeólita estilbita, agregada a uma argila esmectítica. As amostras de diferentes sítios apresentam uma ampla variação do mineral zeolítico: entre 15% a 50%. A utilização de espirais concentradoras foi suficiente para obtenção de concentrados contendo até 67% do mineral. Ensaios laboratoriais do concentrado dopado com fertilizantes revelam taxas de liberação de nutrientes comparáveis aos obtidos com produtos comerciais similares.

This report describes the characterization of a sedimentary occurrence from the Parnaíba Basin, Brazil, containing the zeolite stilbite intertwined with smectitic clay mineral. The head samples from different sites present a wide content range of the zeolitic phase - 15% to 50%. The use of simple separation techniques - conventional gravitic treatments - yields concentrates containing about 67% of the zeolitic component. Assays with the amendments of these concentrates with plant nutrients yield release rates matching those reported for similar commercial products.