RESUMO Penicillium Link é um gênero de ascomicetos amplamente conhecido, com distribuição mundial, conhecido principalmente por seu uso na indústria alimentícia e produção de micotoxinas. Considerando a importância das coleções de culturas como repositórios da biodiversidade microbiana, realizamos uma revisão taxonômica polifásica de fungos do gênero Penicillium preservados na Coleção de Microrganismos de Interesse Agrossilvicultural do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (CMAI-INPA) no Brasil, que abriga vários depósitos de Penicillium sem identificação específica. Um total de 150 linhagens foi reativado para análises macro e micromorfológicas e extração, amplificação e sequenciamento de DNA. As linhagens foram representadas por nove espécies distribuídas entre as sessões Citrina (P. citrinum), Charlesia (P. chermesinum), Chrysogena (P. chrysogenum, P. rubens), Aspergilloides (P. glabrum), Sclerotiorum (P. meliponae), Fasciculata (P. palitans, P. polonicum) e Roquefortorum (P. paneum). Uma linhagem é aqui descrita como Penicillium carneiroi sp. nov., uma nova espécie na seção Exilicaulis. Apresentamos imagens da nova espécie e a comparamos com outras espécies morfologicamente próximas. A revisão taxonômica polifásica realizada neste estudo mostrou uma diversidade previamente desconhecida para a região amazônica, e que repositórios de microrganismos podem conter novas espécies ou registros para a região.

ABSTRACT Penicillium Link is a widely known genus of ascomycetes, with a worldwide distribution, mainly known for its use in the food industry and production of mycotoxins. Considering the importance of culture collections as repositories of microbial biodiversity, we carried out a polyphasic taxonomic review of fungi of the genus Penicillium preserved in the Collection of Microorganisms of Agrosilvicultural Interest at the National Institute for Amazonian Research (CMAI-INPA) in Brazil, which hosts several deposits of Penicillium without specific identification. A total of 150 strains were reactivated for macro and micromorphological analyses and DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing. The strains were represented by nine species distributed among the sessions Citrina (P. citrinum), Charlesia (P. chermesinum), Chrysogena (P. chrysogenum, P. rubens), Aspergilloides (P. glabrum), Sclerotiorum (P. meliponae), Fasciculata (P. palitans, P. polonicum) and Roquefortorum (P. paneum). One strain is herein described as Penicillium carneiroi sp. nov., a new species in the section Exilicaulis. We present images of the new species and compare it with other morphologically close species. The polyphasic taxonomic review carried out in this study showed a previously unknown diversity for the Amazon region, and that microorganism repositories may contain new species or records for the region.

Abstract This study aimed to identify fusarioid fungi in the soils of sustainably managed agricultural areas and a fragment of the Brazilian Caatinga, both in a semi-arid region of Brazil. We provide a survey of peer-reviewed papers reporting the substrates, hosts, and geographic regions in Brazil in which the identified species were of agricultural interest. Soil samples were collected in July 2019, February 2020, and July 2020 from different agroecosystems and a fragment of the Brazilian Caatinga in rural Triunfo, Brazil. Fusarioid fungi were obtained by serial dilution of soil and colony purification using single-conidial culturing. Maximum likelihood evaluation (ML) based on sequences from the tef1-α gene was used to identify fusarioid fungi. The distribution of these species in other agroecosystems and the natural environment in Brazil was assessed by an extensive search of the literature available in public databases. Fusarium annulatum, F. verticillioides, F. lacertarum, and Neocosmospora vasinfecta were identified. These species are distributed throughout Brazil and are registered as plant pathogens, mainly in areas with conventional agriculture. These data reinforce the importance of sustainable soil management in agricultural areas and expand our knowledge of the behavior of these microorganisms in environments without human interference.

ABSTRACT Two new Penicillium species are reported from soil of an agroforestry system and an Atlantic Rainforest fragment in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. Using a polyphasic approach, combining partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM), internal transcribed spacer (ITS), and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequences and morphological characters, Penicillium gercinae sp. nov. (section Ramigena, series Georgiensia), and Penicillium stangiae sp. nov. (section Lanata-Divaricata, series Dalearum) are described. Descriptions based on morphological features are provided. Penicillium gercinae is phylogenetically closely related to P. georgiense; however, P. gercinae does not grow on Czapek yeast extract (CYA) and has monoverticillate and biverticillate conidiophores. Penicillium stangiae is phylogenetically closely related to P. penarojense and P. vanderhammenii. As diagnostic features, P. stangiae had slower growth on CYA (28-30 mm in 7 days) and on DG18 (6-7 mm in 7 days) and lacked the production of acid on creatine agar. This research contributes to the expansion of knowledge on the taxonomy and diversity of Penicillium species in Brazil.

ABSTRACT A literature-based checklist of species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces recorded in the Brazilian tropical dry forest (Caatinga), the largest tropical dry forest region in South America, is provided. A total of 130 species (60 Aspergillus, 57 Penicillium, and 13 Talaromyces) are reported. Soil was the most common substrate, with 122 species records. Various reported species are well known in biotechnological processes. This checklist reflects the limited knowledge of fungal species in tropical dry environments. These data provide a good starting point for biogeographical studies on species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Talaromyces in dry environments worldwide. In addition, the new species Penicillium vascosobrinhous is introduced, an endophytic fungus isolated from cactus of the Caatinga forest in Brazil.