Resumen: La zona de Catriel, en la provincia argentina de Río Negro es, actualmente, una de las de mayor conflictividad debido a que las distintas lógicas de territorialización organizaron históricamente a los sujetos a partir del uso, acceso y apropiación de la tierra. Las tierras donde la localidad se funda fueron otorgadas por decreto presidencial, en 1899, a los llamados restos de la tribu de Catriel para la creación de una Colonia Agrícola Pastoril. Simultáneamente, se establecieron colonos que accedieron mediante el proceso de ocupación y la venta de tierras fiscales. Con el descubrimiento de petróleo a fines de los ’50, se otorgaron además los derechos de las distintas áreas de concesión a diversas empresas. Para analizar este entramado, partiré del caso de la comunidad mapuche Newen Kurruf, descendientes catrieleros que se encuentran enfrentando un juicio de desalojo desde 2017. Así, mediante la construcción del mapa de actores que intervienen en el conflicto territorial y la elaboración de cartografía específica, me propongo dar cuenta de las políticas estatales y marcos jurídicos que habilitaron accesos diferenciados a la tierra.

Abstract: The area of Catriel, in the Argentine Province of Río Negro, is currently one of the areas of greatest land conflict. Different logics of territorialization historically organized the subjects in what regards use, access and appropriation of land. The lands where the town was founded were granted by presidential decree, in 1899, to the so-called restos de la tribu de Catriel for the creation of a Pastoral Agricultural Colony. At the same time, settlers were established by the process of occupation and sale of fiscal land. With the discovery of oil in the late 1950s, the rights of the different concession areas were also granted to various companies. To analyze this network, I will start from the case of the Mapuche community Newen Kurruf, descendants of Catriel, who are facing an eviction trial since 2017. Thus, through the construction of the map of actors involved in the territorial conflict and the elaboration of specific cartography, I intend to give an account of state policies and legal frameworks that enabled differentiated access to land.

Resumen Este trabajo explicita una propuesta teórica y una estrategia metodológica para el análisis de los lugares producidos mediante tránsitos desplegados en el marco de desplazamientos condicionados por el curso del proceso nacional de acumulación de capital y su forma política. Para ello, desarrolla dos procesos socio-territoriales, que involucran a sendas comunidades mapuche en la provincia de Río Negro. El argumento es que el énfasis en la movilidad posibilita entender esas trayectorias, en particular, las territorialidades pasadas y presentes entramadas en las disputas actuales por la tierra.

Abstract This article elaborates on a theoretical proposal and a methodological strategy to analyze the spaces that ensue from transits unfolded in the context of conditioned displacements resulting from the national process of capital accumulation and its political shaping. To this end, the study develops two socio-territorial processes, involving two Mapuche communities in the province of Río Negro. The contention is that the emphasis on mobility makes it possible to understand these trajectories, particularly past and present territorialities involved in current land disputes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The clinical impact of vascular calcification is well established in the context of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but other clinical syndromes, such as calciphylaxis, although less frequent, have a significant impact on chronic kidney disease. Methods: Case report of a 27-year-old woman, who had complained of bilateral pain in her toes for 3 days, with the presence of small necrotic areas in the referred sites. She had a history of type 1 diabetes (25 years ago), with chronic kidney disease, on peritoneal dialysis, in addition to rheumatoid arthritis. She was admitted to the hospital, which preceded the current condition, due to exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis, evolving with intracardiac thrombus due to venous catheter complications, when she started using warfarin. Ischemia progressed to her feet, causing the need for bilateral amputations. Her chirodactyls were also affected. Thrombophilia, vasculitis, endocarditis or other embolic sources were investigated and discarded. Her pathology report evidenced skin necrosis and superficial soft parts with recent arterial thrombosis, and Monckeberg's medial calcification. We started treatment with bisphosphonate and sodium thiosulfate, conversion to hemodialysis and replacement of warfarin with unfractionated heparin. Despite all the therapy, the patient died after four months of evolution. Discussion: Calciphylaxis is a rare microvasculature calcification syndrome that results in severe ischemic injuries. It has pathogenesis related to the mineral and bone disorder of chronic kidney disease combined with the imbalance between promoters and inhibitors of vascular calcification, with particular importance to vitamin K antagonism. Conclusion: The preventive strategy is fundamental, since the therapy is complex with poorly validated effectiveness. Introduction mortality syndromes calciphylaxis frequent Methods 27yearold yearold 27 year old woman days sites 25 (2 ago, ago , ago) dialysis arthritis hospital condition complications feet amputations affected Thrombophilia vasculitis discarded thrombosis Monckebergs Monckeberg s thiosulfate heparin evolution Discussion injuries antagonism Conclusion fundamental effectiveness 2 (

RESUMO Introdução: O impacto clínico da calcificação vascular está bem estabelecido no âmbito de morbimortalidade cardiovascular, mas outras síndromes clínicas, como a calcifilaxia, apesar de menos frequente, têm significante impacto na doença renal crônica. Métodos: Relato de caso de mulher, 27 anos, com queixa de dor em pododáctilos bilateralmente havia 3 dias, com presença de pequenas áreas necróticas nos locais referidos. Antecedente pessoal de diabetes tipo 1 (há 25 anos), com doença renal crônica, em diálise peritoneal, além de artrite reumatoide. Teve internação hospitalar, que antecedeu o quadro atual, devido à exacerbação da artrite reumatoide, evoluindo com trombo intracardíaco por complicação de cateter venoso, quando iniciou uso de varfarina. A isquemia progrediu para pés com necessidade de amputações bilaterais. Quirodáctilos também foram acometidos. Trombofilias, vasculites, endocardite ou outras fontes emboligênicas foram pesquisadas e descartadas. Anatomopatológico evidenciou: necrose de pele e partes moles superficiais com trombose arterial recente e calcificação medial de Monckeberg. Tratamento foi instituído com bisfosfonato e tiossulfato de sódio, conversão para hemodiálise e substituição de varfarina por heparina não fracionada. Apesar de toda a terapia, a paciente foi a óbito após quatro meses de evolução. Discussão: A calcifilaxia é uma rara síndrome de calcificação da microvasculatura que resulta em graves lesões isquêmicas. Tem patogênese relacionada ao distúrbio mineral e ósseo da doença renal crônica combinado com o desbalanço entre promotores e inibidores de calcificação vascular, com particular importância ao antagonismo da vitamina K. Conclusão: A estratégia preventiva é fundamental, uma vez que a terapia é complexa e de eficácia pouco validada. Introdução cardiovascular clínicas frequente Métodos mulher 2 anos dias referidos há , anos) peritoneal reumatoide hospitalar atual venoso bilaterais acometidos Trombofilias vasculites descartadas evidenciou Monckeberg sódio fracionada evolução Discussão isquêmicas K Conclusão fundamental validada

RESUMO A exenteração pélvica mostrou-se benéfica, tanto terapêutica quanto paliativamente, em casos de câncer colorretal localmente avançado. A reconstrução do trânsito urinário após uma cistectomia sempre foi desafiadora, com muitas complicações associadas. Os autores apresentam o caso de um homem de 58 anos de idade com câncer retal localmente avançado, submetido a uma exenteração pélvica e uma colostomia úmida em dupla-boca (CUDB) para reconstituição urinária. Os autores apresentam a técnica cirúrgica da CUDB, uma boa alternativa para outras reconstruções urinárias, já que a derivação fecal e urinária ocorre em apenas um estoma, a saída do estoma é mais fácil de gerenciar e o método apresenta menos complicações em comparação com outras reconstruções urinárias. A vigilância a longo prazo é obrigatória em pacientes com CUDB, pois há um risco aumentado de neoplasia no reservatório.

ABSTRACT Pelvic exenteration has showed to be beneficial therapeutically and palliatively in locally advanced colorectal cancer. Reconstruction of urinary transit posterior to a cystectomy has always been challenging with many associated complications. We present a 58-year-old male with locally advanced rectal cancer in which a pelvic exenteration and a double-barreled wet colostomy (DBWC) was created for urinary reconstitution. We present the surgical technique of DBWC. DBWC is a good alternative to other urinary reconstructions because fecal and urinary derivation occurs in only one stoma, the stoma output is easier to manage, and fewer complications are seen compared to other urinary reconstructions. Long-term surveillance is mandatory in patients with a DBWC because there is an increased risk of neoplasm in the reservoir.

Resumen Este estudio es de tipo descriptivo e interpretativo y da cuenta de los resultados de las representaciones sociales sobre la profesión docente que autorreportan alumnos que ingresan a la formación inicial de profesores en dos instituciones chilenas de educación superior estatales; una de la región de Ñuble y la otra de la Región de Los Lagos. Este estudio surge a partir de la actualización del sistema nacional de aseguramiento de la calidad de la educación, en donde se establece la obligatoriedad de aplicar test de evaluación diagnóstica. Para tal efecto la población estuvo conformada por 834 estudiantes de la cohorte 2018, pertenecientes a 15 carreras de Pedagogía en dos universidades del país. Se aplicó un instrumento escala tipo Likert, validado en una población similar en el año 2017. Para realizar el análisis de la información, se aplicaron métodos descriptivos numéricos e inferenciales. En sus principales conclusiones, se devela representaciones sociales comunes en dimensiones sobre vocación, ejercicio de la profesión, prestigio e imagen social del profesorado, independiente del sexo, de lo que se desprende que los sujetos evaluados conforman una identidad profesional claramente modelada antes de comenzar su formación inicial docente.

Abstract: This descriptive and interpretative study accounts for results of social representations regarding the teaching pro- fession which students of initial teacher training report in two Chilean public institutions of Higher Education, from Ñuble and Los Lagos regions. This study arises from the updating of the National Educational Quality Assurance System, which establishes the obligation to apply a diagnostic test. To this end, the population was composed of 834 students from the 2018 cohort of 15 pedagogical programs from two national universities. A Likert-like scale instrument was applied, it was validated in a similar population in 2017. Numerical descriptive and inferential me- thods were applied to analyze the information. Generally concluding, common social representations are revealed about vocation, professional performance, prestige and social image of teachers regardless of sex; it suggests that the evaluated subjects shape a clearly modelled professional identity before starting their Initial Teacher Training.

Summary This descriptive and interpretative study accounts for results of representations regarding teaching profession which students of initial teaching training report in seven state chilean Higher Education institutions. This study arises from the updating of the national education quality assurance system in which the obligation to apply a diagnostic test is established. For such a purpose, the study population was composed by 1836 students from 2019 cohort of pedagogical programs from this national universities. A Likert - like scale instrument was applied. Numerical descriptive and inferential methods were applied to analyze the information. Generally concluding, common representations are revealed a professional performance regardless of the sex; it suggests that the evaluated subjects shape a clearly modeled professional identity before starting their Initial Teaching Training.

Resumen Este estudio es de tipo descriptivo e interpretativo y da cuenta de los resultados de las representaciones sobre la profesión docente - con énfasis en el ejercicio profesional docente - que auto-reportan alumnos que ingresan a la Formación Inicial de profesores, en siete instituciones chilenas de Educación Superior estatales. Este estudio surge a partir de la actualización del sistema nacional de aseguramiento de la calidad de la educación, en donde se establece la obligatoriedad de aplicar test de evaluación diagnóstica. Para tal efecto la población estudio estuvo conformada por 1836 estudiantes de la cohorte 2019, pertenecientes a carreras de Pedagogía de estas Universidades del país. Se aplicó un instrumento escala tipo Likert. Para realizar el análisis de la información se aplicaron métodos descriptivos numéricos e inferenciales. En sus principales conclusiones, se devela representaciones comunes en dimensiones sobre ejercicio profesional docente, independiente del sexo, de lo que se desprende que los sujetos evaluados conforman una identidad profesional claramente modelada antes de comenzar su Formación Inicial Docente.

ABSTRACT This paper shows the situation of the management of solid waste in 2 locations in the city of Machala, constituting two cases objects of study: a) Municipal market of Puerto Bolivar and b) private urbanization of St. Patrick, with the purpose of implementing a proper handling of these. The research process was a situational diagnosis of the 2 sectors through surveys and interviews with staff who resides and works in them and establish the reality in the area of the management of the waste generated in the development of the activity. Among the results new strategies for the management of solid waste were generated. They have been implemented, allowing to contribute to a clean, healthy environment complying with the requirements of the law to prevent and assist in the care of the environment. The study aims to form a plan of management and integrated management of solid waste in the two locations where they were developing, combining residual flow, recollection methods and proceeding.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo muestra la situación del manejo de los desechos sólidos en dos locaciones de la ciudad de Machala, que constituyen dos casos objetos de estudio: a) Mercado Municipal de Puerto Bolívar y b) Urbanización Privada San Patricio, con el propósito de implementar el manejo adecuado de estos. En el proceso de investigación se realizó un diagnóstico situacional de los 2 sectores a través de encuestas y entrevistas al personal que reside y labora en los mismos y establecer la realidad en los predios del manejo de los desechos generados en el desarrollo de la actividad. De los resultados obtenidos se implementaron nuevas estrategias para el manejo de los desechos sólidos generados, lo que permitirá contribuir a un ambiente sano y limpio, cumpliendo con las exigencias de la ley de prevenir y ayudar al cuidado del medio ambiente. El estudio tiene como objetivo conformar un plan de gestión y manejo integral de residuos sólidos en las dos locaciones donde se desarrolló la investigación, donde combina flujos de residuos, métodos de recolección y procesamiento.

BACKGROUND Vector transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi appears to be interrupted in Chile; however, data show increasing incidence of Chagas' disease, raising concerns that there may be a reemerging problem. OBJECTIVE To estimate the actual risk in a changing world it is necessary to consider the historical vector distribution and correlate this distribution with the presence of cases and climate change. METHODS Potential distribution models of Triatoma infestans and Chagas disease were performed using Maxent, a machine-learning method. FINDINGS Climate change appears to play a major role in the reemergence of Chagas' disease and T. infestans in Chile. The distribution of both T. infestans and Chagas' disease correlated with maximum temperature, and the precipitation during the driest month. The overlap of Chagas' disease and T. infestans distribution areas was high. The distribution of T. infestans, under two global change scenarios, showed a minimal reduction tendency in suitable areas. MAIN CONCLUSION The impact of temperature and precipitation on the distribution of T. infestans, as shown by the models, indicates the need for aggressive control efforts; the current control measures, including T. infestans control campaigns, should be maintained with the same intensity as they have at present, avoiding sylvatic foci, intrusions, and recolonisation of human dwellings.

Se evaluó la estructura de talla, la relación talla peso y la tasa de crecimiento y mortalidad de la ostra de mangle Crassostrea rhizophorae en la zona de La Tortuga, laguna de La Restinga, durante el período marzo 2012 - febrero 2013. Para ello se realizaron muestreos mensuales y aleatorios de las ostras. La composición anual de talla estuvo integrada por organismos de 15 a 95 mm de longitud total, con un mayor número de individuos en el intervalo de 45 y 60 mm. La relación talla-peso presentó un coeficiente de correlación r = 0,66 y una pendiente b = 1,80, señalando que la especie tiene un crecimiento alométrico minorante. El modelo de crecimiento en longitud estuvo representado por la ecuación Lt = 103,41 [1 - exp (-1,59 (t-0,31))], mostrando un crecimiento acelerado alcanzando a los 6 meses la talla comercial (60 mm), con una longevidad máxima estimada de 2 años.

The size structure, height - weight relationship and growth rate and mortality of the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae were evaluated in the area La Tortuga, La Restinga Lagoon, during the period march 2012 - february 2013. Monthly ramdom samples of oysters were taken. The annual size composition consisted of individuals between 15 and 95 mm in length, with a larger number of individuals in the range 45 to 60 mm. The length-weight relationship showed a positive relationship, with a correlation coefficient r = 0.66 and a slope b = 1.80, indicating that the species has a negative allometric growth. The model of growth in length was represented by the equation Lt = 103.41 [1 - exp (-1.59 (t-0, 31))], showing a fast growth which allows the oyster to reach commercial size (60 mm ) at 6 months, with a maximum estimated longevity of 2 years.

Objetivo: Determinar las percepciones sobre envejecimiento y bienestar que tienen los adultos mayores del hogar geriátrico San Camilo de la ciudad de Barranquilla. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos, enfoque cualitativo. Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a 40 personas. El método fue el análisis de categorías de expresiones más frecuentes validadas por triangulación con el consenso de los observadores; estas categorías se analizaron con referentes teóricos sobre el envejecimiento. Resultados: Se encontraron percepciones en común; "Los participantes no se consideran viejos(as)" y "Se sienten bien porque todo el tiempo fueron activos" y en las mujeres "Envejecimiento está asociado a menopausia". Dentro de algunas de las expresiones encontradas están: "Sienten que su experiencia y madurez pueden ser de gran aporte a la sociedad". La percepción está influida por la familia, idiosincrasia y espiritualidad. Los de mejor percepción son aquellos que en etapas previas de la vida se describían activos y con buenas relaciones con la familia, uno de cada diez adultos mayores tuvo percepciones negativas de la vejez. Conclusión: El envejecimiento se percibe como un proceso de carácter multidimensional. La percepción del envejecimiento está influida por el apoyo social, la salud, la espiritualidad; con respecto al bienestar, la mayoría está conforme con sus logros y éxitos y con los recursos con los cuales cuenta; prevalecen en ellos las percepciones positivas.

Objective: To determine the perceptions of aging and welfare of the elderly from San Camilo nursing home at Barranquilla. Materials and Methods: Case study; qualitative approach. Semistructured interviews were applied to 40 elderly from San Camilo nursing home. The method was the analysis of the most frequent expression categories, validated by triangulation with the observers' consensus. These categories were analyzed with theoretical background about aging. Results: Perceptions were found in common, "Participants are not considered old " and "They feel good because they were active all the time" and among women "Aging is associated with menopause". Within some of the expressions we found, "They feel their experience and maturity can be a great contribution to society." The perception is influenced by family, idiosyncrasy and spirituality. Adults who have a better perception are those that in previous stages of life described themselves as active and had good relationships with family, one in ten adults had negative perceptions of aging. Conclusions: Aging is seen as a multidimensional process. The perception of aging is influenced by social support, health and spirituality, with respect to welfare, most are satisfied with their achievements and the resources they own, the positive perceptions prevail

Con el fin de conocer el comportamiento ante emergencias escolares de niñas y adolescentes, se realizó una investigación descriptiva sobre el impacto de un proceso educativo de un programa de salud al colegio. El estudio se adelantó entre el 2007 y el 2008, en la localidad de Suba, en Bogotá, con un grupo de 120 estudiantes, de 6 a 18 años, de estratos cero, uno y dos. Mediante una metodología lúdica, pedagógica y de experiencias se evaluaron los conocimientos impartidos a esta población, en la que se observaron cambios en los estilos de vida y hábitos individuales y grupales. El 95% de las niñas validaron los conocimientos en salud sobre el manejo de emergencias escolares, el 100% de la población participó en la construcción del plan y trabajó en las prácticas, lo que crea conciencia acerca de la importancia del programa de salud escolar con el desarrollo de este tipo de planes.

A descriptive study on the impact of an educational module in a school health program was developed to find out how young girls and teenagers respond to emergencies at school. Conducted between 2007 and 2008 in the Suba District of Bogotá, the study featured a group of 120 students between the ages of 6 and 18. The participants in the sample were from income brackets zero, one and two. Using a method involving recreation, education and experiences, the know-how imparted to this population was evaluated, and changes in individual and group lifestyles and habits were observed. Ninety-five percent (95%) of the girls endorsed the health information on response to school emergencies, 100% took part in constructing the plan and worked in the practice sessions, all of which creates an awareness of the importance of the school health program with the development of plans of this type.

Para conhecer o comportamento frente a emergências escolares, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva sobre o efeito de um processo educativo em um programa de saúde na escola. O estudo foi levado a cabo entre 2007 e 2008 no distrito de Suba em Bogotá com um grupo de 120 estudantes de 6 a 18 anos de estratos zero, uno e dois. Com uma metodologia lúdica, pedagógica e de experiências, foram avaliados os conhecimentos dados a esta população, na que foram observados alterações dos estilos de vida e dos hábitos individuais e grupais. O 95% das meninas validaram os conhecimentos em saúde sobre o manejo de emergências escolares. O 100% da população contribuiu à elaboração do plano e participou nas práticas. Isso faz tomar consciência da importância do programa de saúde escolar.

En esta investigación se trabajó con dos cepas nativas de Lactobacillus plantarum y Lactobacillus brevis, aisladas de productos fermentados; estas crecen en medios de cultivo y producen un extracto complejo de ácidos orgánicos y péptidos con actividad bactericida. Los extractos de estas cepas mostraron capacidad bactericida frente a Salmonella sp. y Escherichia coli. Los ensayos para determinar su acción se realizaron con el extracto crudo y centrifugado provenientes de cada una de las cepas, a diferentes tiempos de almacenamiento, temperatura y pH. Se observó una mejor actividad antibacteriana y estabilidad de la actividad, en el extracto crudo almacenado a temperatura de 0°C y 4°C. A pH 5.5 se presento la mejor actividad en los dos extractos frente a las cepas de estudio. Se concluyó que los extractos sintetizados por ambas cepas tienen un alto potencial bactericida contra estas dos patógenos que son responsables de toxi-infecciones alimentarias.

In this investigation, two native stocks of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus brevis isolated from fermented products were studied; these grow in culture media and produce a complex extract of organic acids and peptides with bactericidal activity. The extracts of these stocks showed bactericidal capacity with Salmonella sp. and Escherichia coli. The tests to determine their action were made with crude and centrifuged extract originating of each one of the stocks, with different storage times, temperatures and pHs. A superior antibacterial activity and stability of the activity was observed in the crude extract stored in temperatures of 0°C and 4°C. With pH 5,5 the best activity of the two extracts against the study stocks was obtained. It is concluded that the extracts synthesized by both stocks have a high bactericidal potential against these two pathogens that are responsible for nutritional toxi-infections.