Abstract Introduction Obesity is a major global public health issue and approximately half of the population is classified as overweight. Many studies have investigated gait modification in obese people; however, no research has been carried out in overweight subject´s gait influence. Methods The goal of this study was to identify biomechanical changes on gait in overweight subjects by the application of principal component analysis (PCA). Two groups of adults participated of this study: overweight (n = 9; 25.0 < Body Mass Index < 29.9 kg/m2), and normal-weight (n = 15; 20.0 < Body Mass Index < 24.9 kg/m2. Three-dimensional kinematics of the lower limb and ground reaction forces (GRF) were recorded during gait. PCA was performed on data. Results PCA evidenced statistical differences at the first principal component (PC) of the sagittal ankle movement, anteroposterior and mediolateral GRF, as well as at the third PC of the sagittal hip movement and mediolateral GRF. Overweight subjects walked with reduced ankle plantarflexion at toe-off and reduced hip flexion at the heel strike and at mid swing, as well as a reduced hip extension during push off. Additionally, increased anteroposterior and mediolateral GRF on overweight subjects were observed. Conclusion overweight individuals might adjust their gait characteristics in response to their increased weight to reduce overload lower limbs joints. These gait modifications pointed to a possible increase in the risk of musculoskeletal pathology in this population.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a absorção de impacto durante a marcha descalço e com tênis e coturno fornecidos pelo Exército Brasileiro. A amostra foi composta por 20 soldados saudáveis recém-incorporados sem sintomas ou lesões musculoesqueléticas ou neurológicas que interferissem na marcha. Os sujeitos foram instruídos a caminhar em uma plataforma de madeira de 10 metros de comprimento por um metro de largura, com duas plataformas de força (Bertec, EUA) embutidas no centro. O componente vertical da força de reação do solo foi avaliado durante a marcha nas situações tênis, coturno e descalço. O sistema de cinemetria (Qualysis, Suécia) foi utilizado para medir a velocidade da marcha em cada situação de teste. O primeiro pico de força (PPF), o tempo para atingir o PPF (T_PPF), pico transiente de impacto (IPF) e a taxa de aceitação do peso (TAP) entre 10% e 30%, 30% e 50%, 50% e 70%, 70% e 90% e 10% e 90% do PPF foram avaliadas. O T_PPF foi em média 1s menor (p < 0,0001), o IPF e a TAP entre 10% e 30% do PPF foram maiores (p < 0,0001, ambos) descalço comparados a marcha com tênis e coturno. Não foi observado diferença estatística nas outras variáveis estudadas nas três condições de teste, bem como em nenhuma variável na comparação entre tênis e coturno. Os calçados avaliados são eficientes em reduzir o impacto durante a marcha por atrasar em média 1 s o tempo em que o PPF foi atingido, reduzir o IPF e a TAP nos primeiros 30% do PPF.

This study aimed at comparing shock absorption during gait while walking barefoot, tennis shoes and military boots. Twenty healthy soldiers without neurologic or musculoskeletal disorders were evaluated. Subjects walked 10 meters along a straight and level walkway at a comfortable speed in barefoot condition and using tennis shoes and military boots. Two force platforms (Bertec, EUA) were placed in serial at the middle of the walkway used to measure the ground reaction forces (GRF). The kinematic system (Qualysis, Sweden) was used to measure gait speed in each test condition. The first peak of force (FPF) of the vertical component of the GRF, time to reach to FPF (T_FPF), transient impact peak force (IPF) were evaluated and the weight acceptance rate at 10% to 30%, 30% to 50%, 50% to 70%, 70% to 90% and 10% to 90% of FPF. T_FPF was 1 s shorter (p < 0.0001), as well as IPF and weight acceptance rate at 10% to 30% in barefoot was higher (p < 0.0001, both) than tennis shoes and military boots gait patterns. None statistical difference was found in the others analyzed variables, even as in the tennis shoes and military boots comparisons. The analyzed footwear delayed the FPF impact during gait, reduce the IPF and the weight acceptance phase during 10% to 30% of FPF, being efficient in reduce impact forces during gait.

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de oferecer uma avaliação clínica, radiográfica e biomecânica de pacientes com fratura intraarticular de calcâneo, submetidos à redução aberta e fixação interna. A amostra consistiu em 22 pacientes, 20 do sexo masculino e dois do sexo feminino, com idade média de 40,95 (± 11,63) anos. Os autores realizaram avaliações radiográficas do ângulo de Böhler e Gissane, no pré e no pós-operatório, além de utilizarem a tomografia computadorizada para avaliação da classificação de Sanders. A avaliação da Distribuição da Pressão Plantar foi realizada pelo sistema F-scan. Os resultados clínicos encontrados foram satisfatórios apresentando, pontuação média de 75,5 no critério da AOFAS.. A redução cirúrgica resultou em uma melhora dos ângulos de Böhler e Gissane. O estudo mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o antepé o retropé fraturados no que tange sobre a área de contato, pressão e força de reação do solo. Os valores encontrados para estes parâmetros foram maiores no retropé que no antepé fraturados. A trajetória de Pressão (COP) foi menor no pé fraturado que no pé normal. Encontrou-se correlação entre o Ângulo de Gissane após a redução e o Segundo Pico de Força, indicando que quanto melhor a redução deste ângulo , melhor a impulsão. Também encontrou-se a correlação entre a pontuação AOFAS e o Primeiro Pico de Força, mostrando que quanto melhor o resultado clínico melhor o apoio do retropé.

The present study had an objective to perfom a clinical, radiographic and biomechanical evaluation in patients with calcaneal fractures submitted to open reduction with internal fixation. The sample consisted of 22 patients - 20 male and 2 female with an average age of 40,95 (±11,63) years old. The authors have done radiographic evaluation of the pre and post operatory of Böchler and Gissane angles; furthermore, they used a CT scanning for Sander's classification of calcaneal fractures. The plantar pressure distribution was analyzed with F-scanning system. The results of the intra-articular calcaneal fractures were clinically satisfactory, showed average punctuation with 75,5 in AOFAS criterion. The surgical reduction in a better angle of Böchler and Gissane. The study showed statistical differences between the forefoot and rearfoot concerning the the contact area, average preassure and strength in the injured foot. The figures found to this parameter were bigger in the rearfoot than the forefoot. The trajectory of pressure (COP) was shorter in the fractured foot than in the normal foot. The correlation between the angle of Gissane after the reduction and the second peak of force was found, showing as better as the reduction of this angle, the better is the impulsion. It was also found the correlation between the punctuation between AOFAS and the first peak of force, showing as better is the clinical result the better is the foot supporter.